152A Practice Questions

44. A genotype is _____ percent of a person's genetic material. A. 100 B. 50 C. 25 D. 5

A. 100

According to the 2009 Kaiser Family Foundation survey, which of the following groups uses media for the longest time during a day? A. 11- to 14-year-olds B. 15- to 18-year-olds C. 8- to 11-year-olds D. 4- to 7-year-olds

A. 11- to 14-year-olds

A consensus is developing that the key changes in identity are more likely to take place at _____. A. 18 to 25 years of age B. 15 to 17 years of age C. 12 to 15 years of age D. 9 to 12 years of age

A. 18 to 25 years of age

A recent national study revealed that approximately _____ percent of U.S. 15-year-olds met the federal government's exercise recommendations (a minimum of 60 minutes of moderate to vigorous exercise per day). A. 29 B. 50 C. 83 D. 12

A. 29

In the University of Michigan Monitoring the Future Study, _____ percent of high school seniors said they had been in a vehicle with a drugged or drinking driver in the past two weeks. A. 30 B. 70 C. 20 D. 40

A. 30

Based on the 2009 Kaiser Family Foundation survey, adding up the daily media use figures to obtain weekly media use leads to the staggering levels of more than _____ hours a week of media use by 11- to 14-year-olds. A. 60 B. 20 C. 40 D. 100

A. 60

Based on the 2009 survey funded by Kaiser Family Foundation, adding up the daily media use figures to obtain weekly media use leads to the staggering levels of more than _____ hours a week of media use by 11- to 14-year-olds. A. 60 B. 100 C. 10 D. 25

A. 60

In a survey conducted by AARP (2004), _____ percent of the divorced women said they initiated the divorce compared with only _____ percent of the divorced men. A. 66; 41 B. 35; 55 C. 27; 35 D. 72; 38

A. 66; 41

A recent national survey revealed that 63 percent of adults _____ had a hearing loss defined as an inability to hear sounds at frequencies higher than 25 dB with their better ear. A. 70 years and older B. 65 years and older C. 105 years and older D. 100 years and older

A. 70 years and older

31. According to a U.S. national survey, by age 20, _____ percent of U.S. youth have engaged in sexual intercourse. A. 77 B. 62 C. 90 D. 52

A. 77

The oldest-old are individuals who are _____ years and older. A. 85 B. 80 C. 75 D. 70

A. 85

Who amongst the following is most likely to be dissatisfied with body image as pubertal change proceeds? A. A girl in early adolescence B. A girl in late adolescence C. A boy in early adolescence D. A boy in late adolescence

A. A girl in early adolescence

_____ adults describe themselves as securely attached. A. A majority of B. Less than half of C. Very few D. About a quarter of

A. A majority of

According to Levinson, which of the following should occur at the end of one's teens? A. A transition from dependence to independence B. An increase in generativity C. An increase in feelings of stagnation D. A transition from conventional to postconventional reasoning

A. A transition from dependence to independence

Which of the following statements about the trends in juvenile delinquency in the U.S. is NOT true? A. About half of the delinquency caseloads in 2005 involved females. B. Delinquency rates among minority groups are higher than average. C. Delinquency rates among lower-socioeconomic-status youth are especially high. D. Males are more likely to engage in delinquency than are females.

A. About half of the delinquency caseloads in 2005 involved females.

In which of the following groups is death through homicide especially common in adolescence? A. African American males B. Latino males C. Non-Latino White American males D. Asian American males

A. African American males

Among ethnic groups in the United States, _____ have high death rates for stroke, heart disease, lung cancer, and female breast cancer. A. African Americans B. Asian Americans C. Latinos D. Non-Latino Whites

A. African Americans

A recent meta-analysis of seven studies concluded that dietary intakes (not vitamin supplements) of vitamin E, C, and beta-carotene were linked to a reduced risk of _____ disease. A. Alzheimer B. kidney C. cardiovascular D. Parkinson

A. Alzheimer

_____ refers to a lack of menstruation in girls who have reached puberty. A. Amenorrhea B. Anemia C. Menarche D. Anorexia

A. Amenorrhea

Which of the following groups has the highest suicide attempts? A. American Indian/Alaska Native female adolescents B. Asian American/Pacific Islander female adolescents C. Non-Latino White male adolescents D. African American male adolescents

A. American Indian/Alaska Native female adolescents

Which of the following statements is true about obesity? A. Americans are usually more obese than Europeans. B. Sociocultural factors involved in obesity are several times more prevalent among women with high incomes than those with low incomes. C. The obesity rate in American has halved since 1900. D. Japan and Korea have the highest percentages of obese adults in comparison with United States and Mexico.

A. Americans are usually more obese than Europeans.

Which of the following is a consistent finding regarding age identity? A. As adults become older their age identity is younger than their chronological age. B. Most adults feel that their age identity is five years more than their chronological age. C. The age identity of adults is directly proportional to their chronological age. D. Most adults feel that their age identity is much older than their chronological age.

A. As adults become older their age identity is younger than their chronological age.

Recent studies confirmed that _____ individuals showed strong ambivalence toward a romantic partner. A. Attachment-anxious B. Securely attached C. Attachment-avoidant D. Attachment-disorganized

A. Attachment-anxious

According to recent studies, which of the following adults had higher level of sexual satisfaction? A. Attachment-secure adults B. Attachment-avoidant adults C. Attachment-anxious adults D. Attachment-disorganized adults

A. Attachment-secure adults

Which of the following has been found to be TRUE about binge drinking? A. Binge drinking has declined among high school seniors since 1980. B. Binge drinking has increased for students in the eighth grade in recent years. C. Binge drinking has increased for students in the tenth grade in recent years. D. Females engage in more binge drinking than males.

A. Binge drinking has declined among high school seniors since 1980.

100. Which of the following statements regarding chorionic villus sampling (CVS) and amniocentesis is true? A. Both CVS and amniocentesis provide valuable information about the presence of birth defects. B. Both CVS and amniocentesis increase the risk of miscarriage. C. Both CVS and amniocentesis increase the risk of limb deformities in the fetus. D. Amniocentesis allows a decision on abortion to be made sooner than chorionic villus sampling.

A. Both CVS and amniocentesis provide valuable information about the presence of birth defects.

Which theory is similar to the contemporary life-events approach in highlighting the importance of complex setting of people's lives? A. Bronfenbrenner's theory B. Freud's psychoanalytic theory C. Erikson's psychosocial theory D. Piaget's cognitive development theory

A. Bronfenbrenner's theory

Which of the following are the most common chronic disorders for men during middle age? A. Cancer, heart disease, and stroke B. Arthritis, bursitis, and varicose veins C. Hearing and vision impairments D. Sinus and respiratory problems

A. Cancer, heart disease, and stroke

Which of the following is the leading cause of death in the 75 to 84 and 85 and over age groups? A. Cardiovascular disease B. Kidney disease C. Cancer D. Hypertension

A. Cardiovascular disease

Which of the following is true about cigarette smoking? A. Children of smokers are at special risk for respiratory and middle-ear diseases. B. More people smoke today than in the past. C. A small percentage of all living adults who have ever smoked have quit. D. Most adult smokers are unwilling to quit because they are unaware of the dangers of cigarette smoking.

A. Children of smokers are at special risk for respiratory and middle-ear diseases.

90. In which of the following countries is chastity the most important factor in a marriage partner? A. China B. Japan C. Sweden D. Finland

A. China

96. Esperanza is having a prenatal test to remove a small sample of the placenta for genetic testing. Identify the test that her doctor is performing. A. Chorionic villus sampling (CVS) B. Amniocentesis C. Noninvasive prenatal diagnosis (NIPD) D. Triple screen

A. Chorionic villus sampling (CVS)

_____ are small groups that range from 2 to about 12 individuals and average about 5 or 6 individuals. A. Cliques B. Crowds C. Teams D. Squads

A. Cliques

What is the difference between cliques and crowds? A. Cliques are more personal than crowds. B. Cliques contain more members than crowds. C. The formation of crowds is based on friendship, while cliques are based on reputation. D. The members of crowds spend a lot of time together, while the members of cliques do not.

A. Cliques are more personal than crowds.

20. _____ reflects an individual's personal investment in identity. A. Commitment B. Collaboration C. Calling D. Conscientiousness

A. Commitment

Which of the following is the conclusion of the study conducted by Costa and McCrae on approximately 1,000 college-educated men and women aged 20 to 96? A. Considerable stability occurs in the five personality factors. B. Extraversion is the most unstable personality factor. C. While extraversion and openness remained stable, agreeableness and conscientiousness varied greatly. D. The five personality factors were very unstable across different age groups.

A. Considerable stability occurs in the five personality factors.

Which of the following is the last stage of development of romantic relationships in adolescence? A. Consolidating dyadic romantic bonds B. Entry into romantic attractions and affiliations C. Dating in groups, reflecting embeddedness in the peer context D. Exploring romantic relationships

A. Consolidating dyadic romantic bonds

Which of the following is the finding of the longitudinal and cross-sectional assessment of intellectual abilities conducted by Schaie? A. Decline in intellectual abilities was more likely in the cross-sectional assessments than in the longitudinal assessments. B. When assessed longitudinally, inductive reasoning showed a consistent decline in the middle adulthood years. C. When assessed cross-sectionally, inductive reasoning increased until toward the end of middle adulthood. D. People reach a peak in their cognitive functioning for many intellectual skills in early adulthood.

A. Decline in intellectual abilities was more likely in the cross-sectional assessments than in the longitudinal assessments.

Which of the following is an outcome of the reduced blood supply to the eye during late middle-age? A. Decrease in the visual field's size B. Decrease in the eye's blind spot C. Formation of wrinkles under the eyes D. Increase in the size of the pupil

A. Decrease in the visual field's size

Which of the following is at fault in many erectile problems in middle-aged men? A. Diabetes B. Low blood pressure C. Low level of NK cells D. Excessive weight-lifting

A. Diabetes

Which of the following is a result of declining color vision in the green-blue-violet part of the color spectrum? A. Difficulty in accurately matching closely related colors. B. Difficulty in distinguishing between contrasting colors. C. Difficulty in seeing colored objects at a distance. D. Difficulty in seeing objects that are very close.

A. Difficulty in accurately matching closely related colors.

61. Which of the following is an example of chromosomal abnormality that occurs when whole chromosomes do not separate properly during meiosis? A. Down syndrome B. Hemophilia C. Huntington's disease D. Sickle-cell anemia

A. Down syndrome

Why does night driving become especially difficult in late adulthood? A. Due to diminishing sensitivity to contrasts and reduced tolerance for glare. B. Due to the decline in color vision. C. Due to increased tolerance for glare and increased sensitivity to contrasts. D. Due to the expanding area of the visual field.

A. Due to diminishing sensitivity to contrasts and reduced tolerance for glare.

Which of the following statements is true about the health problems among emerging adults? A. Emerging adults have fewer colds and respiratory problems than when they were children. B. Most college students usually have little knowledge about preventing illness and promoting health. C. Emerging adults have more chronic problems than when they were children. D. According to researchers Fatusi & Hindin, in most cases emerging adults are usually healthier than they seem.

A. Emerging adults have fewer colds and respiratory problems than when they were children.

Which of the following types of hormones is most commonly administered during hormone replacement therapy? A. Estrogen B. Testosterone C. Follicle stimulating hormone D. Luteinizing hormone

A. Estrogen

Which of the following biological reasons explains women's increased resistance to infections and degenerative diseases? A. Estrogen production and the additional X chromosome B. Lower cholesterol levels and improved lung function C. Postmenopausal hormone levels and increased body water D. Better osmoregulation and lower trans fat

A. Estrogen production and the additional X chromosome

16. According to Levinson, which of the following is a major task that needs to be mastered in early adulthood? A. Exploring the possibilities for adult living B. Determining one's goals in life C. Testing one's dreams in the real world D. Becoming independent

A. Exploring the possibilities for adult living

Diana is fun-loving, sociable, and affectionate with all her friends and acquaintances. Identify the Big Five personality factor that describes this aspect of Diana's personality. A. Extraversion B. Conscientiousness C. Neuroticism D. Agreeableness

A. Extraversion

Which of the following Big Five personality factors describes whether a person is sociable or retiring? A. Extraversion B. Openness to experience C. Conscientiousness D. Agreeableness

A. Extraversion

Which of the following statement is true about George Vaillant's longitudinal studies of adulthood and aging? A. Factors such as having good coping skills and being thankful were linked with 'happy-well' category. B. Only individuals with normal weight were more likely to be alive and happy at 75 to 80 years of age. C. Intimacy in middle age was more strongly related than generativity whether individuals would have an enduring and happy marriage at 75 to 80 years of age. D. Wealth and income at age 50 were usually linked with being in the "happy-well" category at 75 to 80 years of age.

A. Factors such as having good coping skills and being thankful were linked with 'happy-well' category.

22. _____ is a stage in reproduction whereby an egg and a sperm fuse to create a single cell. A. Fertilization B. Osmosis C. Meiosis D. Mitosis

A. Fertilization

1. Which of the following is a more accurate vision of adolescence? A. For most individuals, adolescence is a time of evaluation, decision making, commitment, and carving out a place in the world. B. For most individuals, adolescence is a time of rebellion, crisis, pathology, and deviance. C. Most adolescents have a brush with juvenile delinquency. D. Very few adolescents contribute positively to their communities and make a successful transition through adolescence.

A. For most individuals, adolescence is a time of evaluation, decision making, commitment, and carving out a place in the world.

16. _____, the units of hereditary information, are short segments of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). They direct cells to reproduce themselves and to assemble proteins. A. Genes B. Chromosomes C. RNA D. Ribosomes

A. Genes

Which of the following is TRUE about Austrian psychiatrist Viktor Frankl? A. He argued that examining the finiteness of our existence and the certainty of death adds meaning to life. B. He said that the two most distinct human qualities are religiousness and philanthropy. C. Spirituality, in his view, has a religious underpinning. D. He argued that freedom refers to a human being's uniqueness of spirit, philosophy, and mind.

A. He argued that examining the finiteness of our existence and the certainty of death adds meaning to life.

Which of the following is an identity status where crisis and commitment are both present? A. Identity achievement B. Identity foreclosure C. Identity moratorium D. Identity diffusion

A. Identity achievement

According to Erik Erikson, which of the following is a precursor to intimacy in romantic relationships during emerging adulthood? A. Identity development in adolescence B. Insecure attachment in childhood C. Postconventional reasoning in childhood D. Postformal thought in adulthood

A. Identity development in adolescence

Which of the following is the identity status where crisis and commitment are both absent? A. Identity diffusion B. Identity foreclosure C. Identity moratorium D. Identity achievement

A. Identity diffusion

10. Which of the following is Erikson's fifth developmental stage? A. Identity versus identity confusion B. Autonomy versus shame and doubt C. Initiative versus guilt D. Intimacy versus isolation

A. Identity versus identity confusion

According to Erik Erikson, which of the following stages is the most important issue to be negotiated in adolescence? A. Identity versus identity confusion B. Industry versus Inferiority C. Intimacy versus isolation D. Autonomy versus shame

A. Identity versus identity confusion

40. With reference to cross-cultural comparisons, which of the following statements about adolescent pregnancies in the U.S. is true? A. In 2012, births to adolescent girls fell to a record low. B. The U.S. adolescent pregnancy rate is much lower than in the Netherlands. C. Adolescents in the U.S. are more sexually active than adolescents in the Netherlands. D. The U.S. adolescent birth rate increased significantly from 2007 to 2009.

A. In 2012, births to adolescent girls fell to a record low.

Which of the following statements is true about cultural contexts of adulthood? A. In many cultures, especially nonindustrialized cultures, the concept of middle age is not very clear, or in some cases is absent. B. In nonindustrialized societies, individuals are always aptly identified and described as middle-aged unlike in industrialized societies. C. Every culture in the world has words for "adolescent" and "young adult." D. Unlike in Gusii culture, midlife crisis is an exception rather than a rule in the American culture.

A. In many cultures, especially nonindustrialized cultures, the concept of middle age is not very clear, or in some cases is absent.

According to research on intergenerational relationships, in which of the following ways is an adult child most likely to be similar to his or her parents? A. In politics B. In lifestyle C. In gender roles D. In work orientation

A. In politics

Which of the following statements is true about diversity in the workplace? A. In the United States, more than one-fourth of today's lawyers, physicians, computer scientists, and chemists are women. B. Women and ethnic minorities are usually able to break through the glass ceiling that aids them to reach to higher rungs on the corporate ladder. C. France has the highest percentage of ethnic diversity in its workplace. D. In the United States, between 1980 and 2004 the percentage of Latinos and Asian Americans halved in the workplace.

