142 Acute & Chronic Illness - PRACTICE QUESTIONS

A physician's order reads up ad lib. What does this mean in terms of client activity? A) May walk twice a day B) May be up as desired C) May only go to the bathroom D) Must remain on bed rest

Ans: B Feedback: The abbreviation up ad lib means the client may be up as desired.

A client who uses a wheelchair was unable to enter a health care clinic because the pavement was too high. The client filed a formal complaint stating that reasonable accommodations were not met. What is an example of a reasonable accommodation under the 1990 American Disabilities Act (ADA)? A. Priority medical appointments and grab bars B. Low-cost transportation and elevated toilet seats C. Accessible facilities and equipment D. Alternate communication methods and medical home visits

ANS: C Rationale: In health care facilities, reasonable accommodation included accessible facilities and equipment. The ADA of 1990 did not include priority medical appointments or low-cost transportation. Grab bars and elevated toilet seats fall under accessible equipment. Alternative communication methods also fall under the ADA of 1990, but medical home visits do not.

A client tells the nurse that the doctor just told the client that a new diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis is considered to be a chronic condition. The client asks the nurse what chronic condition means. What would be the nurse's best response? A. It is a health problem that require managements of several months or longer. B. Chronic conditions are disabilities that require medical treatments that limit activity. C. Medical conditions are chronic when they culminate in disabilities that require hospitalization. D. Chronic conditions are conditions that require short-term management in extended-care facilities.

ANS: A Rationale: Chronic conditions are often defined as medical conditions or health problems with associated symptoms or disabilities that require long-term management (3 months or longer). A chronic disease is not defined as a disability, nor does it always require hospitalization. And chronic diseases do not always limit activity.

A 45-year-old client was diagnosed with schizophrenia at the age of 20. The client is having trouble finding community-based services to help increase their quality of life. Which program would most benefit the client? A. Medicaid B. Tricare C. American Disabilities Act D. Medicare

ANS: A Rationale: Medicaid provides home and community-based services to people with disabilities to enable a better quality of life for them and their families. Tricare is health insurance for uniformed service members, retirees, and their families. The American Disabilities Act of 1990 is a civil law that prohibits discrimination based on a disability. Medicare is a federal health insurance program that is available to most people over 65, people with permanent kidney injury, and certain qualified people with disabilities.

A client uses a wheelchair. The client wants to attend a church-sponsored support group for parents of children diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder. The client arrives at the church and realizes there are no ramps or elevators to the basement. What type of barrier did this client encounter? A. A structural barrier B. A barrier to health care C. An institutional barrier D. A transportation barrier

ANS: A Rationale: Structural barriers make certain facilities inaccessible. Examples of structural barriers include stairs, lack of ramps, narrow doorways that do not permit entry of a wheelchair, and restroom facilities that cannot be used by people with physical impairments. Institutional barriers are policies, guidelines, or procedures that place certain groups of people at a disadvantage. Transportation barriers are any physical objects that hinder the flow of people moving from one location to another. And health care barriers are described as anything that limits and/or restricts the use of health services.

A home care nurse is making an initial visit to a 68-year-old client. The nurse finds the client tearful and emotionally withdrawn. Even though the client lives alone and has no family, the client has been managing well at home until now. What would be the most appropriate action for the nurse to take? A. Reassess the client's psychosocial status and make the necessary referrals. B. Have the client volunteer in the community for social contact. C. Arrange for the client to be reassessed by a social worker. D. Encourage the client to focus on the positive aspects of life.

ANS: A Rationale: The client is exhibiting signs of depression and should be reassessed and a referral made as necessary. Clients with chronic illness are at an increased risk of depression. It would be simplistic to arrange for the client to volunteer or focus on the positive. Social work may or may not be needed; assessment should precede such a referral.

The community nurse is caring for a client who has paraplegia following a farm accident when they were an adolescent. This client is now 64 years old and has just been diagnosed with congestive heart failure. The client states, I'm so afraid about what is going to happen to me. What would be the best nursing intervention for this client? A. Assist the client in making suitable plans for care. B. Take the client to visit appropriate long-term care facilities. C. Give the client pamphlets about available community resources. D. Have the client visit with other clients who have congestive heart failure.

ANS: A Rationale: The nurse should recognize the concerns of people with disabilities about their future and encourage them to make suitable plans, which may relieve some of their fears and concerns about what will happen to them as they age. Taking the client to visit long-term care facilities may only make the client more afraid, especially if the client is not ready and/or willing to look at long-term care facilities. Giving the client pamphlets about community resources or having the client visit with other clients who have congestive heart failure may not do anything to relieve fears.

A 39-year-old client with paraplegia has been admitted to the hospital for the treatment of a sacral pressure injury. The nurse is aware that the client normally lives alone in an apartment and manages their ADLs independently. Before creating the client's plan of care, how should the nurse best identify the level of assistance that the client will require in the hospital? A. Make referrals for assessment to occupational therapy and physical therapy. B. Talk with the client about the type and level of assistance that the client desires. C. Obtain the client's previous medical record and note what was done during their most recent admission. D. Apply a standardized care plan that addresses the needs of a client with paraplegia.

ANS: B Rationale: Clients should be asked preferences about approaches to carrying out their ADLs, and assistive devices they require should be readily available. The other listed actions may be necessary in some cases, but the ultimate resource should be the client.

A nurse knows that clients with invisible disabilities like chronic pain often feel that their chronic conditions are more challenging to deal with than more visible disabilities. Why would they feel this way? A. Invisible disabilities create negative attitudes in the health care community. B. Despite appearances, invisible disabilities can be as disabling as visible disabilities. C. Disabilities, such as chronic pain, are apparent to the general population. D. Disabilities, such as chronic pain, may not be curable, unlike visible disabilities.

ANS: B Rationale: Many disabilities are visible, but invisible disabilities are often as disabling as those that can be seen. Invisible disabilities are not noted to create negative attitudes among health care workers, though this is a possibility. Disabilities such as chronic pain are considered invisible because they are not apparent to the general population.

A medical-surgical nurse is teaching a client about the health implications of the client's recently diagnosed type 2 diabetes. The nurse should teach the client to be proactive with glycemic control to reduce the risk of what health problem? A. Urinary tract infections B. Renal failure C. Pneumonia D. Inflammatory bowel disease

ANS: B Rationale: One chronic disease can lead to the development of other chronic conditions. Diabetes, for example, can eventually lead to neurologic and vascular changes that may result in visual, cardiac, and kidney disease and erectile dysfunction. Diabetes is not directly linked to urinary tract infections, pneumonia, or inflammatory bowel disease.

