12 Olympian Gods & Goddesses, Odyssey Part 1 Review, Gods & Goddesses Review, The Odyssey: Part One Study Guide
How does Zeus punish Odysseus after his men kill Helios' cattle?
Zeus destroys Odysseus' ship with a thunderbolt, and all of his men die.
Poseidon
Zeus's brother, god of the sea, carries a trident
Athena
Zeus's favorite daughter, sprang fully grown & fully armored from his head, goddess of wisdom & war, second virgin goddess
"The Maiden"
Athena
Zeus' favorite daughter
Athena
Hades
God of the land of the dead, Zeus's brother, banned from Mt. Olympus, has no pity, & has a magic helmet that can make you invisible if you wear it.
Poseidon
God of the sea, curses Odysseus' travel home to Ithaca
Where does Odysseus end up after his ship is destroyed and his men are killed?
Calypso's island
What is an archetype?
Characters, plots, and themes that are repeated in literature and popular culture.
Cicones
Citizens of Thrace, allies of Troy; Odysseus and his men raid Thrace after they leave Troy.
Banned from Mt. Olympus
Hades
God of the Underworld
Hades
Owns a magic helmet to make him invisible
Hades
Who are the Sirens?
Half-bird/half-woman creatures who sing to lure sailors to their island.
What does he ask from his men to do so that he can be the first and only man to survive hearing the song of the sirens?
He asks them to tie him to the ship.
Tiresias
blind prophet who advised Odysseus
Epithet
brief phrase that describes a character
The Odyssey is not told in chronological order. Instead, it begins __________
en medias res
Charybdis
female monster who sucks water to form a deadly whirlpool
Poseidon
god of the sea
Epic hero
main character in an epic
Hermes
messenger and herald of the gods
Telemachus
son of Odysseus and Penelope, heir to the throne of Ithaca
Beginning in medias res
starting in the middle, so most of the story is a flashback
List characteristics of an Epic Hero
strength, helped and harmed by interfering gods, embodies ideals and values important to a culture, always emerges victorious
Helios
sun god
Laertes
the father of Odysseus
invocation of the muse
the poet's appeal to the goddess of poetry
Calypso
the sea nymph who detained Odysseus for seven years
Underworld
the world of the dead
How do we know that Cyclopes are uncivilized
they dont have laws, dont farm, dont have community meetings
myths
traditional stories told through generations about cultural beliefs, customs, and/or religions
Homeric simile / Epic Simile
Compare heroic or epic events to simple and easily understandable everyday events; long--usually over many lines.
the Sirens
Creatures who can spellbind any man alive who catches their voice in the air.
The Sirens
Creatures who tempt Odysseus and his men with their voices.
Elpenor
Crewmate that dies and meets Odysseus and his men in the Land of the Dead
What does it say about Odysseus that he wanted to stay at the Cyclops' island even though his men begged him to leave? (This was before he met the cyclops.)
He is prideful, curious, take risks, etc.
How does Polyphemus curse Odysseus?
He prays to Poseidon that Odysseus' trip would take a long time, that all of his men would die, and that he would return to chaos at home on a stranger's boat.
How does Odysseus keep his men from hearing the Sirens' songs?
He puts beeswax in their ears.
What does Odysseus do upon leaving the Cyclopes island? What do his men think about it?
He yells to the Cyclops, giving away their location. The men think its reckless and dangerous.
Forges all armor for gods
Hephaestus
God of Fire
Hephaestus
Secret Protector of Marriage & Married Life
Hera
God of Speed
Hermes
Messenger of the gods
Hermes
Zeus' sister
Hestia
Three Virgin Goddesses
Hestia Athena Artemis
Ithaca
Home of Odysseus
What is Odysseus' fatal flaw?
Hubris, or excessive pride.
What are the characteristics of the epic plot?
It involves strange creatures, treacherous weather, and large-scale events. The gods and goddesses intervene.
Why is the lotus plant so dangerous?
It makes men forget about home; has characteristics of addictive drug
Where is Odysseus' home?
Ithaca
To whom is Odysseus telling his story
King Alcinous
Alcinous
King of the Phaeacians on Scheria, who helps Odysseus.
Zeus
King of the gods
Lotus Eaters
Legendary people visited by Odysseus, they live on a plant whose fruit induces stupor and forgetfulness of home
Odysseus
Main character of the Odyssey. Son of Laertes and Anticleia, husband of Penelope and father of Telemachus. A cunning, shrewd and eloquent hero.
What are the characteristics of epic setting?
More than one location. Fantastic or exotic lands.
Who is Scylla?
She is a 6 headed monster who eats 6 of Odysseus' men.
Who is Charybdis?