A. In the United States, more than one-fourth of today's lawyers, physicians, computer scientists, and chemists are women.

Which of the following statements is true about the various aspects of emerging adulthood? A. Increased freedom that is available to emerging adults in Western society places a premium on the capacity to plan ahead, and make positive choices. B. For many individuals identity exploration in love and work remain stable during this period. C. It usually characterizes development in all cultures. D. Most people have little or no autonomy in running their own lives in this period.

A. Increased freedom that is available to emerging adults in Western society places a premium on the capacity to plan ahead, and make positive choices.

_____ was the main cause of death in the United States until the middle of the twentieth century. A. Infectious disease B. Accident C. Chronic disease D. Homicide

A. Infectious disease

According to Erik Erikson, which of the following is the sixth developmental stage? A. Intimacy versus isolation B. Identity versus identity confusion C. Autonomy versus shame and doubt D. Integrity versus despair

A. Intimacy versus isolation

79. Which of the following is true of phenylketonuria? A. It results from a recessive gene. B. It is a chromosomal disorder. C. It results in death by the age of five. D. It is caused by an accumulation of lipids in the nervous system.

A. It results from a recessive gene.

Who is the founder of the present field of cognitive development? A. Jean Piaget B. Lawrence Kohlberg C. Albert Bandura D. Erik Erikson

A. Jean Piaget

Cholesterol comes in two forms _____ and HDL. A. LDL B. BDL C. GAL D. QUL

A. LDL

_____ is the number of years that the average person born in a particular year will probably live. A. Life expectancy B. Life span C. Longevity D. Life extension

A. Life expectancy

98. Identify a risk related to the use of chorionic villus sampling (CVS) as a prenatal diagnostic test. A. Limb deformity B. Spina bifida C. Down syndrome D. Mental retardation

A. Limb deformity

Which of the following statements about romantic love is true? A. Males show lower anxiety about romantic love than females. B. Females show higher avoidance of romantic love than males. C. Males show higher anxiety about romantic love than females. D. Males and females show the same level of avoidance and anxiety about romantic love.

A. Males show lower anxiety about romantic love than females.

7. Which of the following statements is true about evolutionary developmental psychology? A. Many evolved psychological mechanisms apply only to a specific aspect of a person's makeup. B. The mind is a general-purpose device that can be applied equally to a vast array of problems. C. All behaviors that were adaptive for our prehistoric ancestors serve us well today. D. Evolution has not impacted human development.

A. Many evolved psychological mechanisms apply only to a specific aspect of a person's makeup.

Which of the following factors is NOT associated with an increase in divorce? A. Marrying late in life B. Having a baby prior to marriage C. Low education levels D. Low income

A. Marrying late in life

Which of the following statements is true about sexual attitudes and behavior among men and women? A. Men usually hold stronger permissive attitudes about casual sex than their female counterparts. B. Women usually engage more in pornography use and casual sex than men. C. Women have slightly more sexual experience than men for most aspects of sexuality. D. Latino and Asian males have more permissive sexual attitudes than African males.

A. Men usually hold stronger permissive attitudes about casual sex than their female counterparts.

Which of the following is true of middle-aged and older adults who had poor sibling relationships in childhood? A. Men were more likely to develop depression by age 50. B. Women were more likely to develop depression by 40. C. Both men and women tended to re-bond with their siblings during middle-age. D. Women tended to move away from sibling relationships.

A. Men were more likely to develop depression by age 50.

Karen Fingerman studied the relationship between mothers and their adult daughters. Which of the following was NOT one of her findings? A. Mothers were less invested in the relationships than the daughters. B. Mothers were more invested in the relationship than the daughters. C. Negative comments were infrequent. D. Mothers' and daughters' perception of their visits reflected a combination of individual developmental needs.

A. Mothers were less invested in the relationships than the daughters.

58. Which of the following has been found to be associated with prolonged, intense parent-adolescent conflict? A. Movement out of the home B. High level of academic excellence C. High intelligence quotient D. Regular attendance at religious services

A. Movement out of the home

Which of the following is NOT one of the three major diseases that can impair the vision of older adults? A. Myopia B. Cataract C. Glaucoma D. Macular degeneration

A. Myopia

According to the Big Five factors of personality, which of the following personality supertrait describes whether an individual is either secure or insecure? A. Neuroticism B. Agreeableness C. Openness D. Extraversion

A. Neuroticism

Which of the following is one of the outcomes of the restructuring, downsizing, and outsourcing resulting from globalization? A. Offering incentives to middle-aged employees to retire early B. Encouraging middle-aged professionals to take up entrepreneurship C. Offering incentives to young professionals to outperform middle-aged employees D. Hiring more middle-aged professionals to supervisory and managerial positions

A. Offering incentives to middle-aged employees to retire early

Identify the Big Five personality factor that describes whether a person is independent or conforming. A. Openness to experience B. Extraversion C. Conscientiousness D. Agreeableness

A. Openness to experience

Which of the following statements does the new model of parent-adolescent relationships emphasize? A. Parents serve as important attachment figures and support systems during adolescence. B. Parent-adolescent conflict is intense and stressful throughout adolescence. C. The everyday conflicts that characterize parent-adolescent relationships have a detrimental effect on adolescent development. D. As adolescents mature, they move into a world of autonomy apart from parents.

A. Parents serve as important attachment figures and support systems during adolescence.

Severe reductions in the production of dopamine have been linked with: A. Parkinson disease. B. Alzheimer disease. C. dementia other than Alzheimer disease. D. brain cancer.

A. Parkinson disease.

Which of the following is another name for romantic love? A. Passionate love B. Affectionate love C. Companionate love D. Consummate love

A. Passionate love

Which of the following scenarios will most likely aid an child to be outgoing, sociable, and emotionally stable as an adult? A. Peer groups with other inhibited children with common interests, so the child feels accepted B. Child continuously encounters noisy, chaotic environments that allow no escape from stimulation C. Caregivers who use inappropriate "low-level control" and attempt to force the child into new situations D. School being "overmanned," so inhibited children are less likely to be tolerated and more likely to feel undervalued

A. Peer groups with other inhibited children with common interests, so the child feels accepted

Many of the cognitive changes thought to influence religious development involve: A. Piaget's cognitive developmental theory. B. Erikson's psychosocial theory. C. Freud's psychoanalytic theory. D. Lorenz's ethological theory.

A. Piaget's cognitive developmental theory.

According to studies, which of the following is one of the most common sexual problems of older men? A. Premature ejaculation B. Partner non-cooperation C. Lack of foreplay D. Lubrication difficulties

A. Premature ejaculation

George wants to ensure that his sons become competent decision makers. Which of the following is a strategy you would suggest for improving their decision making? A. Provide more opportunities for them to engage in role playing and peer group problem solving. B. Encourage the presence of peers in risk-taking situations. C. Supply contexts where substances and other temptations are readily available, testing their willingness to make risky decisions. D. Keep them in a sequestered environment where they will not have to face decision-making in real-world contexts.

A. Provide more opportunities for them to engage in role playing and peer group problem solving.

Which of the following is the term Erik Erikson uses to describe the gap between childhood security and adult autonomy? A. Psychosocial moratorium B. Sociological amnesty C. Societal moratorium D. Behavioral reprieve

A. Psychosocial moratorium

Which of the following is a common way to assess speed of information processing? A. Reaction-time task B. Phonic simulation C. Visual perception test D. Neuropsychological test

A. Reaction-time task

Which of the following is most likely to cause difficulty for a middle-aged adult without glasses? A. Reading a newspaper B. Watching TV C. Reading an eye chart 20 feet away D. Reading a road sign during the day

A. Reading a newspaper

Which of the following is a difference between formal operational thought and postformal thought? A. Realistic thinking B. Abstract thinking C. Logical thinking D. Idealistic thinking

A. Realistic thinking

Which of the following statements is true about the impact of unemployment on an individual? A. Researchers have found that unemployment is related to homicide. B. Life satisfaction drops considerably following unemployment and completely returns upon reemployment. C. Temporary unemployment is the only scenario in which stress is not experienced. D. Marital difficulties decline significantly following unemployment.

A. Researchers have found that unemployment is related to homicide.

Compared to the relationships established in person, what is the significant finding about romantic relationships initiated over the Internet? A. Romantic relationships initiated on the Internet are more likely than relationships established in person to last for more than two years B. In contrast to popular belief, intentional misrepresentation of self over the Internet is very rare. C. Women were found to be more dishonest than men. D. Romantic relationships established in person have been found to last longer than those established over the Internet.

A. Romantic relationships initiated on the Internet are more likely than relationships established in person to last for more than two years

Which of the following attachment styles is characterized by more satisfaction in close relationships? A. Secure attachment style B. Avoidant attachment style C. Anxious attachment style D. Disorganized attachment style

A. Secure attachment style

_____ adults have positive views of relationships, find it easy to get close to others, and are not overly concerned with or stressed out about their romantic relationships. A. Securely attached B. Attachment-anxious C. Attachment-avoidant D. Securely detached

A. Securely attached

_____ learning is a form of education that promotes social responsibility and service to the community. A. Service B. Social C. Collaborative D. Cooperative

A. Service

Which of the following statements is true about sexual harassment? A. Sexual harassment of men by women also occurs but to a far lesser extent than sexual harassment of women by men. B. Gestures such as patting and brushing against another person's body are different from sexual harassment. C. Sexual harassment is absent in any educational setting. D. Sexual harassment is synonymous with rape but excludes blatant sexual remarks and propositions.

A. Sexual harassment of men by women also occurs but to a far lesser extent than sexual harassment of women by men.

Maggie is 14 years old and has not yet matured physically. According to recent research, which of the following will be most likely to occur by the time Maggie reaches tenth grade? A. She will be more satisfied with her figure than early-maturing girls. B. She will be less satisfied with her figure than early-maturing girls. C. She will be more likely to have an eating disorder than early-maturing girls. D. She will be more likely to drop out of school than early-maturing girls.

A. She will be more satisfied with her figure than early-maturing girls.

Which of the following countries had the lowest estimated life expectancy in 2011? A. South Africa B. Singapore C. Japan D. United States

A. South Africa

38. _____ genes are those that make the individual more vulnerable to specific diseases or acceleration of aging. A. Susceptibility B. Longevity C. Vulnerability D. Mutated

A. Susceptibility

39. Ethel is 50 years old but appears much more aged. Most of Ethel's relatives have not lived past the age of 60. Which of the following genes are responsible for the accelerated aging that is observed in Ethel and her family members? A. Susceptibility genes B. Longevity genes C. Vulnerability genes D. Mutated genes

A. Susceptibility genes

_____ is a hormone associated in boys with genital development, increased height, and deepening of the voice. A. Testosterone B. Estrogen C. Estradiol D. Progestin

A. Testosterone

According to a recent international comparison of 33 developed countries conducted by the OECD, which of the following countries was found to have the highest percentage of obese adults? A. The United States B. Italy C. Norway D. Japan

A. The United States

Which of the following statements about menopause is NOT true? A. The age at which menopause occurs has increased dramatically in recent years. B. There is no correlation between the onset of menarche and the onset of menopause. C. Perimenopause can take up to ten years. D. Later menopause is linked with increased risk of breast cancer.

A. The age at which menopause occurs has increased dramatically in recent years.

Which of the following statements is true about seekers? A. The category of seekers usually shrinks and is dominated by men after many people became more secure or satisfied in their single life. B. People in this category often spent more time in singles bars and had more casual sex than their counterparts in the other divorce categories. C. They are otherwise known as the competent loners. D. Individuals in this category had problems before their divorce, and these problems increased after the breakup when the added stress of a failed marriage was more than they could handle.

A. The category of seekers usually shrinks and is dominated by men after many people became more secure or satisfied in their single life.

Roy Baumeister and Kathleen Vohs believe that a meaningful life can be understood in terms of four main needs. Which of the following is NOT one of those needs? A. The need for shelter B. The need for purpose C. The need for values D. The need for self-worth

A. The need for shelter

Which of the following statements about the onset of menarche and menopause is TRUE? A. The timing of menarche has significantly decreased in the twentieth century. B. The average age at which U.S. women have their last period is 61. C. Women who reported early menarche were prone to have earlier menopause. D. In menarche, production of estrogen by the ovaries declines dramatically.

A. The timing of menarche has significantly decreased in the twentieth century.

Which of the following is true about antioxidants? A. There still are many uncertainties about the role of antioxidant vitamins in health. B. Recent research reviews have supported the belief that antioxidant vitamin supplements can reduce the incidence of cancer. C. A recent meta-analysis of seven studies concluded that dietary intakes (not vitamin supplements) of vitamin E, C, and beta-carotene were not linked to a reduced risk of Alzheimer disease. D. Recent research reviews have not supported the belief that antioxidant vitamin supplements can reduce the incidence of cardiovascular diseases.

A. There still are many uncertainties about the role of antioxidant vitamins in health.

Which of the following is a similarity between anorexics and bulimics? A. They are highly perfectionistic. B. They are severely underweight. C. They have a positive body image. D. They have a fear of weight loss.

A. They are highly perfectionistic.

82. What is John Clausen's (one of the researchers in the Berkeley Longitudinal Studies) criticism about the adult stage theories? A. Too much attention has been given to the discontinuities in life. B. Most people actually have stable, continuous lives with little change. C. Personality is actually characterized by change, not stability. D. Life changes do not follow through in stages, but rather in a continuum.

A. Too much attention has been given to the discontinuities in life.

75. Which of the following statements about Turner syndrome is true? A. Turner syndrome occurs exclusively in females. B. People with Turner syndrome have extremely poor verbal ability. C. Males with Turner syndrome are short in stature and have webbed neck. D. Turner syndrome occurs in approximately 1 of every 25,000 live female births.

A. Turner syndrome occurs exclusively in females.

Which of the following is a problem that can plague cross-gender friendships? A. Unclear sexual boundaries B. Lack of intimacy C. Lack of trust D. Learning about shared characteristics

A. Unclear sexual boundaries

Which of the following acts as the focus of stage theories trying to explain midlife? A. Universals of adult personality development B. Gender differences in adult personality development C. Individual variations in adult development D. Cultural variations in adult personality development

A. Universals of adult personality development

According to the Seattle Longitudinal Study of individuals aged 25 to 95, which of the following abilities showed the least decline with age? A. Verbal comprehension B. Spatial orientation C. Inductive reasoning D. Numerical abilities

A. Verbal comprehension

_____ refers to the ability to understand ideas expressed in words. A. Verbal comprehension B. Verbal memory C. Implicit memory D. Spatial orientation

A. Verbal comprehension

According to a national survey in 2012, which of the following is the primary way that most adolescents connect with parents? A. Voice mailing B. Instant messaging C. E-mailing D. Text messaging

A. Voice mailing

Which of the following is NOT one of the steps toward a more creative life as identified by Csikszentmihalyi? A. Wake up in the morning without a specific goal to look forward to. B. When something sparks your interest, follow it. C. Try to be surprised by something every day. D. Try to surprise at least one person every day.

A. Wake up in the morning without a specific goal to look forward to.

Which of the following statements is TRUE about metabolic syndrome? A. Weight loss and exercise are strongly recommended as part of the treatment of metabolic syndrome. B. Metabolic syndrome usually reduces any risk of diabetes or any other cardiovascular disease. C. Metabolic syndrome often leads to anorexia nervosa. D. Waist circumference is the least recommended method in predicting metabolic syndrome.

A. Weight loss and exercise are strongly recommended as part of the treatment of metabolic syndrome.

Which of the following statements about cardiovascular disease is TRUE? A. When HDL is high and LDL is low, the risk of cardiovascular disease is lessened. B. When HDL is high and LDL is low, the risk of cardiovascular disease is increased. C. When HDL is low and LDL is high, the risk of cardiovascular disease is lessened. D. When both HDL and LDL are low, the risk of cardiovascular disease is lessened.

A. When HDL is high and LDL is low, the risk of cardiovascular disease is lessened.

Which of the following statements is true about working while in college? A. Working more hours results in a decline in grades. B. Working while in college has largely positive effects. C. Working while in college is to be discouraged as it does not contribute to education in any way. D. College students who work more hours have better grades then those who do not work.

A. Working more hours results in a decline in grades.

There has been _____ in the number of cohabiting U.S. couples since 1970. A. a dramatic increase B. little change C. a huge fall D. a steady rise

A. a dramatic increase

Exercise is related to all of the following positive outcomes in adolescence, EXCEPT: A. a lower incidence of type I diabetes. B. reduced triglyceride levels. C. lower blood pressure. D. normal weight status.