An initiative has been launched in a large hospital to promote the use of people-first language in formal and informal communication. What is the significance to the client when the nurse uses people-first language? A. The nurse clearly defines how the disability shapes the client's character. B. The client is of more importance to the nurse than the disability. C. The client's disability mandates their relationships and life choices. D. The nurse knows that the client's disability is a curable condition.

ANS: B Rationale: This simple use of language conveys the message that the person, rather than the illness or disability, is of greater importance to the nurse. The other answers are incorrect because no matter what language the nurse uses, the nurse knows that a disability does not define a client's character. The client's disability is not the most important aspect in the client's life, and the client's disability may be managed but is not likely to be cured.

A nurse is planning the care of a client who has been diagnosed with asthma, which the nurse recognizes as being a chronic condition. Which of the following descriptors apply to chronic conditions? Select all that apply. A. Resolve slowly B. Rarely are completely cured C. Have a short, unpredictable course D. Do not resolve spontaneously E. Have a prolonged course

ANS: B, D, E Rationale: Chronic conditions can also be defined as illnesses or diseases that have a prolonged course, do not resolve spontaneously, and are rarely completely cured. They do not typically resolve, whether slowly or otherwise, and have a long, predictable course.

The nurse is caring for a young mother who has a longstanding diagnosis of multiple sclerosis (MS). The parent was admitted with a postpartum infection 3 days ago, and the plan is to discharge the client home when the client has finished 5 days of IV antibiotic therapy. What information would be most useful for the nurse to provide at discharge? A. A long discussion and overview of postpartum infections B. How the response to infection never differs in clients with MS C. The same information you would provide to a client without a chronic condition D. Information on effective management of MS in the home setting

ANS: C Rationale: In general, clients with disabilities are in need of the same information as other clients. Infection may exacerbate MS; so a specific discussion about these signs and symptoms is appropriate. Information on home management of MS and a long discussion of postpartum infections has likely been already provided to the client.

A client who has recently been diagnosed with chronic heart failure is being taught by the nurse how to live successfully with the chronic condition. The client's ability to meet this goal will primarily depend on the client's ability to do which of the following? A. Lower the client's expectations for quality of life and level of function. B. Access community services to eventually cure the disease. C. Adapt a lifestyle to accommodate the client's symptoms. D. Establish good rapport with the client's primary care provider.

ANS: C Rationale: Successful management of chronic conditions depends largely on the client's ability to adapt in order to accommodate symptoms. However, telling the client to lower their expectations is a simplistic and negative interpretation of this reality. Rapport is beneficial, but not paramount. A cure is not normally an option.

The nurse navigator is coordinating the transition from the hospital to a rehabilitation facility of a client who had a total hip replacement. Which activity would be an example of the nurse navigator role for this client? A. Ensuring cost-effective care B. Communicating with the medical insurance company C. Educating the client on the goals of rehabilitation D. Providing direct care to the client

ANS: C Rationale: The role of the nurse navigator is to assist clients with transitions in different levels of care, such as from the hospital to a rehabilitation facility. It is the role of a case manager to ensure cost-effective care and to communicate with the medical insurance company. The nurse navigator does not provide direct care to clients.

A client has recently been diagnosed with type 2 diabetes. The client is clinically obese and has a sedentary lifestyle. How can the nurse best begin to help the client increase their activity level? A. Set up appointment times at a local fitness center for the client to attend. B. Have a family member ensure the client follows a suggested exercise plan. C. Construct an exercise program and have the client follow it. D. Identify barriers with the client that inhibit lifestyle changes.

ANS: D Rationale: Identifying barriers that inhibit a lifestyle change will increase the likelihood that these changes will become permanent. Nurses and family members can support and encourage a client to increase their activity but only the client can actually ensure that it occurs. The client may not be ready or willing to accept this lifestyle change.

A major cause of health-related problems is the increase in the incidence of chronic conditions. Which factor has contributed to the increased incidence of chronic diseases in developing countries? A. A decrease in average life expectancy B. Increasing amounts of health research C. A lack of health infrastructure to manage illness D. Adoption of a more sedentary lifestyle, which is increasing obesity

ANS: D Rationale: Obesity is no longer limited to high-income countries but increasingly occurs in less developed countries. By the year 2030, it is estimated that almost half of the world's population will be classified as overweight or obese. There is indeed a lack of health infrastructure in many countries, but this is not cited as the cause of the increased incidence of chronic diseases. In many developing countries, an increase in life expectancy is occurring. Developing countries vary in strength concerning their health infrastructure.

A 37-year-old client with multiple sclerosis is married and has three children. The nurse has worked extensively with the client and family to plan appropriate care. What is the nurse's most important role with this client? A. Ensure the client adheres to all treatments. B. Provide the client with advice on alternative treatment options. C. Provide a detailed plan of activities of daily living (ADLs) for the client. D. Help the client develop strategies to implement treatment regimens.

ANS: D Rationale: The most important role of the nurse working with clients with chronic illness is to help clients develop the strategies needed to implement their treatment regimens and carry out activities of daily living. The nurse cannot ensure the client adheres to all treatments. Providing the client with advice on alternate treatments is a specific option in the broader statement of developing strategies. The nurse does not provide the client with a detailed plan of ADLs, though promotion of ADLs is a priority.

Why is communication important to the assessing step of the nursing process? A) The major focus of assessing is to gather information. B) Assessing is primarily focused on physical findings. C) Assessing involves only nonverbal cues. D) Written information is rarely used in assessment.

Ans: A Feedback: The major focus of assessment is to gather information using both verbal and nonverbal communication forms. Nurses use the written word, the spoken word, and one-to-one communication with clients. Effective communication techniques, as well as observational skills, are used extensively during assessment.

You are admitting a patient to your medical unit after the patient has been transferred from the emergency department. What is your priority nursing action at this time? A) Identifying the immediate needs of the patient B) Checking the admitting physicians orders C) Obtaining a baseline set of vital signs D) Allowing the family to be with the patient

Ans: A Among the nurses important functions in health care delivery, identifying the patient's immediate needs and working in concert with the patient to address them is most important. The other nursing functions are important, but they are not the most important functions.

