14.5 The Scientfic Revolution

How did the scientific method differ from earlier approaches?

...Made people question the teachings of The Catholic Church., With its emphasis on reasoned observation and systematic measurement, the scientific revolution changed the way people viewed the world and their place in it., It created a more scientific way of thinking and had people start to question the Church and its ways. People started to think more about why things happened and they started to experiment and learn more., People started the question the Church and started to make ideas of their own. This helped people find self-worth in themselves.

Why did the HELIOCENTRIC theory cause uproar amongst the people?

1. It contradicted ancient views of the world. 2. The Church condemned observations by scientists who believed in this theory because Christian teachings of the heavens being fixed, unmoving and perfect were challenged.

What are the 7 steps in the scientific method?

1. State the problem 2. Gather information on the problem 3. Form a hypothesis or educated guess 4. Experiment to test the hypothesis 5. Record and analyze data 6. State a conclusion 7. Repeat the steps

Who was Robert Boyle?

A scientist (in the area of Chemistry) who made the distinction between individual elements and chemical compounds. He explained the effect of temperature and pressure on gases. He opened the way for chemical analysis of the composition of matter.

What area of math did Newton develop?

Calculus

What did the Greek astronomer Ptolemy believe?

He believed the Earth was the center of the universe. This view also matched the teachings of the Church.

What was the Scientific Revolution?

It challenged Ptolemy's and the Churches' beliefs about the Earth being the center of the universe., It was when scientists, during the Renaissance started to find truth thought direct observations rather than only listening to the church. People turned away from the Church for answers.

What did the new scientific method require scientists to do?

It required them to collect and accurately measure data through observations and experiments. To explain their data using hypothesis' and to convert their findings into scientific laws.

Who was Galileo Galilei?

Italian scientist who observed many aspects of the universe with an astronomical telescope that he created. Scholars opposed his ideas b/c they contradicted ancient view of the world. Church opposed his ideas b/c they challenged the church teachings that the heavens were unmoving/fixed/perfect. Was threatened with death by the Inquisition, so avoided it by lying.

What book did Newton publish?

Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy. He said that Nature follows uniform laws and all motion in the universe can be measured and described using Mathematics.

What advances did Newton and other scientists make?

Newton - law of gravity and calculus Chemistry was advanced - could not distinguish between elements and compounds and explain the effect of heat and pressure on gases. Medicine made great advances - human anatomy better defined, ointments developed to prevent infection, stitches, circulation of blood, microorganisms seen and explained as see through an advanced microscope.

What is the new scientific method?

Science now depended upon observation and experimentation NOT on authorities like Aristotle or Ptolemy or the Bible!

What was Nicolaus Copeernicus' revolutionary theory for the model of the universe?

That the universe was - Heliocentric: sun centered. He said the sun stood at the center of the universe and that the Earth was just one of several planets that revolved around the sun.

How did thinkers/scientists like Bacon, Descartes, and Newton advance science?

They applied the scientific method to the pursuit of knowledge. Their work encouraged others to search for scientific laws governing the universe (rather than the Church). This opened the way to the ENLIGHTENMENT of the 1700's.

How did astronomers change the way people viewed the universe?

They developed an observatory, used Astronomy data and mathematics, and developed a telescope to support Copernicus' heliocentric theory of the universe - that the Sun was the center of the universe and that Earth and the other planets orbit (ellipse) around the sun.

What was the Scientific Revolution?

Transformation in thinking that occurred in the 1500's and 1600's caused by scientific observation, experimentation, and questioning of traditional opinions. It changed the way Europeans looked at the world.

How did Newton try to explain the workings of the universe?

Using mathematics, Newton showed that a single force keeps the planets and their orbits around the sun. This is known as GRAVITY.