A. a lower incidence of type I diabetes.

In a longitudinal study of individuals from their early thirties through their late sixties/early seventies showed that: A. a significant increase in spirituality occurred between late middle and late adulthood. B. spirituality peaked in late middle adulthood. C. there was no significant change in spirituality from late middle to late adulthood. D. a dramatic decrease in spirituality occurred between late middle and late adulthood.

A. a significant increase in spirituality occurred between late middle and late adulthood.

35. Melody and Harmony are identical twins. This means that they developed from: A. a single egg that was fertilized by a single sperm. B. a single egg that was fertilized by two different sperms. C. two eggs that were fertilized by a single sperm. D. two eggs that were fertilized by two different sperms.

A. a single egg that was fertilized by a single sperm.

When women experience stress, they are more likely to engage in: A. a tend-and-befriend pattern. B. an aggressive behavior. C. a fight-or-flight response. D. social distancing.

A. a tend-and-befriend pattern.

3. If a baboon learns to eat many different kinds of fruit instead of relying on only one kind for its nutritive needs, we would argue that this behavior promotes its survival. Thus, the behavior is _____. A. adaptive B. aggressive C. dominant D. submissive

A. adaptive

George Vaillant concludes that _____ is a time for detecting parental flaws and discovering the truth about childhood. A. adolescence B. late adulthood C. middle adulthood D. old age

A. adolescence

76. Early interest in the XYY syndrome focused on the belief that the extra Y chromosome found in some males contributed to _____. However, subsequent research has proved this to be _____. A. aggression and violence; false B. aggression and violence; true C. impotence; false D. impotence; true

A. aggression and violence; false

According to research by Donnellan, Larsen-Rife, and Conger, individuals high on _____ were more likely to have satisfying romantic relationships. A. agreeableness B. neuroticism C. extraversion D. openness

A. agreeableness

A study conducted by Grant, Wardle, & Steptoe explored links between health behavior and life satisfaction in more than 17,000 individuals between 17 to 30 years of age in 21 countries. The young adults' life satisfaction was NOT found to be positively related to _____. A. alcohol consumption B. limiting fat intake C. using sun protection D. eating fruits

A. alcohol consumption

When faced with external challenges such as stressful situations, the human body adapts by altering internal physiological processes in a process known as _____. A. allostasis B. homeostasis C. peristalsis D. transcription

A. allostasis

Katie weighs less than 85 percent of what is considered normal for her age and height. Yet, she sees herself as too fat and starves to become thinner. Katie most likely suffers from: A. anorexia nervosa. B. bulimia nervosa. C. sickle-cell anemia. D. hypochondria.

A. anorexia nervosa.

A number of leading experts on adolescent sexuality conclude that abstinence-only programs: A. are less effective at reducing the risk of adolescent pregnancy than sex-education programs. B. prevent adolescent pregnancies better than sex-education programs emphasizing contraceptive knowledge. C. are more effective at reducing the risk of sexually transmitted infections than sex-education programs. D. provide useful knowledge about safe sex to sexually active adolescents.

A. are less effective at reducing the risk of adolescent pregnancy than sex-education programs.

57. Compared to men, women have a higher incidence of _____ during middle age. A. arthritis B. hypertension C. stroke D. cardiovascular disease

A. arthritis

65. Human embryos must possess _____ to be viable. A. at least one X chromosome B. two Y chromosomes C. at least one Y chromosome D. three Y chromosomes

A. at least one X chromosome

A recent study of college students from low-SES backgrounds and high-SES backgrounds conducted by VanKim & Laska showed that college students from low-SES backgrounds _____ than their higher-SES counterparts. A. ate more fast food and less fruits/vegetables B. showed healthy weight control C. engaged in higher levels of physical activity D. had a more balanced diet

A. ate more fast food and less fruits/vegetables

Most of us reach our peak physical performance: A. before the age of 30, often between the ages of 19 and 26. B. often between the ages of 15 and 22. C. before the age of 20. D. before the age of 22, often between the ages of 14 and 19.

A. before the age of 30, often between the ages of 19 and 26.

Most adolescents from ethnic minority groups develop a _____ identity. A. bicultural B. additive C. multiplicative D. mono-cultural

A. bicultural

Abdiel has had three children, according to Erikson, he has achieved: A. biological generativity. B. parental generativity. C. biological stagnation. D. cultural stagnation.

A. biological generativity.

54. A recessive gene exerts its influence only if: A. both genes in a pair are recessive. B. it is the stronger gene. C. the environment is right. D. the dominant gene is also present in the pair.

A. both genes in a pair are recessive.

In late adulthood: A. both men and women get shorter. B. men get shorter, but women do not get shorter. C. women get shorter, but men do not get shorter. D. only individuals with osteoporosis, men or women, get shorter.

A. both men and women get shorter.

Felicia is an American between 65 and 74 years of age. Her doctor should be most concerned about her developing _____, the leading cause of death for her age group. A. cancer B. influenza C. lung disease D. cardiovascular disease

A. cancer

The majority of sibling relationships in adulthood are _____. A. close B. neutral C. apathetic D. distant

A. close

64. According to Robert J. Sternberg's triarchic theory of love, _____ is the cognitive appraisal of the relationship and the intent to maintain the relationship even in the face of problems. A. commitment B. intimacy C. attachment D. passion

A. commitment

The _____ life-events approach emphasized the manner in which life events that influence an individual's development depends not only on these events but also on mediating factors. A. contemporary B. standard C. cognitive D. assimilative

A. contemporary

The majority of older adults aged 80 and over: A. continue to live in the community. B. are institutionalized. C. report that their health is excellent or good. D. have major health problems that limit their activity.

A. continue to live in the community.

Anorexic people use food as a means of: A. control. B. reward. C. punishment. D. gaining popularity.

A. control.

Daniel Levinson's studies suggest that most adults feel that middle age is a time of: A. crisis. B. reconsolidation. C. peace and tranquility. D. intimacy and social closeness.

A. crisis.

86. Samantha has been diagnosed with _____, which is a glandular dysfunction that interferes with mucus production. A. cystic fibrosis B. Huntington's disease C. phenylketonuria D. Tay-Sachs disease

A. cystic fibrosis

According to the study by Lloyd Johnston and his colleagues at the Institute of Social Research at the University of Michigan monitoring the drug use of America's high school seniors in a wide range of public and private high schools, the percentage of illicit drug use: A. declined in the late 1990s. B. was highest during the early 1990s. C. has been at the same level since 1990. D. increased significantly between 2000 and 2005.

A. declined in the late 1990s.

According to E. Mavis Hetherington, the _____ are most likely to face difficulty coping with divorce because divorce caused them a spouse who had supported them. A. defeated B. competent loners C. enhancers D. good-enoughs

A. defeated

It is common in nonindustrialized societies to: A. describe individuals as young or old but not as middle-aged. B. describe individuals as middle-aged. C. not have any words for old or young. D. not give much importance to an individual's age.

A. describe individuals as young or old but not as middle-aged.

The National Longitudinal Study on Adolescent Health of more than 12,000 adolescents found that those who _____ had dramatically higher rates of smoking, drinking, using marijuana, getting into fights, and initiating sexual activity. A. did not eat dinner with a parent five or more days a week B. did not eat dinner with a parent one or two days a week C. ate dinner with a parent all seven days of the week D. ate dinner with a parent five or more days a week

A. did not eat dinner with a parent five or more days a week

6. According to evolutionary developmental psychologists, many evolved psychological mechanisms are _____. That is, the mechanisms apply only to a specific aspect of a person's makeup. A. domain-specific B. maladjusted C. non-operational D. unconditional

A. domain-specific

51. Mary's mother has blonde hair and her father has brown hair. Mary has a gene for brown hair and a gene for blonde hair. She has brown hair. This indicates that the gene for brown hair is a(n) _____. A. dominant gene B. recessive gene C. susceptible gene D. longevity gene

A. dominant gene

Conflict with parents often escalates during: A. early adolescence. B. middle adolescence. C. late adolescence. D. the college years.

A. early adolescence.

A number of college and universities describe the "red zone" as a period of time _____ of college when women are at especially high risk for unwanted sexual experiences. A. early in the first year B. late in the last year C. around the second year D. in the second and third year

A. early in the first year

5. Public attitudes about adolescence: A. emerge from a combination of personal experience and media portrayals. B. reflect an objective picture of how normal adolescents develop. C. portray today's adolescents as less troubled, less self-centered, less assertive, and less adventurous than in the past. D. paint an unrealistically positive picture of adolescents.

A. emerge from a combination of personal experience and media portrayals.

112. In E. Mavis Hetherington's research, the _____ were characterized by divorcees who were competent in multiple areas of life, showing a remarkable ability to bounce back from stressful circumstances and to create something meaningful out of problems. A. enhancers B. seekers C. libertines D. good-enoughs

A. enhancers

Orthodox Jews and Mormons have especially low rates of alcohol use, underscoring the: A. environment's role in alcoholism. B. role of genes in alcoholism. C. fact that alcoholism is largely inherited. D. fact that cultural variations do not impact alcoholism.

A. environment's role in alcoholism.

The human genome has not changed markedly in the last century, yet obesity has noticeably increased. This indicates that: A. environmental factors play an important role in obesity. B. obesity is primarily a product of a person's genes. C. environmental factors have little impact on obesity. D. there is reduced reliance on energy-saving devices.

A. environmental factors play an important role in obesity.

124. The _____ view states that development is the result of an ongoing, bidirectional interchange between heredity and the environment. A. epigenetic B. biosocial C. sociogenetic D. congenital

A. epigenetic

If adolescents fail to develop close friendships, they: A. experience loneliness and a reduced sense of self-worth. B. develop healthier self-esteem as adults than their peers. C. engage in less delinquent behavior. D. become more social as they grow older.

A. experience loneliness and a reduced sense of self-worth.

Conflicts arise between parents and adolescents because: A. few parents anticipate how strongly their adolescent will push for autonomy and responsibility. B. while parents want autonomy, adolescents want a connection. C. parents want their adolescents to push the boundaries, while adolescents want to maintain the status quo. D. parents want to relinquish all of their control over their adolescent.

A. few parents anticipate how strongly their adolescent will push for autonomy and responsibility.

88. John Horn maintains that in middle adulthood, _____ intelligence continues to increase. A. fluid B. semantic C. crystallized D. multiple

A. fluid

According to John Horn, _____ steadily declines from middle adulthood onward. A. fluid intelligence B. crystallized intelligence C. verbal memory D. kinesthetic intelligence

A. fluid intelligence

Identity _____ is the status of individuals who have made a commitment but not experienced a crisis. A. foreclosure B. moratorium C. achievement D. diffusion

A. foreclosure

Jasper's grandparents show a strong interest in all their grandchildren but are careful not to give child-rearing advice. They are using the _____ style of grandparenting. A. formal B. remote C. fun-seeking D. distant

A. formal

According to Jean Piaget, at approximately 11 to 15 years of age, adolescents enter the _____ stage of cognitive development. A. formal operational B. concrete operational C. preoperational D. sensorimotor

A. formal operational

According to Piaget, the _____ stage of cognitive development characterizes adults as well as adolescents. A. formal operational B. concrete operational C. sensorimotor D. preoperational

A. formal operational

During the beginning of the _____ stage, when assimilation dominates, an adolescent's thoughts are full of idealism and possibilities. A. formal operational B. preconventional reasoning C. concrete operational D. conventional reasoning

A. formal operational

George Vaillant concludes that the _____ are a decade of reassessing and recording the truth about the adolescent and adulthood years. A. forties B. fifties C. sixties D. thirties

A. forties

69. Tristan has a genetic disorder that results from an abnormality in the X chromosome, which becomes constricted and often breaks. His doctor informed Tristan's mother that he has: A. fragile X syndrome. B. XYY syndrome. C. Turner syndrome. D. Tay-Sach's disease.

A. fragile X syndrome.

87. According to George Vaillant's longitudinal studies, _____ in middle age was more strongly related than intimacy to whether individuals would have an enduring and happy marriage at 75 to 80 years of age. A. generativity B. stagnation C. autonomy D. traditional gender role

A. generativity

In a longitudinal study of Smith College women, the desire for _____ increased as the participants aged from their thirties to their fifties. A. generativity B. self-concept C. stagnation D. self-absorption

A. generativity

59. Vivanta has been diagnosed with Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome, a growth disorder, which the doctor has indicated could be a result of _____ going awry. A. genetic imprinting B. polygenic inheritance C. sex-linked genes D. chromosomes

A. genetic imprinting

Jake has been diagnosed with a condition characterized by damage to the optic nerve due to buildup of fluid in the eye. So Jake is suffering from _____. A. glaucoma B. cataracts C. retinopathy D. macular degeneration

A. glaucoma

Cynthia is 91 years old. Doctors have found that Cynthis's optic nerves have been damaged due to accumulation of fluid in the eye. Cynthia is worried that she will lose her vision, but the doctor has told her that her condition can be treated with eye drops. The disease that has marred Cynthia's vision is: A. glaucoma. B. cataracts. C. retinopathy. D. macular degeneration.

A. glaucoma.

In the sixth grade, early-maturing girls show _____ with their figures than do late-maturing girls, but by the tenth grade late-maturing girls are more _____. A. greater satisfaction; satisfied B. less confidence; conflicted C. greater preoccupation; preoccupied D. more unhappiness; unhappy

A. greater satisfaction; satisfied

According to a recent study of 8- to 12-year-old girls, a higher level of face-to-face communication was associated with: A. greater social success. B. identity confusion. C. having fewer friends. D. delinquent behavior.

A. greater social success.

Cohorts refer to: A. groups of individuals born in the same year or time period. B. groups of individuals who have the same socioeconomic status. C. individuals of the same gender. D. individuals who are working in the same field.

A. groups of individuals born in the same year or time period.

According to a study by Coleman that compared the brains of adults at various ages, from the forties through the seventies, the: A. growth of dendrites increased. B. growth of dendrites decreased. C. number of axons increased. D. number of neurons increased.

A. growth of dendrites increased.

Your elderly aunt Marie was recently admitted to a nursing home where there is a "residents' advisory board," consisting of the people who live in the home. They consult with the staff on changes that affect their lives and help plan the monthly activities. Based on a research by Judith Rodin and Ellen Langer, you would expect that her to be: A. happier than she was when she did not have any input into decisions affecting her life. B. stressed by having to make decisions; that's what she pays the staff to do. C. even more depressed that she is not able to live on her own any more. D. apathetic about what happens to her.

A. happier than she was when she did not have any input into decisions affecting her life.

Sandra's mother is concerned about Sandra's lack of interest in marrying and having children. She told Sandra, "When I was your age, I had already found a good husband and settled down." Sandra and her mother: A. have different social clocks. B. have different coping styles. C. have different commitment levels. D. are in different developmental stages.

A. have different social clocks.

Bill wants to know how he can prevent drug abuse by his adolescent son. You would suggest that Bill: A. have family dinners most nights of the week. B. discourage his son from making more friends at school. C. engage in lesser parental monitoring and control. D. cease to emphasize educational success.

A. have family dinners most nights of the week.

84. Patrick suffers from _____, a genetic abnormality in which delayed blood clotting causes internal and external bleeding. A. hemophilia B. phenylketonuria C. sickle-cell anemia D. Tay-Sachs disease

A. hemophilia

The _____ is involved in memory. A. hippocampus B. amygdala C. prefrontal cortex D. olfactory bulb

A. hippocampus

In the United States, the most widely recognized marker of entry into adulthood is: A. holding a permanent, full-time job. B. moving into one's own home. C. getting married. D. having a child.

A. holding a permanent, full-time job.

A meta-analysis revealed a positive link between _____ and intimacy, with the connection being stronger for men than women. A. identity development B. insecure attachment C. postformal thought D. postconventional reasoning

A. identity development

In Erik Erikson's theory, adults strive for generativity to achieve a sense of _____. A. immortality B. recognition C. achievement D. omniscience

A. immortality

One of the benefits of a good marriage is: A. increased longevity. B. more financial security. C. an improved gender identity. D. improved social relations.

A. increased longevity.

A national study of U.S. adolescents revealed that physical activity: A. increased until 13 years of age but then declined through 18 years of age. B. in childhood and early adolescence would persist through to adulthood. C. increased until 13 years of age and then remained stable throughout adulthood. D. decreased until 13 years of age and then stabilized to last through 18 years of age.