Nursing is, by necessity,a flexible profession. It has adapted to meet both the expectations and the changing health needs of our aging population. What is one factor that has impacted the need for certified nurse practitioners (CNPs)? A) The increased need for primary care providers B) The need to improve patient diagnostic services C) The push to drive institutional excellence D) The need to decrease the number of medical errors

Ans: A CNPs who are educationally prepared with a population focus in adult-gerontology or pediatrics receive additional focused training in primary care or acute care. CNPs help meet the need for primary care providers. Diagnostic services, institutional excellence,and reduction of medical errors are congruent with the CNP role, but these considerations are the not primary impetus for the increased role for CNPs.

Discharge planning is an integral part of community-health nursing and home health. Which of the following is prioritized in the discharge-planning process? A) Identifying the patients specific needs B) Making social services referral C) Getting physical therapy involved in care D) Notifying the pharmacy of the discharge date

Ans: A The discharge planning process involves identifying the patients needs and developing athorough plan to meet them. The other options might be appropriate for some patients, but they are not all appropriate for every patient.

A homeless client has been brought to the emergency department (ED) by ambulance after being found unresponsive outside a mall. The client is known to the ED staff as having bipolar disorder, and assessment reveals likely cellulitis on his left ankle. He is febrile with a productive cough, and the care team suspects pneumonia. A sputum culture for tuberculosis has been obtained and sent to the laboratory. Which of the following aspects of the client's medical condition would be considered a chronic condition? A) Bipolar disorder B) Pneumonia C) Cellulitis D) Tuberculosis

Ans: A Feedback: Bipolar disorder is a long-standing diagnosis that requires the lifelong education and treatment associated with chronic conditions. Pneumonia, tuberculosis, and cellulitis are all acute, infectious diseases that may be treated with antibiotic regimens of varying length.

What phrase best describes health? A) Individually defined by each person B) Experienced by each person in exactly the same way C) The opposite of illness D) The absence of disease

Ans: A Feedback: Health is individually defined by each person and is affected by many factors. The most widely accepted definition of health is that it is a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being—not the absence of disease or infirmity. Health is experienced differently by each person; it is not the opposite of illness, and does not indicate the absence of disease.

The nurse should utilize SBAR communication (Introduction, Situation, Background, Assessment, Recommendation, Read Back) during which of the following clinical situations? A) When communicating a client's change in condition to the client's physician B) When providing a change-of-shift report to a colleague C) When documenting the care that was provided to a client whose condition recently deteriorated D) When reporting to a client's family member or significant other

Ans: A Feedback: ISBARR communication is an increasingly common tool for interdisciplinary communication. It is not typically used during change-of-shift report nor when communicating with family members. ISBARR is considered a framework for communication rather than a format for documentation.

The nurse is performing a routine assessment of a male client who has an artificial arm as a result of a small plane crash many years earlier. How should the nurse best understand this client's health? A) Despite the loss of his limb, the client may consider himself to be healthy. B) The client may be well, but his loss of limb means that he is unhealthy. C) The loss of his limb prevents the client from achieving wellness, though he may be healthy. D) Because the client's injury is far in the past, it does not have a bearing on his health or wellness.

Ans: A Feedback: Individuals who live with chronic conditions, such as the loss of a limb, may accommodate their condition fully and consider themselves to be healthy and well. This is not a certainty, however, and the passage of time does not guarantee such acceptance.

The nurse managers of a home health care office wish to maximize nurses' freedom to characterize and record client conditions and situations in the nurses' own terms. Which of the following documentation formats is most likely to promote this goal? A) Narrative notes B) SOAP notes C) Focus charting D) Charting by exception

Ans: A Feedback: One of the advantages of a narrative notes model of documentation is that it allows nurses to describe clinical encounters in their own terms, as they understand them. Other documentation formats, such as SOAP notes, focus charting, and charting by exception, are more rigidly delineated and allow nurses less latitude in their documentation.

A student has reviewed a client's chart before beginning assigned care. Which of the following actions violates client confidentiality? A) Writing the client's name on the student care plan B) Providing the instructor with plans for care C) Discussing the medications with a unit nurse D) Providing information to the physician about laboratory data

Ans: A Feedback: Students using client records are bound professionally and ethically to keep in strict confidence all the information they learn from those records. The student may discuss care with the instructor, medications with a staff nurse, and laboratory data with the physician. The student should not use actual client names or other identifiers in written assignments or oral reports.

Which one of the following methods of documentation is organized around client diagnoses rather than around patient information? A) Problem-oriented medical record (POMR) B) Source-oriented record C) PIE charting system D) focus charting

Ans: A Feedback: The POMR is organized around a client's problems rather than around sources of information. With POMERs, all health care professionals record information on the same forms. The advantages of this type of record are that the entire health care team works together in identifying a master list of client problems and contributes collaboratively to the plan of care.

A nurse organizes client data using the SOAP format. Which of the following would be recorded under S of this acronym? A) Client complaints of pain B) Client history C) Client's chief complaint D) Client interventions

Ans: A Feedback: The SOAP format (subjective data, objective data, Assessment [the caregiver's judgment about the situation], plan) is used to organize data entries in the progress notes of the POMR. A client complaint of pain is subjective data (S).

A hospital utilizes the SOAP method of charting. Within this model, which of the nurse's following statements would appear at the beginning of a charting entry? A) Client complaining of abdominal pain rated at 8/10. B) Client is guarding her abdomen and occasionally moaning. C) Client has a history of recent abdominal pain. D) 2 mg Dilaudid PO administered with good effect

Ans: A Feedback: The SOAP method of charting (Subjective data, Objective data, Assessment, Plan) begins with the information provided by the client, such as a complaint of pain. The nurse's objective observations and assessments follow, with interventions, actions, and plans later in the charting entry.

A nurse has drafted an SBAR communication before contacting the primary care provider of a client whose condition has worsened suddenly. How should the nurse best conclude this communication? A) Ask the care provider to come and assess the client. B) Provide the client's most recent vital signs. C) Ask the care provider if he or she is familiar with this client. D) Provide the most likely diagnosis of the problem.

Ans: A Feedback: The final phase of an SBAR communication involves making a recommendation. In the case of a client whose condition is worsening, this may entail recommending that the primary care provider come to assess the client. Asking the care provider if he or she is familiar with the client should be done early in the communication. Providing assessment data and possible diagnoses are addressed in the background and assessment sections of the tool.

