13.2 & 19.3

Push/Pull Factors

Conditions that draw people to another location (pull factors) or cause people to leave their homelands and migrate to another region (push factors)

Know-Nothing Party

Nativist lead political party that opposed immigration and Catholicism. Also wanted immigrants to live in the US for 21 years until they could become citizens. When asked about the political party by outsiders, they said "I know nothing."

African Americans

Organized and aided urban communities. African American ministers often served as both political and spiratual leaders in these communities.

Urban Development

cities grew at a rapid rate. Almost 40% of Americans lived in an urban area. This percentage continued to go up in the early 1900s.

Chinese Exclusion Act

(1882)law prohibiting Chinese people from immigrating to the US for a period of 10 years. It was extended into the early 1900s. First time a specific nationallity was banned from entering the US.

Immigration Restriction League

A Nativist group who wanted to restrict immigration into the U.S. to certain groups they deemed desirable. Because of them congress passed a bill in 1897 requiring a literacy test for immigrants.

Jane Addams/Hull House

A famous Settlement House founded by Jane Addams and Ellen Gates Starr in Chicago in 1889. Hull House work focused on the needs of families, especially immigrant ones. The Hull House served as a model for other settlement houses.

Trachoma

A highly contagious eye disease that caused immigrants to be deported if they carried the disease.

Settlement House

A house that was made to help immigrants entering the U.S. At Settlement Houses, instruction was given in English and how to get a job, among other things. These centers were usually run by educated middle class women. The houses became centers for reform in the women's and labor movements.

Emigrant/Immigrant

A person who moves from their own country to a new land such as moving from Ireland to the US.

steerage

Area below deck on a ship where the steering mechanisms were located. Immigrants usually traveled here with other immigrants. Overcrowded and most suffered from seasickness. Some passengers even died from disease. :(

Benevolent Societies

Immigrant communities that offered help in times of sickness ,death and unemployment. Few gov't agencies provided such aid.

Angel Island

Immigrant processing station on the West coast in San Fran. Bay very much the same as Ellis Island in NY. Usually helped people from Asia and questioning took longer than Ellis Island. conditions were harsher.

First "Old" Immigrants

Immigrants who came to the US before the 1880s. From Northern Europe (Ireland and Germany)

Second "New" Immigrants

Immigrants who came to the US durring and after the 1880s. Mostly from Southern and Eastern Europe.

Ellis Island

Location near New York City set up by the government to help process immigrants as they arrived from Europe before they entered the country. immigrants were deported if they were unhealthy.

Tenement

overcrowded and unsanitary apartment buildings with one window and a high crime rate. only had one exit and entryway. usually C shaped.