A. increased until 13 years of age but then declined through 18 years of age.

According to the contemporary life-events approach, the influence of life events also depends on all of the following factors EXCEPT the _____. A. individual's cognitive capacity B. individual's adaptation C. life-stage context D. sociohistorical context

A. individual's cognitive capacity

118. According to Sandra Scarr, passive genotype-environment correlations are relatively more common in the lives of: A. infants and young children. B. older children. C. adolescents. D. adults.

A. infants and young children.

72. In Sternberg's view, an affair or a fling in which there is little intimacy and even less commitment is an example of _____. A. infatuation B. consummation C. fatuous love D. companionate love

A. infatuation

If a community wants to develop programs to help at-risk youths, an important component to include in the program would be: A. intensive individualized attention. B. strong academic support. C. community role models. D. tactics to "scare teens straight."

A. intensive individualized attention.

Fourteen-year-old Kent recently received his blood test results which indicate an eighteen-fold increase in testosterone levels and a twofold increase in estradiol over the past few years. It appears that Kent: A. is experiencing normal changes during puberty. B. will be put on hormone therapy to correct the significant imbalances in hormonal levels. C. has abnormal levels of male sex hormones. D. has abnormal levels of female sex hormones.

A. is experiencing normal changes during puberty.

Critics of the daily hassles approach argue that: A. it does not tell how individuals perceive or cope with hassles. B. it emphasizes the male experience. C. it does not have much impact on adult development. D. it is culturally biased.

A. it does not tell how individuals perceive or cope with hassles.

People belonging to the _____ category often spent more time in singles bars and had more casual sex than their counterparts in the other divorce categories. A. libertine B. defeated C. seekers D. competent loners

A. libertine

In one longitudinal study, when 3-year-old children showed good control of their emotions and were resilient in the face of stress, they were: A. likely to continue to handle emotions effectively as adults. B. less likely as adults to be assertive. C. likely to be aggressive in their relationships in later adulthood. D. more likely to engage in compulsive gambling in early adulthood.

A. likely to continue to handle emotions effectively as adults.

As per the survey conducted by American Psychological Association in 2007, _____ was identified as the leading source of stress at the workplace. A. low salaries B. uncertain job expectations C. long working hours D. sexual harassment

A. low salaries

A recent survey of more than 3,000 adults revealed that premarital education was linked to all of the following EXCEPT: A. lower level of marital satisfaction. B. higher level of commitment to a spouse. C. lower level of destructive marital conflict. D. lower likelihood of divorce.

A. lower level of marital satisfaction.

According to a longitudinal study by Jerald Bachman and his colleagues, by the time individuals reach their mid-twenties, _____ their use of alcohol and drugs. A. many would have reduced B. most would have increased C. almost all would have ceased D. most would have been addicted to

A. many would have reduced

Dylan does his homework in front of the television while listening to music on his iPod and also simultaneously text messaging his friends. This is indicative of a major trend in the use of technology known as: A. media multitasking. B. simulcasting. C. surfing. D. media-conferencing.

A. media multitasking.

28. During _____, a cell of the testes in men or ovaries in women duplicates its chromosomes and then divides twice, thus forming four cells, each of which has only half the genetic material of the parent cell. A. meiosis B. mitosis C. osmosis D. fertilization

A. meiosis

With regard to the timing of remarriage, in the United States: A. men tend to remarry sooner than women do. B. women tend to remarry sooner than men do. C. men with lower incomes are more likely to remarry than their counterparts who have high incomes. D. men and women have an equal likelihood of remarrying.

A. men tend to remarry sooner than women do.

Most anorexics are young adult females from: A. middle- and upper-income families. B. poor and working-class families. C. Asian American and African American families. D. families with low achievement demands.

A. middle- and upper-income families.

24. A cell which contains 46 chromosomes arranged in 23 pairs undergoes the process of _____ to produce two new cells, each containing the same DNA as the original cell, arranged in the same 23 pairs of chromosomes. A. mitosis B. osmosis C. meiosis D. fertilization

A. mitosis

In 1994, Robert Michael and his colleagues conducted a comprehensive survey of American sexual patterns. Results from this "Sex in America" survey suggested that Americans' sexual lives are _____ than previously believed. A. more conservative B. less conservative C. more active D. less active

A. more conservative

16. Today's college students are _____ than students in previous generations, according to a national study of more than 165,000 freshmen at more than 230 colleges and universities. A. more depressed B. less depressed C. less mentally exhausted D. less stressed

A. more depressed

70. Fragile X syndrome occurs: A. more often in males than in females. B. only in females. C. in both sexes equally. D. only in males.

A. more often in males than in females.

As per the study conducted by Sakraida in 2005, it was found that women who initiated a divorce in midlife were characterized by _____ than were women whose husbands initiated the divorce. A. more self-focused growth and optimism B. higher levels of depression and trauma C. introversion and lack of socialization D. higher emotional instability

A. more self-focused growth and optimism

In non-industrialized countries, marriage— the marker for entry into adulthood— usually occurs _____ the marriage in the United States. A. much earlier than B. much later than C. around the same time as D. immediately after

A. much earlier than

In a recent study of Navajo adolescents, positive ethnic heritage was linked to all of the following EXCEPT: A. narcissism. B. higher self-esteem. C. school connectedness. D. social functioning.

A. narcissism.

According to Salthouse, a recent analysis of research found: A. no evidence for significant changes in everyday cognition from 20 to 75 years of age. B. that everyday cognition continued to increase from 20 to 75 years of age. C. evidence of significant decline in everyday cognition from 20 to 75 years of age. D. that everyday cognition peaked in the twenties and then declined.

A. no evidence for significant changes in everyday cognition from 20 to 75 years of age.

18. Thirteen-year-old Grace's blood tests indicate that her levels of testosterone are about twice as high as they were a few years ago, and that her estradiol levels are about eight times higher than earlier. Grace is most likely experiencing: A. normal changes during puberty. B. difficulties due to significant imbalances in hormonal levels. C. abnormal development of male physical characteristics. D. abnormal development of female physical characteristics.

A. normal changes during puberty.

66. Klinefelter syndrome affects: A. only males. B. only females. C. both males and females equally. D. more females than males.

A. only males.

Recent research concerning the prevalence of oral sex in the U.S. indicates that: A. oral sex is a common occurrence among adolescents. B. a very small percentage of adolescent girls engage in oral sex. C. oral sex is common among adults but not adolescents. D. a much higher percentage of girls engage in oral sex than boys.

A. oral sex is a common occurrence among adolescents.

Women are especially vulnerable to _____, which is the leading cause of broken bones in women. A. osteoporosis B. arthritis C. osteomalacia D. muscular dystrophy

A. osteoporosis

4. Evolution takes place: A. over the course of many generations. B. almost immediately. C. when a species is ready for it. D. due to active attempts at change on the part of a species.

A. over the course of many generations.

According to the old model of parent-adolescent relationships, _____. A. parent-adolescent conflict is intense and stressful throughout adolescence B. parent-adolescent conflict is moderate rather than severe in most families C. parents serve as important support systems, while adolescents explore a wider, more complex social world D. the everyday negotiations and minor disputes are normal

A. parent-adolescent conflict is intense and stressful throughout adolescence

76. According to Robert Sternberg's triangular theory of love, consummate love is characterized by: A. passion, intimacy, and commitment. B. romance, shared disclosure, and sexual desire. C. commitment and exclusiveness. D. eroticism and companionship.

A. passion, intimacy, and commitment.

112. Rachel loves to read books, and she also encourages her daughter to read by regularly taking her to the local library and buying her lots of books. Rachel's daughter is now an avid reader. This reflects a(n) _____ correlation. A. passive genotype-environment B. evocative genotype-environment C. influential genotype-environment D. active (niche-picking) genotype-environment

A. passive genotype-environment

The Seattle Longitudinal Study concluded that middle age is a time of: A. peak performance for verbal ability. B. great decline for inductive reasoning. C. moderate decline for spatial abilities. D. increased mathematical abilities.

A. peak performance for verbal ability.

Leila, a 14-year-old girl, feels that nobody understands her, especially her parents and teachers. Leila's feelings reflect the _____ aspect of an adolescent's egocentrism. A. personal fable B. imaginary audience C. self-fulfilling prophecy D. collective myth

A. personal fable

The _____ is the part of adolescent egocentrism involving a sense of uniqueness and invincibility. A. personal fable B. self-fulfilling prophecy C. imaginary audience D. collective myth

A. personal fable

"I know I can handle the car at high speeds much better than others can", says 18-year-old Jake. This reflects the tendency of adolescents to engage in: A. personal fable. B. collective myths. C. imaginary audience. D. perspective taking.

A. personal fable.

The life-events approach to understanding adult development has been criticized because it: A. placed too much emphasis on change. B. ignored the developmental stages adults go through. C. did not consider the female experience. D. focused on minor and not major life events.

A. placed too much emphasis on change.

For older adults, with a partner who reported not having sex, the main reason was: A. poor physical health. B. depression. C. lack of privacy. D. lack of interest.

A. poor physical health.

The _____ is one area that shrinks more than others with aging. A. prefrontal cortex B. amygdala C. hypothalamus D. premotor cortex

A. prefrontal cortex

According to Levinson, by age 40, a man has: A. reached a stable point in his career. B. just started to determine his goals. C. just formed a dream about his future. D. come to grips with the conflict of being attached to others versus being separated from them.

A. reached a stable point in his career.

Fluid intelligence is the ability to: A. reason abstractly. B. recall information. C. accumulate information. D. accumulate verbal skills.

A. reason abstractly.

52. Carrie's parents have brown hair. However, Carrie gets genes for blond hair from both of her parents, and as a result she has blonde hair. This indicates that the gene for blonde hair is a: A. recessive gene. B. dominant gene. C. susceptibility gene. D. longevity gene.

A. recessive gene.

According to evolutionary theory, natural selection is linked to _____, which is present in the earlier part of adulthood. A. reproductive fitness B. neurogenesis C. cognitive and perceptual fitness D. muscular and skeletal strength

A. reproductive fitness

A _____ is a ceremony or ritual that marks an individual's transition from one status to another, and mostly focuses on the transition to adult status. A. rite of passage B. litmus test C. march of time D. communion

A. rite of passage

The early stages of love have more _____ love ingredients. A. romantic B. companionate C. passionate D. consummate

A. romantic

The Carnegie Corporation evaluated U.S. middle schools and recommended that: A. smaller "communities" or "houses" should be developed to lessen the impersonal nature of large middle schools. B. schools improve their use of technology, computers, and skills that will be needed in the 21st century. C. schools add more grade levels to encompass a wider age range to reflect differences in adolescent development. D. middle schools be integrated with high schools so that the younger adolescents can take advantage of having older adolescents as role models.

A. smaller "communities" or "houses" should be developed to lessen the impersonal nature of large middle schools.

Compared with earlier and later periods, middle age is influenced most by _____ factors. A. sociocultural B. biological C. psychodynamic D. neurological

A. sociocultural

Toby has the ability to visualize three-dimensional objects and rotate them. Toby's ability is known as _____. A. spatial orientation B. inductive reasoning C. verbal ability D. perceptual speed

A. spatial orientation

89. Mary and Jim are expecting a child and prenatal diagnostic procedures have confirmed that the fetus has _____, a neural tube disorder that causes brain and spine abnormalities. Their physician has explained that this gene-linked abnormality could be treated with corrective surgery at birth, orthopedic devices, and physical or medical therapy. A. spina bifida B. Tay-Sachs disease C. phenylketonuria D. Huntington's disease

A. spina bifida

All of the following are key features identified by Jeffrey Arnett to characterize emerging adulthood, EXCEPT: A. stability. B. identity exploration. C. being self-focused. D. feeling "in-between".

A. stability.

The Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (2003) has identified _____ among older adults as the "invisible epidemic" in the United States. A. substance abuse B. clinical depression C. bipolar disorder D. schizophrenia

A. substance abuse

114. According to E. Mavis Hetherington's research, the largest group of divorced people falls into the category of: A. the good-enoughs. B. the enhancers. C. the seekers. D. the defeated.

A. the good-enoughs.

Color vision declines with age due to: A. the yellowing of the lens of the eye. B. a decline in the effectiveness of the cones to discriminate colors. C. cataracts preventing certain parts of the light spectrum from entering the lens of the eye. D. a reduction in the light entering the peripheral area of the visual field.

A. the yellowing of the lens of the eye.

One factor that has contributed to the survival of centenarians is: A. their ability to cope effectively with stress. B. the lack of stressful events in their lives. C. the years of marriage. D. their socioeconomic status.

A. their ability to cope effectively with stress.

In a survey conducted by AARP (2004), divorced adults reported that they had generally stayed in their marriages and postponed their divorces because of: A. their children. B. financial problems. C. religious beliefs. D. cultural norms.

A. their children.

Most parents learn parenting practices from: A. their own parents. B. parenting educators. C. their friends who are parents. D. their older siblings.

A. their own parents.

Examples of Dana Torres, Olympic swimmer; Lance Armstrong, cyclist; and Tom Watson, golfer; have been used to illustrate that: A. there have been instances of highly conditioned athletes stretching the age limit on winning performances. B. peaking of physical performance occurs later than previously thought. C. peaking of winning performances occurs earlier than previously thought. D. the lessening of physical abilities is a common complaint, even among highly conditioned athletes, past a certain age.

A. there have been instances of highly conditioned athletes stretching the age limit on winning performances.

33. "Amelia's all excited about this new guy she met," says Julie. "I guess it makes sense because he's really a geek." Based on the concept of consensual validation, we can expect that Julie: A. thinks that Amelia is also a geek. B. is an intellectual and charitable person. C. believes that Amelia is not influenced by her friend's opinions. D. is providing consensual validation for Amelia's taste in men.

A. thinks that Amelia is also a geek.

The greatest decline in visual perception beyond 75, and especially beyond 85, involves: A. tolerance for glare. B. dark adaptation. C. area of the visual field. D. color vision.

A. tolerance for glare.

By about age 15, adolescent females have a rate of depression that is _____ that of adolescent males. A. twice B. half C. thrice D. the same as

A. twice

The growth spurt that characterizes pubertal change occurs approximately _____ for girls than for boys. A. two years earlier B. one year earlier C. two years later D. one year later

A. two years earlier

Exercise can reduce the risk of all of the following conditions EXCEPT: A. type 1 diabetes. B. stroke. C. osteoporosis. D. breast cancer.

A. type 1 diabetes.

In a survey conducted by AARP (2004), the primary reason middle-aged and older women cited for wanting a divorce was: A. verbal, physical, or emotional abuse. B. alcohol or drug abuse. C. cheating. D. no obvious problems; they just fell out of love.

A. verbal, physical, or emotional abuse.

56. Mary Carskadon and her colleagues' research on adolescent sleep patterns found that: A. when given the opportunity, adolescents will sleep an average of 9 hours and 25 minutes a night. B. adolescents' biological clocks undergo a shift as they get older, so that older adolescents start to feel sleepy an hour earlier than younger adolescents. C. younger adolescents tend to be sleepier during the day than older adolescents. D. increased sleepiness in adolescents during the day was primarily due to academic work or social pressures.

A. when given the opportunity, adolescents will sleep an average of 9 hours and 25 minutes a night.

103. Don and Ellie are trying to conceive a baby. How long should they wait before they suspect infertility? A. 3 months B. 12 months C. 18 months D. 24 months

B. 12 months

What percentage of the U.S. population is older than 65 years? A. 2 percent B. 12 percent C. 22 percent D. 23 percent

B. 12 percent

In the New England Centenarian Study, _____ percent of the individuals 100 years and older were living independently at home. A. 20 B. 15 C. 40 D. 50

B. 15

A study by Shan & others found that the volume of the brain was _____ in older adults than younger adults. A. 20 percent more B. 15 percent less C. 25 percent less D. 10 percent more

B. 15 percent less

Late bloomers comprise approximately 10 percent of _____ who say that they have had no experience with romantic relationships. A. 14- to 16-year-olds B. 17- to 19-year-olds C. 12- to 13-year-olds D. 15- to 16-year-olds

B. 17- to 19-year-olds

The transition from adolescence to adulthood has been referred to as emerging adulthood, which occurs from approximately _____ years of age. A. 12 to 18 B. 18 to 25 C. 21 to 26 D. 20 to 30

B. 18 to 25

54. Binge drinking peaks at about: A. 16 to 18 years of age. B. 21 to 22 years of age. C. 17 to 19 years of age. D. 24 to 26 years of age.