The nurse notes that the blood glucose level of a client has increased and is planning to notify the health care provider by telephone. Which of the following techniques would be most appropriate for the nurse to use when communicating with the health care provider? A) ISBAR B) EMAR C) SOAP D) CBE

Ans: A Feedback: The nurse should use ISBAR to communicate verbally to the health care provider. Identify/Introduction, Situation, Background, Assessment, and Recommendation (ISBAR) is the communication tool to provide critical client information to the health care provider. EMAR is Electronic Medication Administration Record, which documents medication administration. SOAP is Subjective, Objective, Assessment, and Plan, which is a progress note that relates to only one health problem. CBE is Charting by Exception and permits the nurse to document only those findings that fall outside the standard of care and norms that have been developed by the institution.

The nurse is preparing a care plan for an African American man age 68 years who was recently diagnosed with hypertension. Age, race, gender, and genetic inheritance are examples of what human dimension? A) Physical B) Emotional C) Environmental D) Sociocultural

Ans: A Feedback: The physical dimension includes genetic inheritance, age, developmental level, race, and gender. These components strongly influence a person's health status and health practices. The emotional dimension focuses on how the mind affects body function and responds to body conditions. The environmental dimension includes influences such as housing, sanitation, climate, and pollution of food, air, and water. Sociocultural dimensions are health practices and beliefs strongly influenced by economic status, lifestyle, family, and culture.

The nurse has entered a client's room and observes that the client is hunched over and appears to be breathing rapidly. What type of question should the nurse first implement in this interaction? A) A yes/no question B) A directing question C) An open-ended question D) A reflective question

Ans: A Feedback: There are times when yes/no questions are appropriate. In this case, the nurse may want to ask, Do you feel short of breath? or something similar. Directing questions and reflective questions follow up on earlier communication. An open-ended question may elicit the necessary assessment data, but a yes/no question accomplishes this goal more directly.

Public health nurse has been commissioned to draft a health promotion program that meets the health care needs and expectations of the community. Which of the following focuses is most likely to influence the nurses choice of interventions? A) Management of chronic conditions and disability B) Increasing need for self-care among a younger population C) Shifting focus to disease management D) An increasing focus on acute conditions and rehabilitation

Ans: A In response to current priorities, health care must focus more on management of chronic conditions and disability than in previous times. The other answers are incorrect because the change in focus of health care is not an increasing need for self-care among our aging population; our focus is shifting away from disease management, not toward it;and we are moving away from the management of acute conditions to managing chronic conditions.

Infection control is a high priority in every setting where nursing care is provided. When performing a home visit, how should the nurse best implement the principles of infection control? A) Perform hand hygiene before and after giving direct patient care. B) Remove the patient's wound dressings from the home promptly. C) Disinfect the patients syringes prior to disposal. D) Establish a sterile field in the patient's home before providing care.

Ans: A Infection control is as important in the home as it is in the hospital, but it can be more challenging in the home and requires creative approaches. As in any situation, it is important to clean ones hands before and after giving direct patient care,even in a home that does not have running water. Removing the wound dressings from the home and disinfecting all work areas in the home are not the best implementations of infection control in the home. Used syringes are never disinfected and a sterile field is not always necessary.

A Nurse on a postsurgical unit is providing care based on a clinical pathway. When performing assessments and interventions with the aid of a pathway, the nurse should prioritize what goal? A) Helping the patient to achieve specific outcomes B) Balancing risks and benefits of interventions C) Documenting the patient's response to therapy D) Staying accountable to the interdisciplinary team

Ans: A Pathways are an EBP tool that is used primarily to move patients toward predetermined outcomes. Documentation,accountability,and balancing risks and benefits are appropriate, but helping the patient achieve outcomes is paramount.

Nursing continues to recognize and participate in collaboration with other health care disciplines to meet the complex needs of the patient. Which of the following is the best example of a collaborative practice model? A) The nurse and the physician jointly making clinical decisions. B) The nurse accompanying the physician on rounds. C) The nurse making a referral on behalf of the patient. D) The nurse attending an appointment with the patient.

Ans: A The collaborative model, or a variation of it, promotes shared participation, responsibility,and accountability in a health care environment that is striving to meet the complex health care needs of the public. The other answers are incorrect because they are not examples of collaborative practice model.

Home health nurse is preparing to make the initial visit to a new patients home. When planning educational interventions, what information should the nurse provide to the patient and his or her family? A) Available community resources to meet their needs B) Information on other patients in the area with similar health care needs C) The nurses contact information and credentials D) Dates and times of all scheduled home care visits

Ans: A The community-based nurse is responsible for informing the patient and family about the community resources available to meet their needs. During initial and subsequent home visits, the nurse helps the patient and family identify these community services and encourages them to contact the appropriate agencies. When appropriate, nurses may make the initial contact. The other answers are incorrect because it is inappropriate to ever provide information on other patients to a patient. The nurses credentials are not normally discussed. Giving the patient the dates and times of their scheduled home visits is appropriate, but may not always be possible. It is more important to provide them with resources available within the community to meet their needs.

A Nurse is speaking to a group of prospective nursing students about what it is like to be a nurse. What is one characteristic the nurse would cite as necessary to possess to be an effective nurse? A) Sensitivity to cultural differences B) Team-focused approach to problem-solving C) Strict adherence to routine D) Ability to face criticism

Ans: A To promote an effective nurse-patient relationship and positive outcomes of care, nursing care must be culturally competent,appropriate,and sensitive to cultural differences. Team-focused nursing and strict adherence to routine are not characteristics needed to be an effective nurse. The ability to handle criticism is important, but to a lesser degree than cultural competence.

An older adult male client is admitted to the cardiac ICU after suffering a heart attack. Upon taking a history after the client is stable, the nurse charts that he weighs over 275 pounds, has a history of heart disease in his family, suffers frequent stress at work, drinks alcohol daily, and smokes two packs of cigarettes daily. What are some modifiable risks factors for this client that has attributed to his heart attack? Select all that apply. A) Alcohol intake B) Smoking C) Stress D) Age E) Family history F) Sex

Ans: A, B, C Feedback: The modifiable risk factors related to this client's heart attack include stress, alcohol intake, and smoking. These are things that a person can change. The others are nonmodifiable, as the client cannot change his age, family history, or sex.

Which of the following statements explains why models of health promotion and illness prevention are useful when planning health care? Select all that apply. A) They help health care providers understand health-related behaviors. B) They are useful for adapting care to people from diverse backgrounds. C) They help overcome barriers related to increased number of people without health care. D) They overcome barriers to care for the predicted downward trend in minority populations. E) They overcome barriers to care for low-income and rural populations.