She is a monstrous whirlpool.
Circe
She turns Odysseus' men into pigs. She later encourages Odysseus to go to the Land of The Dead so that he might be able to eventually make it home.
Scylla
Six-headed sea monster who lives near the whirlpool Charybdis; she eats six of Odysseus' men.
Polyphemus
Son of Poseidon, the cyclops that Odysseus and his men blind. He curses Odysseus and prays against him to Poseidon.
Circe
The beautiful witch-goddess who transforms Odysseus's crew into swine when he lands on her island.
Odysseus
The main character/epic hero of The Odyssey
Helios
The sun god, whose cattle Odysseus' men slaughter.
Penelope
The wife of Odysseus and a symbol of devotion and fidelity
Why do the men kill the cattle?
They are starving.
How do Odysseus and his men escape the Cyclopes' cave?
They are tied to the underbellies of the sheep.
Homer
A Greek poet, author of the Iliad and the Odyssey
Apollo
A beautiful god & master musician, often entertains the gods on Mt. Olympus with his golden lyre, god of archery, prophecy & music, Artemis's twin.
Who is Elpenor? What does he ask of Odysseus?
A crewmate who died in Circe's hall; he asks Odysseus to bury him.
Polyphemus
A cyclops (one-eyed giant) and son of Poseidon
Entertains the gods on Mt. Olympus
Apollo
God of Music, Archery, & Prophecy
Apollo
Twin god & goddess
Apollo & Artemis
God of War
Ares
Goddess of the Moon & Hunt
Artemis
Two faces: Good & Evil
Artemis
Controls the thunderbolt
Zeus
Defeated Cronus & sent Titans to prison
Zeus
The Lotus Eaters
Offer the Lotus plant to Odysseus' men that makes them forget their homeland
Troy
A kingdom that was destroyed by the Greeks in the Trojan War. It is located on the western coast of Asia Minor
odyssey
A long journey
epic
A long narrative poem telling of a hero's deeds
Epic Simile
A long, extended comparison
epic hero
A main character in an epic whose legendary or heroic actions are central to his/her culture, race, or nation.
Aeolus
A mortal whom Zeus has appointed keeper of the winds.
Olympus
A mountain in Greece, which is home to many of the gods and goddesses
Laestrygonians
A race of cannibals who throw boulders at Odysseus' ships
Born from the Sea
Aphrodite
Goddess of Love & Beauty
Aphrodite
Scylla
6 headed monster lives on this island
conflict
A struggle between opposing forces
Who gave Odysseus a bag of bad winds in order to ease his way home?
Aeolus
Married to Hephaestus
Aphrodite
imagery
Description that appeals to the senses (sight, sound, smell, touch, taste)
What is the first thing that Odysseus tells his men once they arrive to the island of the sun god, Helios?
Don't eat the cattle.
Iliad
Epic poem that tells the story of the Trojan War
Athena
Favorite daughter of Zeus. Greek goddess of wisdom, war and peace; friend of Odysseus
Hestia
First of the three virgin goddesses, goddess of the Hearth and domestic life, Zeus's sister, often pictured with a tea kettle
Hephaestus
God of fire, thrown from Mt. Olympus by his mother because he was so lame & ugly. Makes all the armor for the gods and builds their houses.
Hermes
God of speed, messenger for the gods. Has winged sandals, a winged helmet & a winged magic wand.
Ares
God of war, hated by his parents, Zeus & Hera.
Aphrodite
Goddess of love & beauty that was born from the sea. Married to Hephaestus.
Artemis
Goddess of the moon & hunt, Apollo's twin, often known for having two faces: good & evil, last of the virgin goddesses
Calypso
Goddess who keeps Odysseus on her island for 7years as she tries to make him fall in love with her
Achaeans
Greeks; specifically, the people of Achaea in northeastern Greece.
What happened at the land of Cicones?
Odysseus' men raided this land, fighting the men and trying to take the women and children as slaves; 72 of Odysseus' men died in battle
Why doesn't Odysseus kill the Cyclops in the cave?
Only Polyphemus could remove the boulder from the opening of the cave.
Cyclopes
Race of one-eyed monsters who live lawless and don't fear the gods
Zeus
Ruler of all gods, controls the lightning bolt, married to Hera, killed father, Cronus
God of the Seas
Poseidon
Brothers of Zeus
Poseidon Hades
Who does Odysseus travel to see in The Land of the Dead?
Tiresias
Hera
Wife & sister of Zeus, Queen of gods, special protector of marriage & married women, angry goddess who doesn't forgive or forget
Epic
a long narrative poem
Invocation
a prayer or petition for help or support to tell a story
Allusion
a reference to a work of literature in another piece of literature