B. 21 to 22 years of age.

26. A cell which contains 12 pairs of chromosomes, divides by mitosis to form two new cells. How many pairs of chromosomes does each new cell contain? A. 12 B. 23 C. 6 D. 48

B. 23

29. In human beings, by the end of meiosis, each egg or sperm has _____ chromosomes. A. 46 paired B. 23 unpaired C. 23 paired D. 46 unpaired

B. 23 unpaired

Which of the following is the average age of marriage for males in the United States? A. 30 B. 28 C. 26 D. 25

B. 28

Muscle tone and strength usually begin to show signs of decline around the age of _____. A. 25 B. 30 C. 40 D. 20

B. 30

Lung capacity drops _____ between the ages of 20 and 80, even when disease is not present. A. 20 percent B. 40 percent C. 50 percent D. 60 percent

B. 40 percent

A recent analysis by Finkelstein & others predicted that _____ percent of U.S. adults will be obese in 2030. A. 10 B. 42 C. 33 D. 50

B. 42

On average, the adult brain loses _____ percent of its weight between the ages of 20 and 90. A. 1 to 5 B. 5 to 10 C. 10 to 20 D. 10 to 30

B. 5 to 10

An estimated _____ percent of individuals who become alcoholics are believed to have a genetic predisposition for it. A. 10 to 20 B. 50 to 60 C. 30 to 40 D. 70 to 80

B. 50 to 60

In a national survey, _____ percent of U.S. 15- to 19-year-old boys and _____ percent of girls said they had engaged in oral sex. A. 70; 60 B. 55; 54 C. 15; 22 D. 8; 10

B. 55; 54

It is recommended that premarital education begin approximately: A. 2 to 3 years before the wedding. B. 6 months to a year before the wedding. C. 6 weeks before the wedding. D. 1 to 3 months before the wedding.

B. 6 months to a year before the wedding.

In a U.S. national survey conducted in 2011, _____ percent of twelfth-graders reported that they had experienced sexual intercourse, compared with _____ percent of ninth-graders. A. 20; 10 B. 63; 33 C. 77; 90 D. 60; 52

B. 63; 33

In the United States, _________ percent of pregnancies to mothers 15 to 19 years of age are unintended. A. 23 B. 82 C. 47 D. 15

B. 82

Currently, the average duration of marriage in the United States is just over _____ years. A. 5 B. 9 C. 15 D. 23

B. 9

Which of the following is true about gender differences in adult friendships? A. Compared with women, men have more close friends. B. Adult male friendships are more competitive than those of women. C. Compared with women, men's friendships involve more self-disclosure and exchange of mutual support. D. The adult female pattern of friendship often involves keeping one's distance while sharing useful information.

B. Adult male friendships are more competitive than those of women

_____ love is also called companionate love. A. Passionate B. Affectionate C. Consummate D. Romantic

B. Affectionate

Which of the following statements is TRUE about work in midlife? A. There are always huge differences in the work performance of young adults and middle-aged adults. B. Age related declines occur in some occupations such as air traffic controllers and professional athletes. C. There is usually little emphasis on work during middle adulthood regardless of the work being full-time, part-time or volunteer work. D. The peak of work performance is usually reached in early adulthood and hence the percentage of people working during middle adulthood is the lowest.

B. Age related declines occur in some occupations such as air traffic controllers and professional athletes.

According to the Big Five factors of personality, which of the following personality supertrait describes a person as either helpful or uncooperative? A. Conscientiousness B. Agreeableness C. Openness D. Extraversion

B. Agreeableness

Amanda's mother suffers from anorexia nervosa. Which of the following statements about Amanda is TRUE? A. Amanda is highly likely to have a more positive body-image. B. Amanda is at risk of becoming anorexic herself. C. Amanda is more likely to have healthy eating habits. D. Amanda is not at risk for anorexia due to increased awareness.

B. Amanda is at risk of becoming anorexic herself.

Which of the following is one of the main characteristics that applies to people suffering from anorexia nervosa? A. Precocious puberty in girls B. Amenorrhea in girls who have reached puberty C. Body weight that falls in the 98th percentile of the BMI scale D. Binge eating followed by purging

B. Amenorrhea in girls who have reached puberty

Which of the following is the result of reduced blood supply to the eye in the fifties and sixties? A. An increase in accommodation of the eye B. An increase in the eye's blind spot C. An increase in the visual field's size D. An increase in the amount of light entering the eye

B. An increase in the eye's blind spot

107. Summer and Clark are considering undergoing fertility treatments. What is one of the main risk factors that the couple must be aware of while weighing their options? A. High birth weight in babies conceived through such treatments. B. An increase in the possibility of multiple births when such treatments are used. C. Negative psychological impact on children conceived through such treatments. D. Significant differences in developmental outcomes for children conceived through such treatments.

B. An increase in the possibility of multiple births when such treatments are used.

According to recent studies, which of the following individuals showed lower levels of depressive symptoms? A. Attachment-anxious adults B. Attachment-secure adults C. Attachment-avoidant adults D. Attachment-repellant adults

B. Attachment-secure adults

Which of the following is NOT a strategy for building exercise into one's life? A. Reduce TV time B. Avoid tracking your progress too closely C. Imagine the alternative D. Get rid of excuses

B. Avoid tracking your progress too closely

According to Levinson, the changes to middle-adulthood requires that the adult male come to grips with four major conflicts. Which of the following is NOT one of these major conflicts? A. Being young versus being old B. Being attractive versus being unattractive C. Being masculine versus being feminine D. Being destructive versus being constructive

B. Being attractive versus being unattractive

85. Paul suffers from hemophilia. Suggest an appropriate treatment option for Paul's condition. A. Insulin treatment B. Blood transfusions/injections C. Physical therapy D. Oxygen therapy

B. Blood transfusions/injections

Which of the following is an example of a nonfatal chronic disorder? A. Stroke B. Bursitis C. Cancer D. Cardiovascular disease

B. Bursitis

Which of the following statements about bone and joint functioning is TRUE? A. Peak functioning of the body's joints usually occurs in the thirties. B. By the end of midlife, bones break more easily and heal more slowly. C. Maximum bone density occurs by the mid- to late-twenties. D. The rate of bone density loss decelerates in the fifties.

B. By the end of midlife, bones break more easily and heal more slowly.

_____ theory states that cells can divide a maximum of about 75 to 80 times, and that as we age our cells become less capable of dividing. A. Evolutionary B. Cellular clock C. Free-radical D. Hormonal stress

B. Cellular clock

2. _____ introduced the theory of evolution by natural selection in 1859. A. Sigmund Freud B. Charles Darwin C. Stephen Hawking D. Wilhelm Wundt

B. Charles Darwin

110. Which of the following statements is true regarding the differences between outcomes for adopted and nonadopted children? A. Nonadopted children are likely to experience more school-related problems than adopted children. B. Children who are adopted very early in their lives are more likely to have positive outcomes than children adopted later in life. C. Adoptees were no more likely to be using mental health services than their nonadopted counterparts. D. Adopted adolescents were more likely to be withdrawn.

B. Children who are adopted very early in their lives are more likely to have positive outcomes than children adopted later in life.

_____ diseases have a slow onset and a long duration, and are rare in early adulthood. A. Acute B. Chronic C. Terminal D. Pervasive

B. Chronic

Which of the following statements is TRUE about the role of stress on the human immune system? A. Chronic stress predominantly decelerates pancreatic cancer growth. B. Chronic stressors are usually linked to a downturn in immune system functioning. C. Stress can result in reduction of corticosteroids such as cortisol. D. Chronic stress can interfere with immune functioning only through the immune system.

B. Chronic stressors are usually linked to a downturn in immune system functioning.

Identify a possible reason for the changes in fluid and crystallized intelligence of different age groups in John Horn's cross-sectional study. A. Secular trends B. Cohort effects C. Declining IQ with age D. Biases in IQ testing

B. Cohort effects

According to a study using the Complex Postformal Thought Questionnaire, which of the following statements about the postformal stage of cognitive development is TRUE? A. Adolescents are just as likely as young adults to engage in postformal thinking. B. College students who have cross-category friends scored higher on the postformal thought measure. C. College students who have cross-category friends are less likely to engage in postformal thought. D. Adolescents are more likely to engage in postformal thought than young adults.

B. College students who have cross-category friends scored higher on the postformal thought measure.

Which of the following statements about the timing of identity development is TRUE? A. In their last couple years in college, individuals are more likely to be categorized as identity diffused. B. College upperclassmen are more likely to be identity achieved than college freshmen or high school students. C. By the time adolescents reach college, they would have committed to their religious and political identities. D. A higher percentage of high school students are identity achieved when compared to college upperclassmen.

B. College upperclassmen are more likely to be identity achieved than college freshmen or high school students.

Which of the following Big Five personality factors describes a person as either disciplined or impulsive? A. Openness to experience B. Conscientiousness C. Neuroticism D. Agreeableness

B. Conscientiousness

70. When all three dimensions of Sternberg's triarchic theory of love are present in a relationship, what type of love are people experiencing? A. Affectionate love B. Consummate love C. Fatuous love D. Passionate love

B. Consummate love

_____ are larger than cliques and less personal. A. Bands B. Crowds C. Teams D. Squads

B. Crowds

Which of the following is an example of aerobic exercise? A. Weight lifting. B. Cycling. C. Bodybuilding. D. Sprinting.

B. Cycling.

Identify the major task that must be mastered in early adulthood, according to Levinson. A. Reaching the pinnacle of one's career B. Developing a stable life structure C. Focusing on family development D. Forming an image of one's career

B. Developing a stable life structure

Which of the following is a risk factor in the development of cataracts? A. Cardiovascular disease B. Diabetes C. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease D. Arthritis

B. Diabetes

Which of the following statements is true about the various markers of adulthood? A. In developing countries marriage is hardly a significant marker for entry into adulthood. B. Economic dependence is one of the key markers of adult status, but achieving it has been considered a long process. C. Marriage is the most widely recognized marker of entry into adulthood among industrialized countries such as America. D. The criteria for adulthood remain the same across different types of economies.

B. Economic dependence is one of the key markers of adult status, but achieving it has been considered a long process.

At which grade level does conformity to peers peak? A. Sixth and seventh grades B. Eighth and ninth grades C. Tenth and eleventh grades D. Twelfth grade

B. Eighth and ninth grades

114. _____ correlations occur because a child's genetically influenced characteristics elicit certain types of environments. A. Passive genotype-environment B. Evocative genotype-environment C. Influential genotype-environment D. Active (niche-picking) genotype-environment

B. Evocative genotype-environment

Which of the following statements about the benefits of exercise is TRUE? A. About 50 percent of adults get the recommended levels of physical activity. B. Exercise can be as effective in reducing depression as psychotherapy. C. Only intense physical activities will produce important physical gains. D. Exercise has little impact on self-concept and in reducing anxiety.

B. Exercise can be as effective in reducing depression as psychotherapy.

Which of the following statements about arthritis is NOT true? A. There is no known cure for arthritis. B. Exercise is not beneficial for people with arthritis. C. Symptoms of arthritis can be reduced with medications. D. Symptoms of arthritis can be reduced with weight reduction.

B. Exercise is not beneficial for people with arthritis.

Which of the following is the term that most researchers use to describe crisis? A. Foreclosure B. Exploration C. Moratorium D. Commitment

B. Exploration

Which of the following is one of the Big Five factors of personality? A. Generativity B. Extraversion C. Transitivity D. Stagnation

B. Extraversion

_____ are the leading cause of injury deaths among adults who are 65 years and older. A. Household fires B. Falls C. Motor vehicle accidents D. Heart conditions

B. Falls

Which of the following statements about the timing and variations in puberty is true? A. Children in European countries mature up to a year earlier than their American counterparts. B. For girls, menarche is considered within the normal range if it appears between the ages of 9 and 15. C. Genes have little to do with when and how puberty develops. D. Non-Latino White girls experience puberty earlier than African American girls.

B. For girls, menarche is considered within the normal range if it appears between the ages of 9 and 15.

71. Harry has been suffering from mental retardation and a learning disability since infancy. Subsequent tests revealed an abnormality in his X chromosome, which becomes constricted and often breaks. Identify the syndrome that Harry suffers from. A. Turner syndrome B. Fragile X syndrome C. XYY syndrome D. Klinefelter syndrome

B. Fragile X syndrome

Which of the following biological theories of aging states that people age because their cells' normal metabolism produces unstable oxygen molecules? A. Cellular clock theory B. Free-radical theory C. Telomerase-injection theory D. Hormonal stress theory

B. Free-radical theory

Which of the following statements about the trend in cross-cultural gender differences in sexual expression is true? A. Gender differences in sexual expression are minor, especially in Latin America and Southeast Asia. B. Gender differences in sexual expression and educational opportunities appear to be narrowing over time. C. In India, there are far more restrictions on the sexual activities of men than of women. D. In Arab countries, both adolescent males and females encounter the same amount of restriction on sexual activities.

B. Gender differences in sexual expression and educational opportunities appear to be narrowing over time.

_____ encompasses adults' desire to leave legacies of themselves to the next generation. A. Self-actualization B. Generativity C. Self-absorption D. Perpetuity

B. Generativity

According to research, which of the following is most likely to be rated as the LEAST important characteristic that women look for in men? A. Kindness B. Good looks C. Earning prospects D. Considerateness

B. Good looks

Which of the following statements is true about the good-enoughs? A. The good-enoughs forms about 10 percent of the divorce group category. B. Good-enough women usually married men who educationally and economically were similar to their first husbands. C. The good-enoughs rarely attend night classes and make new friends. D. People in this category often spent more time in singles bars and had more casual sex than their counterparts in the other divorce categories.

B. Good-enough women usually married men who educationally and economically were similar to their first husbands.

In which part of the color spectrum is the loss of color vision most likely to occur? A. Red-orange-yellow B. Green-blue-violet C. Yellow-violet-indigo D. Green-yellow-orange

B. Green-blue-violet

_____, the most influential theorist to discuss the importance of adolescent friendships, proposed that friends become increasingly important in meeting social needs in adolescence. A. Erik Erikson B. Harry Stack Sullivan C. Jean Piaget D. James Marcia

B. Harry Stack Sullivan

57. Victor has an X-linked inheritance disease. Which of the following conditions is Victor most likely to have? A. Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome B. Hemophilia C. Wilms tumor D. Diabetes

B. Hemophilia

Why is LDL referred to as "bad" cholesterol? A. It increases the risk of breast cancer. B. High levels of LDL cause atherosclerosis. C. It accelerates the process of aging. D. Low levels of LDL cause atherosclerosis.

B. High levels of LDL cause atherosclerosis.

Which of the following is a region of the adult human brain where neurogenesis has been documented? A. Amygdala B. Hippocampus C. Prefrontal cortex D. Hypothalamus

B. Hippocampus

Which of the following statements about marriage around the world is NOT true? A. Japan has a high proportion of unmarried young people. B. Hungary encourages later marriage and a delay in childbearing. C. In Scandinavian countries, people marry later and cohabitation is popular. D. Japanese young adults generally live at home with their parents until marriage.

B. Hungary encourages later marriage and a delay in childbearing.

34. _____ develop from a single zygote that splits into two genetically matching replicas, each of which becomes a person. A. Triplets B. Identical twins C. Fraternal twins D. Quadruplets

B. Identical twins

Identify the status of individuals who have not yet experienced a crisis or made any commitments. A. Identity crisis B. Identity diffusion C. Identity foreclosure D. Identity achievement

B. Identity diffusion

Which of the following is the identity status where a crisis is absent but a commitment is present? A. Identity achievement B. Identity foreclosure C. Identity moratorium D. Identity diffusion

B. Identity foreclosure

Fifteen-year-old Juanita wants to skip school today because she is having a bad hair day and is convinced that everybody will notice and think badly of her. Which aspect of adolescent egocentrism is Juanita experiencing? A. Personal fable B. Imaginary audience C. Fight-or-flight response D. Top-dog phenomenon

B. Imaginary audience

Which of the following is linked to more rapid onset of hearing difficulties in older adults? A. Defects in mitochondria and declining levels of testosterone B. Inadequate nourishment and a lifetime of smoking C. High blood pressure and resistant hypertension D. Dietary intake of beta-carotene and obesity

B. Inadequate nourishment and a lifetime of smoking

Which of the following statements is true about role of temperament among children and adults? A. Children are likely to be well adjusted as adults regardless of their temperament during childhood. B. Individuals who had an inhibited temperament in childhood more likely than other adults to delay entering a stable job track. C. Children with an easy temperament are less likely to be well adjusted as young adults. D. Individuals who had an inhibited temperament in childhood more likely than other adults to be assertive or experience social support.