Ans: A, B, C, E Feedback: Models of why and how individuals carry out behaviors to promote health and prevent illness are useful in helping health care providers understand health-related behaviors, and adapt care to people from diverse economic and cultural backgrounds. This knowledge can be used to overcome barriers to health from disparities in care resulting from such factors as the increasing number of people without health insurance; a predicted upward trend in minority populations; and a lack of accessible and essential health care services for low-income and rural populations. Many people do not take advantage of low-cost screens and health care information.

Which of the following are examples of breaches of client confidentiality? Select all that apply. A) A nurse discusses a client with a coworker in the elevator. B) A nurse shares her computer password with a relative of a client. C) A nurse checks the medical record of a client to see who should be called in an emergency. D) A nurse updates the employer of a client regarding the client's return to work. E) A nurse uses a computer to document a client's response to pain medication.

Ans: A, B, D Feedback: Nurses may use computers to document client data as long as they are not in a public area, and as long as the computer is shut down following the entries. A nurse can also check the medical record for a relative to call in case of an emergency. All the other examples are violations of client confidentiality.

In two days you are scheduled to discharge a patient home after left hip replacement. You have initiated a home health referral and you have met with a team of people who have been involved with this patients discharge planning. Knowing that the patient lives alone, who would be appropriate people to be on the discharge planning team? Select all that apply. A) Home health nurse B) Physical therapist C) Pharmacy technician D) Social worker E) Meal-on-Wheels provider

Ans: A, B, D The development of a comprehensive discharge plan requires collaboration with professionals at both the referring agency and the home care agency,as well as other community agencies that provide specific resources upon discharge. The pharmacy technician does not participate in discharge planning and there is no indication that Meals-on-Wheels are necessary.

Which of the following are examples of incidental disclosures of client health information that are permitted? Select all that apply. A) A nurse working in a physician's office puts out a sign-in sheet for incoming clients. B) Two nurses are overheard talking about a client through the door of an empty client room. C) A nurse places a client chart in a holder on the examining room door with the name facing out. D) A nurse leaves an x-ray on a light board in the hallway that leads to the examining rooms. E) A nurse calls out the name of a client who is seated in the waiting room.

Ans: A, B, E Feedback: Permitted incidental disclosures of PHI include using sign-in sheets without the reason for visit; the possibility of a conversation being overheard if measures are taken to be private; placing a client chart on the door with the face pages facing inward; placing an x-ray on a light board as long as it is not unattended; calling the name of a waiting patient; and leaving appointment reminders on answering machines (provided only a minimal amount of information is given).

Which of the following abbreviations is on the list of the Joint Commission do not use abbreviations? Select all that apply. A) U (unit) B) QD (daily) C) NPO (nothing per os) D) mL (milliliters) E) gt; (greater than)

Ans: A, B, E Feedback: The words unit, daily, greater than and less than should be spelled out. NPO, mL, and mcg are acceptable abbreviations.

A Recent nursing school graduate has chosen to pursue a community nursing position because of increasing opportunities for nurses in community settings. What changes in the healthcare system have created an increased need for nurses to practice in community-based settings? Select all that apply. A) Tighter insurance regulations B) Younger population C) Increased rural population D) Changes in federal legislation E) Decreasing hospital revenues

Ans: A, D, E Changes in federal legislation, tighter insurance regulations, decreasing hospital revenues,and alternative health care delivery systems have also affected the ways in which healthcare is delivered. Our country does not have an increased rural population nor is our population younger.

The public health nurse is presenting a health promotion class to a group of new mothers. How should the nurse best define health? A) Health is being disease free. B) Health is having fulfillment in all domains of life. C) Health is having psychological and physiological harmony. D) Health is being connected in body, mind,and spirit.

Ans: D The World Health Organization (WHO) defines health in the preamble to its constitution as a state of complete physical, mental,and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease and infirmity. The other answers are incorrect because they are not congruent with the WHO definition of health.

Which of the following statements accurately describes the relationship between therapeutic communication and the nursing process? Select all that apply. A) Effective communication techniques, as well as observational skills, are used extensively during the assessment step. B) Only the written word in the form of a medical record is used during the diagnosing step of the nursing process. C) The implementing step requires communication among the client, nurse, and other team members to develop interventions and outcomes. D) Verbal and nonverbal communication are used to educate, counsel, and support clients and their families during the implementation phase. E) Nurses rely on the verbal and nonverbal cues they receive from their clients to evaluate whether client objectives have been achieved.

Ans: A, D, E Feedback: Effective communication techniques, as well as observational skills, are used extensively during the assessment phase, since the major focus of assessment is to gather information in both verbal and nonverbal communication forms. Following the formulation of the nursing diagnoses, the nurse communicates findings to other nursing professionals through the use of the written and spoken word. The planning step requires communication among the client, nurse, and other team members, as mutually agreed-upon outcomes are developed and interventions are determined. Verbal and nonverbal communication are employed to enhance basic caregiving measures and to educate, counsel, and support clients and their families during the implementation phase. Nurses often rely on the verbal and nonverbal cues they receive from their clients to verify whether client objectives have been achieved. Because one nurse cannot provide 24- hour coverage for clients, significant information must be passed on to others through nursing progress notes and care plans (documentation).

5. The view that health and illness are not static states but that they exist on a continuum is central to professional health care systems. When planning care, this view aids the nurse in appreciating which of the following? A) Care should focus primarily on the treatment of disease. B) A Person's state of health is ever-changing. C) A Person can transition from health to illness rapidly. D) Care should focus on the patients compliance with interventions.

Ans: B By viewing health and illness on a continuum, it is possible to consider a person as being neither completely healthy nor completely ill. Instead,a person's state of health is ever-changing and has the potential to range from high-level wellness to extremely poor health and imminent death. The other answers are incorrect because patient care should not focus just on the treatment of disease. Rapid declines in health and compliance with treatment are not key to this view of health.

Nurses have different educational backgrounds and function under many titles in their practice setting. If a nurse practicing in an oncology clinic had the goal of improving patient outcomes and nursing care by influencing the patient, the nurse, and the health care system, what would most accurately describe this nurses title? A) Nursing care expert B) Clinical nurse specialist C) Nurse manager D) Staff nurse

Ans: B Clinical nurse specialists are prepared as specialists who practice within a circumscribed area of care (e.g.,cardiovascular, oncology). They define their roles as having five major components: clinical practice,education, management, consultation,and research. The other answers are incorrect because they are not the most accurate titles for this nurse.

