15.01 Segment 1: Cell Theory, Cell Structure, Cell Transport

Which of the following contain complex, membrane-bound organelles? 1. bacteria 2. viruses 3. eukaryotic 4. prokaryotic

3 only

A specific type of cell is being studied by a scientist. She notices the cell contains a nucleus, lysosomes, a cell membrane and cell wall. What is the correct classification of this cell?

A eukaryotic plant cell

Cell theory was first proposed in 1838. Evidence obtained through additional scientific investigations resulted in the current cell theory. Which statement describes a component of the original cell theory that was removed because of the new scientific knowledge?

Cells form through spontaneous generation.

Which type(s) of cells have genetic material that is contained in a nucleus?

both plant and animal cells

The combined observations of Mattias Schleiden, Theodor Schwann and Rudolph Virchow resulted in the formation of the cell theory. Which of the following is not part of the cell theory?

All cells contain a nucleus. Correct: A Prokaryotic cell does not have a nucleus but it is definitely alive.

Using a microscope in the science lab, Jill observed two unknown cell: Cell 1 and Cell 2. Cell 1 she identified as a plant cell and Cell 2 as an animal cell. Her teacher told her she identified the cells correctly. What did Jill most likely observe to correctly identify the cells?

Cell 1 had a cell wall and Cell 2 did not.

A lab technician needs to determine whether cells in a test tube are prokaryotic or eukaryotic. The technician has several dyes she could use to stain the cells. Four of the dyes are described in the table below: INDICATOR DYE TEST acridine orange stains DNA and RNA osmium tetraoxide stains lipids eosin stains cell cytoplasm Nile Blue stains cell nuclei Which dye could the technician use to determine whether the cells are prokaryotic or eukaryotic?

Nile blue

Cells found in plants and animals have similarities but can differ in function. Consider the following two organisms: a corn plant cell (Zea mays) and a camel cell (Bactrianus ferus). What is the best explanation for the difference in the cellular vacuole size between these two biotic organisms?

The camel cells' have a small vacuole size because it does not need long term water and electrolyte storage

What is the advantage of cells being so small?

The cell then has a larger surface area to volume ratio which means it can move nutrients into the cell and waste out more efficiently.

If a cell's lysosomes were damaged, which of the following would most likely occur?

The cell would be less able to break down molecules in its cytoplasm.

Muscle cells are responsible for obtaining energy so the body can perform voluntary and involuntary movement. Using your knowledge about organelles and muscles, how would a muscle cell differ from other types of animal cells?

The muscle cell would have more mitochondria than the other types of animal cells.

A beaker is divided into two halves, A & B, by a membrane that is freely permeable to the water and NaCl but not to protein. Side A is half-filled with a solution of 8% protein, while side B is half filled with a 2% protein solution. Predict what would happen to side A after a few hours.

The number of water molecules has increased.

Cells can be classified into two different categories: prokaryotic and eukaryotic. Which of the following information is needed in order to determine if an organism is prokaryotic?

The organism's internal structures

A person with swollen gums rinses his mouth with warm salt water, and the swelling decreases. Which of the following has occurred?

The water in the gums has moved out due to the high concentration of salt in the solution.

A plant and an animal are both living things. According to the Cell Theory, what can you conclude about these two very different organisms?

They are both made of one or more cells. Correct: Since they are living things, they must be made up of cells since all living things are made of at least 1 cell.

Look at the cross section of a cell membrane of a eukaryotic cell. H+ ions are being pumped from a low concentration to a high concentration. How do you describe this type of transport across the cell membrane?

active transport

When Streptococcus pneumoniae are exposed to an antibiotic, the bacteria try to pump the antibiotic out of their cells. Which of the following mechanisms is most likely used by the Streptococcus pneumoniae to pump the antibiotic out of their cells?

active transport

Joy took the notes shown below while learning about cells.• Forms boundary between a cell and the outside environment • Controls the movement of materials into and out of the cell• Consists of double layer of phospholipids She forgot to write the name of the cell structure that her class was studying that day. What structure is described in her notes?

cell membrane

In pure water, a red blood cell from an animal will swell and burst, but a leaf cell from a plant will not. Which structure in the leaf cell is responsible for this difference?

cell wall

The cell membrane controls movement of materials into and out of the cell. The following particles are moving from high concentration to low concentration and are using a carrier protein. How would you describe this type of movement across the membrane?

facilitated diffusion

In an emergency trauma room, a doctor accidentally gives a patient a large transfusion of distilled water directly into one of his veins instead of blood. Predict what might happen if distilled water was given to the patient instead of blood.

have serious, perhaps fatal effects because the red blood cells would tend to burst

Carrot sticks that are left in a dish of freshwater for several hours become stiff and hard. Similar sticks left in a saltwater solution become limp and soft. From this we can deduce that the freshwater is ______ and the saltwater is ________ to the cells of the carrot sticks.

hypotonic, hypertonic

The rough endoplasmic reticulum is a cell structure that consists of folded membranes that contain ribosomes. What is the advantage of the folded membranes?

increases surface area in order to produce more proteins

What is the name of the macromolecule that makes up the majority of the cell membrane?

lipid

Which of the following functions does active transport perform in a cell?

moving substances against a concentration gradient

There are some similarities between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. Which of the following structures is found in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

ribosome

Which cell structure is correctly paired with its primary function?

ribosome - protein synthesis

The cell membrane of the red blood cell will allow water, oxygen, and carbon dioxide to pass through. Because other substances are blocked from entering, this membrane is called

semi-permeable

Which invention from the 17th century allowed for the development of modern cell theory?

the light microscope

Which characteristic do most plants have in common?

they are autotrophic