B. Individuals who had an inhibited temperament in childhood more likely than other adults to delay entering a stable job track.

Which of the following is a significant observation by Neugarten regarding social clocks? A. Social clocks are more rigid than they were before. B. Individuals whose lives are synchronized with the social clocks are less stressed. C. Younger adults below 25 years are excluded from the social clock age bracket. D. Social clocks are more important for males than for females.

B. Individuals whose lives are synchronized with the social clocks are less stressed.

_____ refers to the ability to recognize and understand patterns and relationships in a problem and use this understanding to solve other instances of the problem. A. Spatial orientation B. Inductive reasoning C. Verbal comprehension D. Perceptual speed

B. Inductive reasoning

Julie describes how she feels about Mark: "I'm very physically attracted to him, but we aren't what you would call emotionally close. I love being with him, but I don't know that this will be a long-lasting relationship". According to Robert Sternberg's theory of love, which type of love is Julie experiencing? A. Affectionate love B. Infatuation C. Consummate D. Companionate love

B. Infatuation

Which of the following is a benefit of everyday conflicts that characterize parent-adolescent relationships? A. It teaches adolescents that their parents are not perfect. B. It helps adolescents become more autonomous. C. It helps adolescents accept parental control over their lives. D. It teaches parents how to exert more control over the lives of adolescents.

B. It helps adolescents become more autonomous.

Which of the following statements is true about nicotine? A. It is a depressant that stimulates neurotransmitters that have a calming or pain-reducing effect. B. It increases the smoker's energy and alertness. C. It deprives the smoker a pleasurable and reinforcing experience. D. It is a passive drug in cigarettes that reduces the dopamine levels of a smoker.

B. It increases the smoker's energy and alertness.

64. Which of the following women has the highest probability of giving birth to a child with Down syndrome? A. Sarah, a 21-year-old Asian woman. B. Jane, a 41-year-old Euro-American woman. C. Ella, a 27-year-old African American woman. D. Destiny, a 38-year-old African American woman.

B. Jane, a 41-year-old Euro-American woman.

According to studies, which of the following is one of the most common sexual problems of older women? A. Lack of foreplay B. Lack of sexual interest C. Partner non-cooperation D. Reduced muscular movements

B. Lack of sexual interest

Treatment for men with erectile dysfunction has focused on Viagra and similar drugs, such as: A. Rogaine and Prozac. B. Levitra and Cialis. C. Oxycodone and Prozac. D. Naproxen and OxyContin.

B. Levitra and Cialis.

40. _____ genes are those that make an individual less vulnerable to certain diseases and make it more likely for him/her to live till an older age. A. Susceptibility B. Longevity C. Vulnerability D. Mutated

B. Longevity

41. Erin is 90 years old. She has relatively good health, and is fully mobile. Most of Erin's blood relatives live to a ripe, old age. Which of the following genes might be responsible for this? A. Susceptibility genes B. Longevity genes C. Vulnerability genes D. Mutated genes

B. Longevity genes

Compared to middle age, which of the following BEST describes late middle age for many individuals? A. Health problems start to decline B. Losses may begin to outnumber gains C. Life-changes decrease: the path is relatively fixed D. Losses and gains even out

B. Losses may begin to outnumber gains

Cathy and Miguel have been dating for six months. Which of the following is likely to be LEAST important in their relationship considering that both are in early adulthood? A. Passion B. Loyalty C. Physical attraction D. Romance

B. Loyalty

95. _____ uses a powerful magnet and radio images to generate detailed images of the body's organs and structures. A. Triple screen B. MRI C. Ultrasound sonography D. Amniocentesis

B. MRI

Which of the following statements accurately reflects a key finding from the 1994 "Sex in America" survey? A. Most Americans have sex twice a week or more. B. Married and cohabiting couples have sex more often than noncohabiting couples. C. Most men and women have always remained faithful to their partners and have avoided any adulterous relationship. D. Women think about sex far more than men do.

B. Married and cohabiting couples have sex more often than noncohabiting couples.

Which of the following statements about bone density is TRUE? A. Maximum bone density occurs in late adolescence. B. Maximum bone density occurs by the mid- to late thirties. C. Peak functioning of the body's joints occurs in the fifties. D. The rate of bone density loss accelerates and then decelerates.

B. Maximum bone density occurs by the mid- to late thirties.

_____ is the developmental period that begins at approximately 40 to 45 years of age and extends to about 60 to 65 years of age. A. Late adulthood B. Middle adulthood C. Early adulthood D. Emerging adulthood

B. Middle adulthood

Which of the following is true of the effects of aging on human sexual performance? A. Orgasm becomes less frequent in females with age, occurring in every second to third attempt rather than every time. B. More direct stimulation usually is needed to produce an erection. C. A large-scale study of individuals from 57 to 85 years of age revealed that sexually active life expectancy was longer for women than men. D. Women lost more years of sexually active life due to poor health than men did.

B. More direct stimulation usually is needed to produce an erection.

The type of white blood cell that is more likely to be present in low-stress circumstances are _____. A. plasma cells B. NK cells C. lymphocytes D. monocytes

B. NK cells

_____ refers to a self-centered and self-concerned approach toward others. A. Egocentrism B. Narcissism C. Egotism D. Solipsism

B. Narcissism

10. According to life-span developmentalist Paul Baltes, the benefits conferred by evolutionary selection decrease with age. Natural selection has not weeded out many harmful conditions and nonadaptive characteristics that appear among older adults. Why? A. Degeneration aids in the transmission of desirable traits to future generations. B. Natural selection operates primarily on characteristics that are tied to reproductive fitness. C. Human evolution has no effect on previous generations. D. Evolved mechanisms are always adaptive in contemporary society.

B. Natural selection operates primarily on characteristics that are tied to reproductive fitness

In the Berkeley Longitudinal Studies, which of the following characteristics generally changed the most across time for an adult? A. Intellectual orientation B. Nurturance or hostility C. Openness to experience D. Self-confidence

B. Nurturance or hostility

Which of the following places has the highest ratio of centenarians? A. New York, US B. Okinawa, Japan C. London, England D. Beijing, China

B. Okinawa, Japan

Which of the following describes the findings of the U.S. survey conducted by the National Sleep Foundation? A. The majority of the adolescents got less than eight hours of sleep on school nights. B. Older adolescents got markedly less sleep on school nights than younger adolescents. C. A higher number of adolescents in ninth grade were getting inadequate sleep on school nights than adolescents in twelfth grade. D. Adolescents who got inadequate sleep were no more likely to be in a depressed mood than those who got adequate sleep.

B. Older adolescents got markedly less sleep on school nights than younger adolescents.

Kelly has just given birth to her first baby at age 37; her best friend, Olivia, age 26, just gave birth to her first child. Which of the following is likely to be TRUE for these new mothers? A. Kelly will have more energy to care for her child than Olivia. B. Olivia will have fewer medical problems with pregnancy and childbirth. C. Olivia will more likely build up expectations for her child. D. Olivia will have more income for child-rearing expenses than Kelly.

B. Olivia will have fewer medical problems with pregnancy and childbirth.

Which of the following is a positive feature of the transition from high school to college? A. Decreased focus on achievement and its assessment B. Opportunities to explore different lifestyles and values C. Reduced peer pressure D. Movement to a smaller, more personal school structure

B. Opportunities to explore different lifestyles and values

Which of the following statements is true about the impact of obesity on men and women? A. The risk of hypertension becomes significantly lower in obese men and women. B. Overweight women are more likely to be depressed than women who are not overweight. C. Obese adults are usually immune to the threat of cardiovascular diseases. D. There is vast difference in the mental health problems suffered by obese men and by those men who are not obese.

B. Overweight women are more likely to be depressed than women who are not overweight.

Which of the following is NOT a myth about parenting? A. A child is an extension of the parent B. Parenting requires some training C. Parenting is an instinctual process D. The birth of a child will save a failing marriage

B. Parenting requires some training

According to the Seattle Longitudinal Study, which of the following abilities showed signs of early decline? A. Spatial orientation B. Perceptual speed C. Inductive reasoning D. Verbal memory

B. Perceptual speed

Holly is a quiet and introverted person. She feels stressed whenever she has to interact with a lot of people. Which of the following BEST describes this aspect of Holly's identity? A. Interests B. Personality C. Physical identity D. Relationship identity

B. Personality

81. Which of the following is a gene-linked abnormality? A. Down syndrome. B. Phenylketonuria (PKU). C. Turner syndrome. D. Klinefelter syndrome.

B. Phenylketonuria (PKU).

18. _____ are the building blocks of cells as well as the regulators that direct the body's processes. A. Genes B. Proteins C. Ribosomes D. DNA

B. Proteins

Identify a strategy that can help prevent students from dropping out of school. A. Enrolling the students only in a community-based education and reducing parental monitoring. B. Provide early intervention for reading problems C. Facilitating and emphasizing peer learning D. Rotating the students through teachers in high school

B. Provide early intervention for reading problems

Which of the following statements is supported by Crystal Park's research on chronic stress and religious experiences? A. Individuals who are religious rarely experience a disruption in their values after the death of a loved one. B. Religion can serve as a meaning system through which the bereaved are able to reframe their loss. C. Nonreligious individuals show better adjustment to the loss of a loved one than religious individuals. D. Initially, religion is linked with less depressed feelings about a loved one's death.

B. Religion can serve as a meaning system through which the bereaved are able to reframe their loss.

Which of the following aspects of life do middle-aged adults feel they have less control over? A. Finances B. Sex life C. Work D. Marriage

B. Sex life

Lillian is 50 years old. Her doctor has noticed a sharp decrease in her estrogen levels, and Lillian is complaining of nausea and fatigue. Based on these symptoms, what could be her initial diagnosis? A. She has hyperthyroidism. B. She is going through menopause. C. She is going through postpartum depression. D. She has atherosclerosis.

B. She is going through menopause

Which of the following statements about intergenerational relations is true? A. Individuals who had conflicts with their parents in adolescence reported greater closeness with their parents in early adulthood. B. Similarity between parents and an adult child is most noticeable in religion and politics. C. Children who spent less time in shared activities with their parents earlier in their lives provided more support to their parents as they became older. D. Parents who smoked early and often, and who persisted in becoming regular smokers, were less likely to have adolescents who became smokers.

B. Similarity between parents and an adult child is most noticeable in religion and politics.

Which of the following is NOT one of John Gottman's seven main principles that determine whether a marriage will work? A. Overcoming gridlock B. Solving perpetual conflicts C. Letting your partner influence you D. Creating shared meaning

B. Solving perpetual conflicts

Which of the following is true about substance abuse? A. In 2010, the percentage of individuals who engaged in binge drinking increased considerably in the middle and late adulthood years. B. Substance abuse among older adults is an "invisible epidemic" in the United States. C. The frequency of binge drinking (defined as four or more drinks for women and five or more drinks for men on one occasion in the past 30 days) was lowest among older adults. D. Screening questionnaires are appropriate for eliminating substance abuse among for older adults.

B. Substance abuse among older adults is an "invisible epidemic" in the United States.

Which of the following is the third-leading cause of death in 10- to 19-year-olds today in the United States? A. Homicide B. Suicide C. Motor vehicle accidents D. Infectious diseases

B. Suicide

Sita is girl who lives in India; Suki is a girl who lives in Japan. They both have two older brothers. According to research, who is most likely to have better access to education? A. Sita B. Suki C. They both have a poor chance at receiving an education. D. They both have an equally good chance at receiving an education.

B. Suki

Which of the following is typical of the health condition during early and late middle age? A. Frequency of accidents increases B. Susceptibility to colds and allergies decreases C. Wakeful periods during sleep decrease D. Incidence of chronic disorders decreases

B. Susceptibility to colds and allergies decreases

Which of the following athletes would be most likely to peak the earliest? A. Golfer B. Swimmer C. Marathon runner D. Baseball player

B. Swimmer

92. Benny has been diagnosed with a gene-linked abnormality characterized by deceleration of mental and physical development caused by an accumulation of lipids in the nervous system. He has been put on medication and a special diet, but his family has been told that he will probably not live beyond the age of five. Benny is suffering from: A. spina bifida. B. Tay-Sachs disease. C. phenylketonuria. D. Huntington's disease.

B. Tay-Sachs disease.

One strategy for reducing adolescent pregnancy is the _____ that focuses on engaging adolescents in volunteer community service and stimulates discussions that help adolescents appreciate the lessons they learn through volunteerism. A. Health Bridge program B. Teen Outreach program C. Girls, Inc., program D. Will Power/Won't Power program

B. Teen Outreach program

Brian was of average weight throughout his childhood and in college. However, he has gained more than 30 pounds over the past 18 months and has become obese. Which of the following is most likely to be the cause of his obesity? A. The decline in food prices in his region. B. The absence of physical activity in his daily routine. C. The lower availability of energy-saving devices. D. The decline in his mental health problems.

B. The absence of physical activity in his daily routine.

Which of the following statements about the characteristics of a clique is NOT true? A. They can form because adolescents engage in similar activities. B. The average number of people in a clique is 8 to 10. C. Clique members are usually of the same sex. D. Clique members are usually about the same age.

B. The average number of people in a clique is 8 to 10.

Which of the following is a difference between the enhancers and the good-enoughs? A. The enhancers make the largest group of divorced individuals, whereas the good-enoughs form the smallest group of the divorced individuals. B. The enhancers are usually better at planning and are more persistent in comparison with the good-enoughs. C. The good-enoughs are competent in multiple areas of life, whereas the enhancers are poor in various aspects of life. D. The good-enoughs grew more competent, well-adjusted, and self-fulfilled following a divorce, whereas the enhancers were poor at coping with divorces.

B. The enhancers are usually better at planning and are more persistent in comparison with the good-enoughs.

Which of the following statements regarding grandparents providing full-time care for their grandchildren is NOT true? A. At least half of the grandparents who move in with their children are immigrants. B. The majority of grandparents who move in with their children and grandchildren are in poverty. C. More grandmothers than grandfathers take care of grandchildren. D. The majority of grandparents who move in to take care of grandchildren also contribute to the family income.

B. The majority of grandparents who move in with their children and grandchildren are in poverty.

Which of the following statements is true about obesity rates in United States? A. Researchers attribute the increase in obesity rates to lesser reliance on energy saving devices. B. The obesity rate has doubled in the United States since 1900. C. Obesity rates among adults are the lowest in comparison to any other age demography. D. Obesity rates have remained constant since the economic depression in 1930.

B. The obesity rate has doubled in the United States since 1900.

Statistics reveal that the profile for most centenarians (people aged 100 and older) looks unusual as compared with other older adults. What is the difference? A. These centenarians never married. B. These centenarians had a low rate of age-associated diseases. C. These centenarians were married more than once. D. These centenarians were millionaires.

B. These centenarians had a low rate of age-associated diseases.

Which of the following is a similarity among the cellular clock, free-radical, and mitochondrial theories? A. They attribute the process of aging to hormonal changes. B. They attempt to explain aging at the cellular level. C. They discount the role of genetics in aging. D. They emphasize the effects of ecological factors on aging.

B. They attempt to explain aging at the cellular level.

Which of the following best describes the action of antioxidants? A. They generate more WBC to fight off pathogens. B. They counteract the cell damage caused by free radicals. C. They increase the hemoglobin count in the circulatory system. D. They increase the muscle mass and help burn calories.

B. They counteract the cell damage caused by free radicals.

Which of the following is a shortcoming of stage theories of adult development? A. They do not adequately address universals of adult personality development. B. They do not adequately address individual variations in adult development. C. They place far too much importance on cultural variations in adult development. D. They place too much importance on individual variations in adult development.

B. They do not adequately address individual variations in adult development.

Why is menopause an important marker for women? A. It signals the loss of active sexual life for most women. B. They have to make final decisions about having children. C. They are at greater risk of contracting infectious diseases. D. They are at an increased risk of developing dementia.

B. They have to make final decisions about having children.

Which of the following reflects the attitudes of health care providers for older adults? A. They are mostly untrained in geriatric care and thus prove inefficient. B. They share society's stereotypes and negative attitudes toward older adults. C. They are mostly young and thus relate better to younger patients. D. They are mostly underpaid and thus lack motivation in providing service.

B. They share society's stereotypes and negative attitudes toward older adults.

Which of the following countries has the highest number of centenarians? A. England B. United States C. China D. Japan

B. United States

Which of the following is a major difference between Levinson's and Valliant's view on midlife? A. Unlike Valliant, according to Levinson, only males experience midlife crisis. B. Unlike Levinson, Valliant maintains that only a minority of adults experience midlife as a crisis. C. Levinson maintains that the transition period to midlife is six years, while Valliant holds it to be eight years. D. Unlike Levinson, Valliant's study was mainly focused on white, middle-aged, male population within the upper SES of society.