A Nurse is providing care for a patient who is postoperative day one following a bowel resection for the treatment of colorectal cancer. How Can the nurse best exemplify the QSEN competency of quality improvement? A) By liaising with the members of the interdisciplinary care team B) By critically appraising the outcomes of care that is provided C) By integrating the patients preferences into the plan of care D) By documenting care in the electronic health record in a timely fashion

Ans: B Evaluation of outcomes is central to the QSEN competency of quality improvements. Each of the other listed activities is a component of quality nursing care, but none clearly exemplifies quality improvement activities.

Which of the following statements accurately describes the concepts of disease and illness? A) A disease is traditionally diagnosed and treated by a nurse. B) The focus of nurses is the person with an illness. C) A person with an illness cannot be considered healthy. D) Illness is a normal process that affects level of functioning.

Ans: B Feedback: A disease is traditionally diagnosed and treated by a physician (although nurses with advanced educations are increasingly doing so), while nurses focus on the person with an illness. A person may have an illness or injury but still achieves maximum functioning and quality of life, and considers himself or herself to be healthy. Illness is the response of the person to a disease; it is an abnormal process in which the person's level of functioning is changed when compared with a previous level.

In what type of documentation method would a nurse document narrative notes in a nursing section? A) Problem-oriented medical record B) Source-oriented record C) PIE charting system D) Focus charting

Ans: B Feedback: A source-oriented record is one in which each health care group keeps data on its own separate form (e.g., physicians, nurses, and laboratory). Progress notes written by nurses using this method are narrative notes.

A nurse is documenting client information using PIE charting. Which information would the nurse expect to document? A) Client assessment B) Intervention carried out C) Written plan of care D) Multidisciplinary interventions

Ans: B Feedback: In the PIE notes, the nurse documents the problem, intervention and evaluation. Thus the nurse would document the intervention carried out. Client assessment is not a part of the PIE notes, because this information is recorded on flow sheets for each shift. Although the PIE system uses a nursing plan-of-care format, there is no written plan of care. The PIE system is not multidisciplinary; it provides a documentation system for nursing only.

A nurse uses the SBAR method to hand off the communication to the health care team. Which of the following might be listed under the B of the acronym? A) Vital signs B) Mental status C) Client request D) Further testing

Ans: B Feedback: SBAR stands for Situation, Background, Assessment, and Recommendations, and provides a consistent method for hand-off communication that is clear, structured, and easy to use. Vital signs would fall under the category of situation; mental status: background; client request: assessment; further testing: recommendations.

Nurse on a medical-surgical unit has asked to represent the unit on the hospitals quality committee. When describing quality improvement programs to nursing colleagues and members of other health disciplines, what characteristic should the nurse cite? A) These programs establish consequences for health care professionals actions. B) These programs focus on the processes used to provide care. C) These programs identify specific incidents related to quality. D) These programs seek to justify health care costs and systems.

Ans: B Numerous models seek to improve the quality of health care delivery. A commonality among them is a focus on the processes that are used to provide care. Consequences,a focus on incidents,and justification for health care costs are not universal characteristics of quality improvement efforts.

Staff nurses in an ICU setting have noticed that their patients required lower and fewer doses of analgesia when noise levels on the unit were consciously reduced. They informed an advanced practice RN of this and asked the APRN to quantify the effects of noise on the pain levels of hospitalized patients. How Does this demonstrate a role of the APRN? A) Involving patients in their care while hospitalized B) Contributing to the scientific basis of nursing practice C) Critiquing the quality of patient care D) Explaining medical studies to patients and RNs

Ans: B Research is within the purview of the APRN. The activity described does not exemplify explaining studies to RNs,critiquing care, or involving patients in their care.

Within the public health system there has been an increased demand for medical, nursing,and social services. The nurse should recognize what phenomenon as the basis for this increased demand? A) Increased use of complementary and alternative therapies B) The growing number of older adults in the United States C) The rise in income disparity in the United States D) Increasing profit potential for home health services

Ans: B The growing number of older adults in the United States increases the demand for medical, nursing,and social services within the public health system. Income disparities, profit potential,and increased use of complementary therapies do not account for this change.

Home health nurse has completed a visit to a patient and has immediately begun to document the visit. Accurate documentation that is correctly formatted is necessary for which of the following reasons? A) Accurate documentation guarantees that the nurse will not be legally liable for unexpected outcomes. B) Accurate documentation ensures that the agency is correctly reimbursed for the visit. C) Accurate documentation allows the patient to gauge his or her progress over time. D) Accurate documentation facilitates safe delegation of care to unlicensed caregivers.

Ans: B The patients needs and the nursing care provided must be documented to ensure that the agency qualifies for payment for the visit. Medicare, Medicaid,and other third party payers (i.e., organizations that provide reimbursement for services covered under a health care insurance plan) require documentation of the patients homebound status and the need for skilled professional nursing care. Documentation does not guarantee an absence of liability. Documentation is not normally provided to the patient to gauge his or her progress. Documentation is not primarily used to facilitate delegation to unlicensed caregivers.

6. A nurse caring for patients with diabetes knows that the following is a characteristic of a chronic illness: A) It is a temporary change. B) It causes reversible alterations in A&P. C) It requires special patient education for rehabilitation. D) It requires a short period of care or support.

Ans: C

A Nurse is collaborating with a team of community nurses to identify the vision and mission for community care. What is the central focus of community-based nursing? A) Increased health literacy in the community B) Distributing ownership for the health of the community C) Promoting and maintaining the health of individuals and families D) Identifying links between lifestyle and health

Ans: C Community-based nursing practice focuses centrally on promoting and maintaining the health of individuals and families, preventing and minimizing the progression of disease,and improving quality of life. Health literacy is not a goal in itself, but rather a means to promoting health. Distributing ownership and identifying links between lifestyle and health are not the essence of community-based care.

An adult patient is ready to be discharged from the hospital after undergoing a transmetatarsal amputation. When should your patients discharge planning begin? A) The day prior to discharge B) The day of estimated discharge C) The day that the patient is admitted D) Once the nursing care plan has been finalized

Ans: C Discharge planning begins with the patients admission to the hospital and must consider the possible need for follow-up home care. Discharge planning should begin prior to the other listed times.

A nurse in a nursing home is writing a note that addresses the care a resident has received during the day and the resident's response to care. What type of note does this represent? A) PIE note B) Flow sheet C) Narrative note D) SOAP note

Ans: C Feedback: A narrative note in a skilled nursing facility might include the type of morning care, nutritional intake, client activity pattern, and comfort measures provided, along with the client's response.

The nursing instructor has given an assignment to a group of nurse practitioner students. They are to break into groups of four and complete a health-promotion teaching project, then present a report back to their fellow students. What project is the best example of health-promotion teaching? A) Demonstrating an injection technique to a client for anticoagulant therapy B) Explaining the side effects of a medication to an adult client C) Discussing the importance of preventing sexually transmitted disease to a group of 12th-grade students D) Instructing an adolescent client about safe food preparation

Ans: C Feedback: Health promotion encourages people to live a healthy lifestyle and to achieve a high level of wellness. Discussing the importance of STD prevention to a group of 12th-grade students is the best example of a health-promotion teaching project. This makes the other options incorrect.

A nurse has access to computerized standardized plans of care. After printing one for a client, what must be done next? A) Date it and put it in the client's record. B) Sign it and put it in the Kardex. C) Individualize it to the specific client. D) Use it as printed, based on common needs.

Ans: C Feedback: Standardized care plans that identify common problems and needs with relation to select client cohorts may be used. Unless such care plans are individualized to a specific client, however, they may not address individual client needs.

A newly hired nurse is participating in the orientation program for the health care facility. Part of the orientation focuses on the use of the SOAP (subjective, objective, assessment, and plan) method for documentation, which the facility uses. The nurse demonstrates understanding of this method by identifying which of the following as the first step? A) Plan of care B) Data, action, and response C) Problem selected D) Nursing activities during a shift

Ans: C Feedback: The SOAP method begins by selecting a problem from a list. PIE (problems, interventions, and evaluation) notes incorporate the plan of care into the progress notes. Focus DAR notes organizes entries by data, action, and response. The narrative notes are used to record relevant client and nursing activities throughout a shift.

Which of the following data entries follows the recommended guidelines for documenting data? A) Client is overwhelmed by the diagnosis of pancreatic cancer. B) Client's kidneys are producing sufficient amount of measured urine. C) Following oxygen administration, vital signs returned to baseline. D) Client complained about the quality of the nursing care provided on previous shift.

Ans: C Feedback: The nurse should record client findings (observations of behavior) rather than an interpretation of these findings, and avoid words such as good, average, normal, or sufficient, which may mean different things to different readers. The nurse should also avoid generalizations such as seems comfortable today. The nurse should avoid the use of stereotypes or derogatory terms when charting, and should chart in a legally prudent manner.

Nurses in acute care settings must work with other health care team members to maintain quality care while facing pressures to care for patients who are hospitalized for shorter periods of time than in the past. To ensure positive health outcomes when patients return to their homes, what action should the nurse prioritize? A) Promotion of health literacy during hospitalization B) Close communication with insurers C) Thorough and evidence-based discharge planning D) Participation in continuing education initiatives

Ans: C Following discharges that occur after increasingly short hospital stays, nurses in the community care for patients who need high-technology acute care services as well as long-term care in the home. This is dependent on effective discharge planning to a greater degree than continuing education,communication with insurers, or promotion of health literacy.

Home health nurse has been working for several months with a male patient who is receiving rehabilitative services. The nurse is aware that maintaining the patient's confidentiality is a priority. How Can the nurse best protect the patient's right to confidentiality? A) Avoid bringing the patient's medical record to the home. B) Discuss the patient's condition and care only when he is alone in the home. C) Keep the patient's medical record secured at all times. D) Ask the patient to avoid discussing his home care with friends and neighbors.

Ans: C If the nurse carries a patient's medical record into a house, it must be put in a secure place to prevent it from being picked up by others or from being misplaced. This does not mean, however, that it must never be brought to the home. It is not normally necessary to limit discussions to times when the patient is alone. The patient has the right to decide with whom he will discuss his condition and care.

Which of the following most accurately defines illness? A) The inability to carry out normal activities of living B) A pathologic change in mind or body structure or function C) The response of a person to a disease D) Achieving maximum potential and quality of life

Ans: C Illness is the response of a person to a disease, an abnormal process in which one's level of function is changed when compared with the previous level. A disease (a medical term) means there is a pathologic change in the structure or function of the body or mind. Wellness is a term used to describe a person achieving maximum potential and quality of life despite disease or illness.

A Nurse is planning a medical patients care with consideration of Maslow's hierarchy of needs. Within this framework of understanding, what would be the nurses first priority? A) Allowing the family to see a newly admitted patient B) Ambulating the patient in the hallway C) Administering pain medication D) Teaching the patient to self-administer insulin safely

Ans: C In Maslow's hierarchy of needs, pain relief addresses the patients basic physiological need. Activity, such as ambulation, is a higher level need above the physiological need. Allowing the patient to see family addresses a higher level need related to love and belonging. Teaching the patient is also a higher level need related to the desire to know and understand and is not appropriate at this time,as the basic physiological need of pain control must be addressed before the patient can address these higher level needs.

Hospice nurse is caring for a patient who is dying of lymphoma. According to Maslow's hierarchy of needs, what dimension of care should the nurse consider primary in importance when caring for a dying patient? A) Spiritual B) Social C) physiological D) Emotional

Ans: C Maslow Ranked human needs as follows: physiological needs;safety and security; sense of belonging and affection;esteem and self-respect;and self-actualization, which includes self-fulfillment, desire to know and understand,and aesthetic needs. Such a hierarchy of needs is a useful framework that can be applied to the various nursing models for assessment of a patient's strengths, limitations,and need for nursing interventions. The other answers are incorrect because they are not of primary importance when caring for a dying patient, though each should certainly be addressed.

Medical-surgical nurse is aware of the scope of practice as defined in the state where the nurse provides care. This nurses compliance with the nurse practice act demonstrates adherence to which of the following? A) National Council of Nursings guidelines for care B) National League for Nursing's Code of Conduct C) American Nurses Associations Social Policy Statement D) Department of Health and Human Services White Paper on Nursing

Ans: C Nurses have a responsibility to carry out their role as described in the Social Policy Statement to comply with the nurse practice act of the state in which they practice and to comply with the Code of Ethics for Nurses as spelled out by the ANA(2001) and the International Council of Nurses (International Council of Nurses [ICN], 2006). The other answers are incorrect; the Code of Ethics for nursing is not included in the ANAs white paper. The DHHS has not published a white paper on nursing nor has the NLN published specific code of conduct.