B. Unlike Levinson, Valliant maintains that only a minority of adults experience midlife as a crisis.

Which of the following is a difference between the enhancers and the competent loners? A. The enhancers account for about 40 percent of the divorce group, whereas the competent loners account for about 10 percent of the divorce group. B. Unlike enhancers, the competent loners have little interest in sharing their lives with anyone else. C. The competent loners show a remarkable ability to bounce back from stress, whereas the enhancers succumb to stressful circumstances. D. The competent loners have many females in its divorce group, while the enhancers is primarily a males dominated divorce group.

B. Unlike enhancers, the competent loners have little interest in sharing their lives with anyone else.

1. If researchers measure an individual's self-esteem at ages 10, 20, 30, and 40 years, where are they likely to find the most stability? A. When measured at the age of 10 and then again at the age of 30. B. When measured at the age of 20 and then again at the age of 30. C. When measured at the age of 20 and then again at the age of 40. D. When measured at the age of 10 and then again at the age of 40.

B. When measured at the age of 20 and then again at the age of 30.

Which of the following statements is true about bisexuality? A. There is lack of evidence to support that bisexuality is a stable orientation which involves attraction to both sexes. B. Women are usually more likely than men to identify themselves as bisexuals. C. Physiological responses for bisexuals during sexual arousals vastly differ to those who are heterosexuals. D. Bisexuality is predominantly viewed as sexual attraction to males than to females.

B. Women are usually more likely than men to identify themselves as bisexuals.

Mr. Chang works at a boring but tense job. Stress from his job keeps him up late on most nights. Mr. Chang is experiencing the stress of: A. a major life event. B. a daily hassle. C. a middle-age development crisis. D. psychological generativity.

B. a daily hassle.

Almost half of the grandchildren who move in with grandparents are raised by: A. both grandparents. B. a single grandmother. C. a single grandfather. D. both paternal and maternal grandparents.

B. a single grandmother.

Questions such as, "To which age group do you belong?" and "How old do you feel?" reflect the concept of _____. A. mental age B. age identity C. chronological age D. age stereotype

B. age identity

As per the study conducted by Lachman, Maier, & Budner in 2000, it was found that _____ of the individuals 65 to 69 years of age considered themselves middle-aged. A. almost all B. almost half C. one-third D. one-fourth

B. almost half

77. Phenylketonuria (PKU) is a genetic disorder in which the individual cannot properly metabolize phenylalanine, which is a(n) _____. A. vitamin B. amino acid C. mineral D. carbohydrate

B. amino acid

Crystallized intelligence is: A. an individual's ability to reason abstractly. B. an individual's accumulated information and verbal skills. C. an individual's ability to think hypothetically. D. an individual's ability to use deductive reasoning.

B. an individual's accumulated information and verbal skills.

13. Apart from chronological age, individuals may have all of the following age categorizations EXCEPT: A. biological age. B. anthropological age. C. psychological age. D. social age.

B. anthropological age.

Rose's ex-boyfriend, Peter, describes her as clingy and dependent. During their relationship, she always told that she was loved and wanted to rush into marriage. She also kept tabs on Peter and was jealous of all his female friends and colleagues. Rose seems to have a(n) _____ attachment style. A. secure B. anxious C. conflicted D. avoidant

B. anxious

Defects in mitochondria have been linked with all of the following conditions EXCEPT: A. cardiovascular disease. B. arthritis. C. decline in liver function. D. Alzheimer disease.

B. arthritis.

According to Mario Mikulincer and Phillip Shaver, _____ individuals have the ability to control their emotions, are optimistic, and are resilient. A. attachment-avoidant B. attachment-secure C. attachment-repellant D. attachment-anxious

B. attachment-secure

Recent research revealed that _____ parenting was linked to lower adolescent alcohol consumption. A. authoritarian B. authoritative C. neglectful D. indulgent

B. authoritative

Factors at age 50 that were linked with being in the "happy-well" group at age 75 to 80 years of age included all of the following EXCEPT: A. being well-educated. B. being wealthy. C. having a stable marriage. D. being forgiving.

B. being wealthy.

Giving nursing home residents more control over their daily schedules is: A. harmful. B. beneficial. C. anxiety-provoking. D. usually not necessary for patients that age.

B. beneficial.

Irene, age 16, is a first-generation immigrant whose parents came to the United States from Ukraine when she was just a baby. Irene enjoys many of the same things that her American friends do, but respects her culture's traditions and speaks to her parents in their native language. Irene seems to have formed a _____ identity. A. additive B. bicultural C. multiplicative D. culturally confused

B. bicultural

Jordan is very afraid of gaining weight but she cannot control her eating habits. She has been making up for her eating binges by vomiting immediately after a meal or by purging with laxatives. This pattern of behavior has been occurring thrice a week for the past four months. Jordan is most likely suffering from: A. anorexia nervosa. B. bulimia nervosa. C. sickle-cell anemia. D. hypochondria.

B. bulimia nervosa.

A recent study of 70- to 75-year-olds revealed that a higher body mass index (BMI) was associated with all-cause mortality risk, with the greatest risk occurring for death due to: A. kidney disease. B. cardiovascular disease. C. cancer. D. liver disease.

B. cardiovascular disease.

The Family Matters program was designed to help families of adolescents to reduce the amount of: A. domestic violence. B. cigarette and alcohol use. C. adolescent pregnancies. D. juvenile delinquency.

B. cigarette and alcohol use.

A major study conducted by Fisher, Cullen, & Turner in 2000 focused on campus sexual assault, involved a phone survey of 4,446 women attending two- or four-year colleges. As per the study, the highest percentage of women reported being victims of attempted rape were done by a(n) _____. A. boyfriend B. classmate C. ex-boyfriend D. acquaintance

B. classmate

Recent research suggests that: A. cohabiting before marriage increases marital satisfaction. B. cohabiting before marriage increases the likelihood of divorce. C. cohabiting couples have less difficulty owning property jointly. D. cohabiting couples face less disapproval from parents and other family members.

B. cohabiting before marriage increases the likelihood of divorce.

Brenda and Jonathan have been married for 15 years. When Brenda develops a potentially fatal lung disease, Jonathan retires in order to care for Brenda. This shows that Brenda and Jonathan's relationship has a high level of _____. A. infatuation B. commitment C. fatuous love D. passion

B. commitment

Sandra and Tom divorced after an 18-year marriage when Tom left Sandra for his colleague. Since the divorce 2 years ago, Sandra has been promoted in her job, has an active social life with her friends, and has taken up golf. However, when her friends suggest that she meet a man, Sandra tells them that she has no interest in men and that she is really quite content with her life. Sandra is a(n): A. defeated divorcee. B. competent loner. C. enhancer. D. libertine.

B. competent loner.

27. The _____, where fibers connect the brain's left and right hemispheres, thickens in adolescence, and this improves adolescents' ability to process information. A. amygdala B. corpus callosum C. parietal lobe D. temporal lobe

B. corpus callosum

The _____ model of personality development states that with time and age people become more adept at interacting with their environment in ways that promote increased stability in personality. A. conditioning B. cumulative personality C. reciprocity D. social learning

B. cumulative personality

86. Gina's boyfriend forced her to have sexual intercourse with him during their last date. Gina has encountered: A. marital rape. B. date or acquaintance rape. C. sexual harassment. D. sexual coercion, not amounting to rape.

B. date or acquaintance rape.

In the United States, the average age of menarche has _____ since the mid-nineteenth century. A. increased marginally B. declined significantly C. increased significantly D. not changed

B. declined significantly

In the last half of the twentieth century and the first several years of the twenty-first century, U.S. high school dropout rates: A. increased. B. declined. C. remained unchanged. D. plateaued.

B. declined.

Since the early 1900s, the goal of maintaining a stable marriage has: A. become even more important than ever. B. decreased in its level of relative importance. C. replaced self-fulfillment as the most important life goal. D. been replaced by self-fulfillment as the most important life goal.

B. decreased in its level of relative importance.

Anorexic people and bulimic people differ in the: A. severity of their disorders. B. degree of restrictions they place on food intake. C. psychological factors underlying their disorders. D. degree of control they have over their families' demands of them.

B. degree of restrictions they place on food intake.

Individuals with an anxious attachment style: A. are hesitant about getting involved in romantic relationships, but are committed once they are in one. B. demand closeness in relationships and are more emotional. C. are less likely than others to have one-night stands. D. tend to distance themselves from their partner.

B. demand closeness in relationships and are more emotional.

The vision of older adults can be affected by age-related changes. One of these changes, which can make steps or street curbs difficult to manage, is a decline in: A. eye-hand coordination. B. depth perception. C. ocular elasticity. D. color vision.

B. depth perception.

A number of leading experts on adolescent sexuality conclude that education programs that emphasize contraceptive knowledge: A. are less likely to reduce the risk of adolescent pregnancy than abstinence-only programs. B. do not increase the incidence of sexual intercourse. C. are no more likely to reduce the risk of sexually-transmitted infections than abstinence-only programs. D. result in an increase in the incidence of sexual intercourse.

B. do not increase the incidence of sexual intercourse.

53. A(n) _____ gene overrides the potential influence of a recessive gene. A. longevity B. dominant C. susceptible D. aggressive

B. dominant

49. In some cases, one gene of a pair always exerts its effects overriding the potential influence of the other gene. This is the _____ principle. A. sex-linked genes B. dominant-recessive genes C. genetic imprinting D. polygenic inheritance

B. dominant-recessive genes

Mary Carskadon and her colleagues concluded from their research of the sleep patterns of U.S. adolescents that: A. schools should start and end earlier to help adolescents to keep to earlier bedtimes. B. early school starting times may be linked to negative outcomes for adolescents. C. early school starting times are conducive to the sleep patterns of older adolescents but not to those of younger adolescents. D. early school starting times are most conducive to the sleep patterns of adolescents.

B. early school starting times may be linked to negative outcomes for adolescents.

7. Puberty: A. is the same as adolescence. B. ends long before adolescence does. C. occurs in a single, sudden event. D. has an easily identifiable beginning and ending.

B. ends long before adolescence

110. According to E. Mavis Hetherington's research, the _____ account for 20 percent of the divorced group. A. good-enoughs B. enhancers C. libertines D. seekers

B. enhancers

16. The hormone that is associated with breast, uterine, and skeletal development in girls is: A. progesterone. B. estradiol. C. luteinizing hormone. D. gonadotropin-releasing hormone.

B. estradiol.

In menopause, production of _____ by the ovaries declines dramatically. A. testosterone B. estrogen C. adrenaline D. insulin

B. estrogen

Stages of adulthood in the Gusii culture of Kenya are defined by: A. a person's age. B. events in a person's life. C. the evaluations of the elders within a culture. D. the type of midlife crisis a person experiences.

B. events in a person's life.

115. Charlie is a cooperative, attentive child and is a favorite at home and school; and he receives positive, instructive responses from adults. This is indicative of a(n): A. passive genotype-environment correlation. B. evocative genotype-environment correlation. C. influential genotype-environment correlation. D. active (niche-picking) genotype-environment correlation.

B. evocative genotype-environment correlation.

8. The food-scarce environment of our ancestors likely led to humans' propensity to gorge when food is available and to crave high-caloric foods—a trait that might lead to an epidemic of obesity when food is plentiful. This illustrates how: A. socialization influences the development of behavior and cognitive skills in human beings. B. evolved mechanisms are not always adaptive in contemporary society. C. organisms pass on characteristics they had acquired during their lifetime to their offspring. D. the benefits of evolutionary selection decrease with age.

B. evolved mechanisms are not always adaptive in contemporary society.

Which of the following is NOT a component of Sternberg's triangular theory of love? A. passion B. exchange C. commitment D. intimacy

B. exchange

Bob worships his colleague Anne. He loves her from afar but there is no intimacy or closeness between them. Sternberg would characterize this as _____ love. A. consummate B. fatuous C. affectionate D. passionate

B. fatuous

If passion and commitment are present but intimacy is not, Sternberg calls the relationship _____ love, as when one person worships another from a distance. A. romantic B. fatuous C. affectionate D. consummate

B. fatuous

When men face stress, they are more likely to respond in a: A. composed manner. B. fight-or-flight manner. C. stagnant manner. D. tend-and-befriend pattern.

B. fight-or-flight manner.

According to Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi, _____ refers to a heightened state of pleasure experienced when we are engaged in mental and physical challenges that absorb us. A. bliss B. flow C. euphoria D. nirvana

B. flow

According to Jean Piaget, around age 11, the fourth stage of cognitive development, the _____ stage, begins. A. concrete operational B. formal operational C. postoperational D. passive operational

B. formal operational

Eriksonian researcher James Marcia reasons that Erikson's theory of identity development contains _____ of identity, or ways of resolving the identity crisis. A. five stages B. four statuses C. five statuses D. six stages

B. four statuses

Saeko has committed herself to the continuation and improvement of society as a whole through her connection and relationship with their children and grandchildren. According to Erikson, she is _____. A. self-absorbed B. generative C. stagnant D. apathetic

B. generative

James, an American, will be most likely considered as an adult by his peers and community when he _____, whereas Nirmal, an Indian, will be most likely considered as an adult by his community when he _____. A. moves out of the house; graduates from college B. gets a full-time job; gets married C. turns 21; becomes financially independent D. gets married; buys his first home

B. gets a full-time job; gets married

Identity development: A. is a single, neat process. B. gets done in bits and pieces. C. happens cataclysmically. D. involves making decisions once and for all.

B. gets done in bits and pieces.

Adult development experts are virtually unanimous in their belief that midlife crises: A. have been validated. B. have been exaggerated. C. have no cross-cultural validity. D. have been underestimated.

B. have been exaggerated.

A study of tenth-graders revealed that: A. the number of romantic experiences reported had no link with levels of social acceptance experienced by adolescents. B. having more romantic experience was linked to a higher level of substance use and delinquency. C. co-rumination and romantic involvement predicted a decrease in depressive symptoms. D. having no experience of romantic relationships is a consistent predictor of depression and deviant behavior.

B. having more romantic experience was linked to a higher level of substance use and delinquency.

Karen, aged 21, is a senior in college but her mother calls her five or six times a day to "check in" and to ask Karen what she is doing, what she had for lunch, and so on. This type of parenting has been called _____ parenting. A. pathological B. helicopter C. boomerang D. indulgent

B. helicopter

Condoms are less effective against the spread of _____. A. syphilis B. herpes C. chlamydia D. gonorrhea

B. herpes

Sensitivity to _____ sounds usually declines first among _____. A. high-pitched; women B. high-pitched; men C. low-pitched; women D. low-pitched; men

B. high-pitched; men

Lorenzo was born during the depression era in the U.S. Now he and others who were born at about the same time show greater cognitive decline than people born at later times. This illustrates that cohort effects are differences based on: A. gender. B. historical contexts. C. genetic traits. D. cultural aspects.

B. historical contexts.

In the formal operational stage, adolescents begin to think more as a scientist thinks, devising plans to solve problems and systematically testing solutions. This type of problem solving requires _____. A. trial-and-error reasoning B. hypothetical-deductive reasoning C. concrete operational reasoning D. preconventional reasoning

B. hypothetical-deductive reasoning

26. Ramon's parents have decided that he will enroll in a liberal arts course in the state college near their hometown. Ramon has not really thought about the issue much himself, and he will most likely follow their advice. James Marcia would classify Ramon's identity status as: A. identity diffusion. B. identity foreclosure. C. identity moratorium. D. identity achievement.

B. identity foreclosure.

According to Erik Erikson, during the _____ stage, adolescents are faced with deciding who they are, what they are all about, and where they are going in life. A. autonomy versus shame and doubt B. identity versus identity confusion C. initiative versus guilt D. intimacy versus isolation

B. identity versus identity confusion

105. By far the most common high-tech assisted reproduction technique used is _____. A. artificial insemination B. in vitro fertilization C. spermatogenesis D. in vivo fertilization

B. in vitro fertilization

Because of a decline in the functioning of the immune systems, vaccination against _____ is especially important in older adults. A. acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) B. influenza C. osteoarthritis D. osteoporosis

B. influenza

Researchers have extended the life of a human cell by: A. removing the cap of the DNA molecule. B. injecting it with telomerase. C. rearranging the DNA sequences. D. splicing the 18th and 19th chromosomes.