Professional nursing expands and grows because of factors driven by the changing needs of health care consumers. Which of the following is a factor that nurses should reflect in the planning and provision of health care? A) Decreased access to health care information by individuals B) Gradual increases in the cultural unity of the American population C) Increasing mean and median age of the American population D) Decreasing consumer expectations related to health care outcomes

Ans: C The decline in birth rate and the increase in lifespan due to improved health care have resulted in fewer school-age children and more senior citizens, many of whom are women. The population has become more culturally diverse as increasing numbers of people from different national backgrounds enter the country. Access to information and consumer expectations continue to increase.

A Recent nursing graduate has been surprised at the sharp contrast between some patients lifestyles in their homes and the nurses own practices and beliefs. To work therapeutically with the patient, what must the nurse do? A) Request another assignment if there is dissonance with the patients lifestyle. B) Ask the patient to come to the agency to receive treatment, if possible. C) Resolve to convey respect for the patients beliefs and choices. D) Try to adapt the patients home to the norms of a hospital environment.

Ans: C To work successfully with patients in any setting, the nurse must be nonjudgmental and convey respect for patients beliefs,even if they differ sharply from the nurses. This can be difficult when a patient's lifestyle involves activities that a nurse considers harmful or unacceptable, such as smoking, use of alcohol, drug abuse, or overeating. The nurse should not request another assignment because of a difference in beliefs, nor do nurses ask for the patient to come to you at the agency to receive treatment. It is also inappropriate to convert the patients home to a hospital-like environment.

Which of the following statements accurately describes how risk factors may increase a person's chances for illness or injury? Select all that apply. A) Risk factors are unrelated to the person or event. B) All risk factors are modifiable. C) An increase in risk factors increases the possibility of illness. D) A family history of breast cancer is not a modifiable risk factor. E) School-aged children are at high risk for communicable diseases.

Ans: C, D, E Feedback: A risk factor is something that increases a person's chances for illness or injury. Like other components of health and illness, risk factors are often interrelated. Risk factors may be further defined as modifiable (able to be changed, such as quitting smoking) or nonmodifiable (unable to be changed, such as a family history of cancer). As the number of risk factors increases, so does the possibility of illness. School-aged children are at high risk for communicable diseases. Multiple sexual relationships increase the risk for sexually transmitted diseases (e.g., gonorrhea or acquired immunodeficiency syndrome AIDS).

You are assessing a new patient and his home environment following the patients referral for community-based care. Which of the following is the most important responsibility that you,as a community-based nurse, have at this initial visit? A) Encourage the patient and his family to become more involved in their community. B) Encourage the patient and his family to delegate someone to contact community resources. C) Encourage the patient and his family to focus primarily on online supports. D) Encourage the patient and his family to connect with appropriate community resources.

Ans: D During initial and subsequent home visits, the nurse helps the patient and family identify community services and encourages them to contact the appropriate agencies. This is preferable to delegating another person to make contact. When appropriate, nurses may make the initial contact. Home-health nurse would not normally encourage the patient to become more involved in the community as a means of promoting health. Online forms of support can be useful, but they are not the sole form of support that most patients need.

What activity in charting will assist most in the avoidance of errors? A) Objectivity B) Organization C) Legibility D) Timeliness

Ans: D Feedback Documentation in a timely manner can help avoid errors.

A nurse is documenting the intensity of a client's pain. What would be the most accurate entry? A) Client complaining of severe pain. B) Client appears to be in a lot of pain and is crying. C) Client states has pain; walking in hall with ease. D) Client states pain is a 9 on a scale of 1 to 10.

Ans: D Feedback: Information should be documented in a complete, accurate, relevant, and factual manner. Avoid interpretations of behavior, generalizations, and words such as good.

A child age 4 years has leukemia but is now in remission. What does it mean to be in remission when one has a chronic illness? A) The chronic disease has been cured. B) Nothing further can be done in terms of treatment. C) Severe symptoms of the chronic illness have reappeared. D) The disease is present, but symptoms are not experienced.

Ans: D Feedback: Many chronic illnesses have periods of remission and exacerbation. During remission, the disease is present but the person does not experience symptoms. During exacerbation, the symptoms of the illness reappear.

The home health nurse is assisting a patient and his family in planning the patients return to work after surgery and the development of postsurgical complications. The nurse is preparing a plan of care that addresses the patients multifaceted needs. To which level of Maslow's hierarchy of basic needs does the patient's need for self fulfillment relate? A) physiological B) Transcendence C) Love and belonging D) Self-actualization

Ans: D Maslow's highest level of human needs is self-actualization, which includes self fulfillment, desire to know and understand,and aesthetic needs. The other answers are incorrect because self-fulfillment does not relate directly to them.

With increases in longevity, people have had to become more knowledgeable about their health and the professional health care that they receive. One outcome of this phenomenon is the development of organized self-care education programs. Which of the following do these programs prioritize? A) Adequate prenatal care B) Government advocacy and lobbying C) Judicious use of online communities D) Management of illness

Ans: D Organized self-care education programs emphasize health promotion, disease prevention, management of illness, self-care,and judicious use of the professional health care system. Prenatal care, lobbying,and Internet activities are secondary.

A Group of nursing students are participating in community health clinic. When providing care in this context, what should the students teach participants about disease prevention? A) It is best achieved through attending self-help groups. B) It is best achieved by reducing psychological stress. C) It is best achieved by being an active participant in the community. D) It is best achieved by exhibiting behaviors that promote health.

Ans: D Today, increasing emphasis is placed on health, health promotion, wellness,and self care. Health is seen as resulting from a lifestyle oriented toward wellness. Nurses in community health clinics do not teach that disease prevention is best achieved through attending self-help groups, by reducing stress, or by being an active participant in the community, though each of these activities is consistent with a healthy lifestyle.

Nurses now have the option to practice in a variety of settings and one of the fastest growing venues of practice for the nurse in today's healthcare environment is home health care. What is the main basis for the growth in this health care setting? A) Chronic nursing shortage B) Western focus on treatment of disease C) Nurses preferences for day shifts instead of evening or night shifts D) Discharge of patients who are more critically ill

Ans: D With shorter hospital stays and increased use of outpatient health care services, more nursing care is provided in the home and community setting. The other answers are incorrect because they are not the basis for the growth in nursing care delivered in the home setting.

More practice questions from the test banks

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