B. injecting it with telomerase.

Theodore Wachs proposed ways that linkages between temperament in childhood and personality in adulthood might vary depending on the: A. genetic makeup of the individual. B. intervening contexts in individuals' experience. C. age at which the child exhibited the personality trait. D. brain development of the individual.

B. intervening contexts in individuals' experience.

63. According to Robert J. Sternberg's triarchic theory of love, _____ relates to the emotional feelings of warmth, closeness, and sharing in a relationship. A. attachment B. intimacy C. commitment D. passion

B. intimacy

Erikson describes _____ as finding oneself while losing oneself in another person, and it requires a commitment to another person. A. friendship B. intimacy C. attachment D. temperament

B. intimacy

105. In contrast to Piaget's views, the development of formal operational thinking: A. does not occur during adolescence. B. is promoted by education in the logic of science and mathematics. C. is unaffected by the influence of culture and education. D. is commonly seen among all American adults.

B. is promoted by education in the logic of science and mathematics

The four problems that affect most adolescents are drug abuse, sexual problems, school-related problems, and _____. A. career choice dilemmas B. juvenile delinquency C. peer-related problems D. family problems

B. juvenile delinquency

Fast Track is an intervention program that attempts to lower the risk of: A. teen pregnancy. B. juvenile delinquency. C. teen suicide. D. adolescent depression.

B. juvenile delinquency.

Analysis of the World Values Survey of 18- to 24-year-olds in less developed and more developed countries revealed that emerging adults in _____. A. more developed countries were more likely to be religious B. less developed countries were more likely to be religious C. both less developed and more developed countries were equally highly religious D. both less developed and more developed countries were not religious

B. less developed countries were more likely to be religious

Research indicates that links between early attachment styles and later attachment styles were _____ by stressful and disruptive experiences. A. not impacted by B. lessened C. facilitated D. enhanced

B. lessened

18. The average adult in middle adulthood _____ height and _____ weight. A. loses; loses B. loses; gains C. gains; gains D. gains; loses

B. loses; gains

According to the Mitchell and Helson study, conditions that distinguished the lives of women in their early fifties from those of women in other age periods included all of the following EXCEPT: A. more "empty nests." B. lower health. C. higher income. D. more concern for parents.

B. lower health.

Both divorced women and divorced men complain of all of the following EXCEPT: A. diminished self-esteem. B. lowered sexual gratification. C. anxiety about the unknowns in their lives. D. difficulty in forming satisfactory new intimate relationships.

B. lowered sexual gratification.

Silas is a man who is in his late seventies. He has a condition characterized by hypertension, obesity, and insulin resistance. This is otherwise known as: A. diabetic neuropathy. B. metabolic syndrome. C. internal atrophy. D. neurodegeneration.

B. metabolic syndrome.

According to Lachman, researchers have found that on average a sense of personal control peaks in _____ and then declines. A. early adulthood B. midlife C. adolescence D. late adulthood

B. midlife

The researchers in the Mills College Study concluded that rather than being in a midlife crisis, the women were experiencing _____. A. perimenopausal agitation B. midlife consciousness C. the empty nest syndrome D. generational unlearning

B. midlife consciousness

The _____ theory states that aging is due to the decay of _____. A. free-radical; oxygen molecules B. mitochondrial; mitochondria C. stress; nutrients D. free-radical; mitochondria

B. mitochondrial; mitochondria

In the Berkeley Longitudinal Study some years ago, early-maturing boys perceived themselves _____ than did their late-maturing counterparts. When the late-maturing boys were in their thirties, however, they had developed a _____ than the early-maturing boys had. A. as an anomaly; stronger feeling of inadequacy B. more positively; stronger sense of identity C. as misfits; a more negative self-image D. more negatively; deeper sense of regret

B. more positively; stronger sense of identity

121. Parents often interact differently with each sibling, and siblings interact differently with parents. Even these experiences occurring within the family can be part of the _____ of siblings. A. shared environment B. nonshared environment C. shared genes D. nonshared genes

B. nonshared environment

A recent meta-analysis of 124 studies by Jane Kroger and her colleagues found that a large portion of individuals were _____ by the time they reached their twenties. A. not identity diffused B. not identity achieved C. identity confused D. identity achieved

B. not identity achieved

Levinson sees the twenties as a(n) _____ phase of adult development. A. stagnant B. novice C. expert D. generative

B. novice

A study revealed that hearing loss was associated with a reduction in cognitive function in _____. A. infants B. older adults C. young women D. middle-aged men

B. older adults

68. Klinefelter syndrome occurs approximately _____ live male births. A. once in every 100 B. once in every 600 C. once in every 10,000 D. once in every 100,000

B. once in every 600

13. As an alternative to "_____ evolutionism" presented in evolutionary psychology, Albert Bandura proposed a _____ view. A. bidirectional; unidirectional B. one-sided; bidirectional C. dynamic; linear D. balanced; biased

B. one-sided; bidirectional

Although there are differences in the quality of care in nursing homes and other extended-care facilities in the United States, more than _____ are considered to be seriously deficient. A. one-quarter B. one-third C. one-half D. three-quarters

B. one-third

At 60 years of age, the retina receives only about _____ as much light as it did at 20 years of age. A. one-half B. one-third C. one-quarter D. one-tenth

B. one-third

A study by Sharp and others revealed that _____ was related to superior cognitive functioning and IQ across the life span. A. agreeableness B. openness C. extraversion D. neuroticism

B. openness

Selena walks with a marked stoop now that she is old. This is most likely due to _____. A. bursitis B. osteoporosis C. arthritis D. diabetes

B. osteoporosis

More than 1,000 colleges in the United States offer cooperative (co-op) programs, which are: A. service jobs on campus. B. paid apprenticeships in a field that students are interested in pursuing. C. community service programs. D. internships with local companies.

B. paid apprenticeships in a field that students are interested in pursuing.

Jacqueline nurtures and guides her children. According to Erikson, she has achieved _____ generativity. A. biological B. parental C. work D. cultural

B. parental

48. For each genotype, a range of _____ can be expressed, thus providing a source of variability. A. genetic imprints B. phenotypes C. karyotypes D. mesotypes

B. phenotypes

80. Mateo is on a special diet because his parents are aware that he cannot metabolize phenylalanine, an amino acid. Buildup of this amino acid in his system could result in mental retardation. Mateo has: A. Down syndrome. B. phenylketonuria (PKU). C. sickle-cell anemia. D. Huntington's disease.

B. phenylketonuria (PKU).

Middle-aged Americans agree that a major component of their well-being involves: A. physical health. B. positive relationships. C. recovery from midlife crisis. D. better financial situation.

B. positive relationships.

Some theorists have pieced together cognitive changes in young adults and proposed a new stage of cognitive development. This stage is termed as _____. A. preformal thought B. postformal thought C. postconventional thought D. preconventional thought

B. postformal thought

Each of the following explanations has been given to explain the longevity of persons living in Okinawa EXCEPT: A. eating a diet that is heavy on grains and vegetables. B. retiring early from jobs. C. a high inclination toward spirituality among the elderly. D. a low-stress lifestyle.

B. retiring early from jobs.

On an assessment of attachment styles modeled on Hazan and Shaver's questionnaire, Alicia described herself thus: "I find it relatively easy to get close to others and I am comfortable depending on them and having them depend on me. I don't worry about being abandoned or about someone getting too close to me". Alicia seems to have a(n): A. avoidant attachment style. B. secure attachment style. C. anxious attachment style. D. gregarious attachment style

B. secure attachment style.

116. Davis's divorce was final just last week, and already he is out looking for a new romantic relationship. Davis is a(n): A. competent loner. B. seeker. C. enhancer. D. codependent.

B. seeker.

An aspect of _____ that involves having the confidence in one's ability to adapt one's thinking to a particular situation is important in being cognitively flexible. A. self-esteem B. self-efficacy C. self-concept D. self-image

B. self-efficacy

Margie Lachman and her colleagues argue that having a _____ is one of the most important modifiable factors in delaying the onset of diseases in middle adulthood and reducing the frequency of diseases in late adulthood. A. high body mass index B. sense of control in middle age C. low calorie diet in middle adulthood D. low number of NK cells

B. sense of control in middle age

According to Ellen Berscheid, the most important ingredient of romantic love is: A. friendship. B. sexual desire. C. long-term commitment. D. spontaneity in behavior.

B. sexual desire.

78. The gradual decline in men's testosterone levels in middle age can reduce their _____. A. lung capacity B. sexual drive C. infertility D. thyroid levels

B. sexual drive

According to a recent study conducted by VanKim & Laska, college students from low-SES backgrounds _____ when compared to their higher-SES counterparts. A. engaged in higher levels of physical activity B. showed unhealthy weight control C. ate more fruits and vegetables D. ate less fast food

B. showed unhealthy weight control

82. Tamera has a genetic disorder where her red blood cells take on a hook shape instead of the normal disk shape. The doctors tell Tamera's parents that she has _____, and that this condition also provides her with a resistance to malaria. A. Tay-Sach's disease B. sickle-cell anemia C. leukemia D. Huntington's disease

B. sickle-cell anemia

The amount of daily discretionary time that American adolescents have is _____ what adolescents have in East Asia. A. significantly less than B. significantly more than C. equal to D. declining compared with

B. significantly more than

Adolescent use of alcohol has recently shown a(n) _____. A. insignificant change B. sizeable decline C. mild increase D. significant increase

B. sizeable decline

According to Viktor Frankl, the three most distinct human qualities are freedom, responsibility, and _____. A. authority B. spirituality C. fraternity D. industry

B. spirituality

62. There is a "one-third rule'' for alcoholism: By age 65, one-third are dead or in terrible shape, one-third are abstinent or drinking socially, and one-third are _____. A. holding out against treatment B. still trying to beat their addiction C. resigned to alcoholism D. hopeless about recovery

B. still trying to beat their addiction

Nicotine is a _____. A. depressant B. stimulant C. narcotic D. sedative

B. stimulant

According to Levinson, the _____ rests on how effectively an individual reduces the polarities and accepts each of them as an integral part of his or her being. A. failure of adolescent transition B. success of the midlife transition C. success of transition into early adulthood D. success of transition into late adulthood

B. success of the midlife transition

One of the challenges in the health care given to elderly patients is that elderly patients: A. fail to communicate well with their physicians. B. take a relatively passive role in their own treatment. C. are overly concerned about their own health. D. are suspicious of the treatment they receive.

B. take a relatively passive role in their own treatment.

According to the cellular clock theory, after about 70 or 80 replications, the cell no longer can reproduce and the _____ are dramatically reduced. A. mitochondria B. telomeres C. chromosomes D. sperm cells

B. telomeres

Age-related loss of muscle strength is especially marked in: A. the upper arms. B. the back and legs. C. the jaw and face. D. the chest and abdomen.

B. the back and legs

In interviews with 12- to 22-year-olds about finding their purpose in life, William Damon found that: A. most expressed no aspirations, and in some instances said they didn't see any reason to have aspirations. B. the largest percentage had engaged in some potentially purposeful activities, but still did not have a real commitment or any reasonable plans for reaching their goals. C. most have a clear vision of where they want to go in life, what they want to achieve, and why. D. most of those who had engaged in service learning or career counseling had a commitment and reasonable plans for reaching their goals.

B. the largest percentage had engaged in some potentially purposeful activities, but still did not have a real commitment or any reasonable plans for reaching their goals.

At the end of the first year post-divorce, which of the following are most likely to grow disillusioned with their sensation-seeking lifestyle and subsequently wanting a stable relationship? A. the seekers B. the libertines C. the competent loners D. the defeated

B. the libertines

Data from 2009 indicate that in the U.S. for the first time in history: A. adults began to cohabit instead of entering into marriages. B. the proportion of individuals 25 to 34 years of age who have never been married exceeded those who were married. C. the percentage of cohabiting adults began to decline. D. the proportion of individuals 25 to 34 years of age who are or have been married exceeded those who have never been married.

B. the proportion of individuals 25 to 34 years of age who have never been married exceeded those who were married.

According to a recent study of more than 17,000 Chinese 11- to 22-year-olds, males in China have a higher rate of depression than females because: A. they experience puberty earlier than females. B. they have a less positive coping style. C. they have a negative self-image. D. they face more discrimination than females.

B. they have a less positive coping style.

Researchers have found that male rapists share the following characteristics: aggression enhances their sense of power or masculinity; they are angry at women in general; and _____. A. they have an overwhelming need for sex. B. they want to hurt and humiliate their victims. C. they believe that the victim was not hurt by the rape. D. they are generally physically strong men.

B. they want to hurt and humiliate their victims.

When students make the transition to middle or junior high school, they experience the _____ phenomenon, moving from being the oldest, biggest, and most powerful students in the elementary school to being the youngest, smallest, and least powerful students in the middle or junior high school. A. big-brother B. top-dog C. domino effect D. underdog

B. top-dog

In such fields as lyric poetry, abstract math, and theoretical physics, the peak of creativity is often reached during _____. A. late fifties B. twenties or thirties C. early adolescence D. old age

B. twenties or thirties

William wants to know how he can keep his young son out of trouble. Typically, he should do all of the following EXCEPT: A. encourage skilled behavior. B. use harsh discipline. C. actively monitor his son. D. try to keep track of his son's whereabouts.

B. use harsh discipline.

According to the Pew Research Center, in 2011 the average age for first marriage in the U.S.: A. was higher for women than men. B. was higher than at any other point in history. C. declined to an all-time low. D. was the same as it was in 1980.

B. was higher than at any other point in history.

Individuals with metabolic syndrome who _____ reduced their risk of developing cardiovascular disease. A. maintained a high blood glucose level B. were physically active C. maintained a high LDL level D. were physically inactive

B. were physically active

The matching hypothesis says that we choose partners: A. who have similar values. B. who are close to our level of physical attractiveness. C. on the basis of proximity. D. who have opposing personality traits.

B. who are close to our level of physical attractiveness.

Ishmael is experiencing a lot of stress at the workplace. Trends indicated in a recent national survey of U.S. adults suggest that Ishmael: A. is likely to view stress as a positive thing. B. will be less productive because of stress. C. will be energized by the stress. D. will not make important career decisions based on the stress.

B. will be less productive because of stress.

According to cognitive aging expert Denise Park, the slowdown in learning new information has been linked to changes in: A. dopamine levels. B. working memory. C. cognitive atrophy. D. neurotransmitter dysfunctions.

B. working memory.

Maria is 80 years old. She is considered _____. A. youngest-old B. young-old C. oldest-old D. middle-aged

B. young-old

A dropout prevention program functions by "adopting" entire grades from public elementary schools, or corresponding age cohorts from public housing developments. These children are then provided with a program of academic, social, cultural, and recreational activities throughout their elementary, middle school, and high school years. Identify this program. A. Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation program B. The Growing Together program C. "I Have a Dream" (IHAD) program D. The Teen Outreach Program (TOP)

C. "I Have a Dream" (IHAD) program

LDL is often referred to as _____ cholesterol. A. "simple" B. "good" C. "bad" D. "white"

C. "bad"

83. Approximately, _____ African Americans is a carrier for sickle-cell anemia. A. 1 in 50 B. 1 in 100 C. 1 in 10 D. 1 in 200

C. 1 in 10

78. Phenylketonuria (PKU) occurs in approximately _____ live births. A. 1 of every 100 to 200 B. 1 of every 1,000 to 2,000 C. 1 of every 10,000 to 20,000 D. 1 of every 100,000 to 150,000

C. 1 of every 10,000 to 20,000

National data indicates that the percentage of overweight U.S. 12- to 19-year-olds increased from _____ percent in the early 1990s to nearly _____ percent in 2011-2012. A. 60; 80 B. 39; 48 C. 11; 21 D. 20; 25

C. 11; 21

The peak rate of pubertal change occurs at _____ years for girls and _____ years for boys. A. 13; 14½ B. 12½; 11½ C. 11½; 13½ D. 10½; 13

C. 11½; 13½

Based on the ways cells divide, Hayflick places the upper limit of the human life-span potential at about _____ years of age. A. 90 to 100 B. 100 to 110 C. 120 to 125 D. 110 to 119

C. 120 to 125

At approximately the age of _____ years, two types of romantic involvement occur: casual dating and dating in groups. A. 8 to 9 B. 11 to 13 C. 14 to 16 D. 17 to 19

C. 14 to 16

According to a developmental study, religiousness in adolescents or young adults declined from _____ onward. A. 18 years of age B. 20 years of age C. 14 years of age D. 24 years of age

C. 14 years of age

Rates of ever experiencing major depressive disorder range from _____ percent for adolescents. A. 5 to 10 B. 10 to 15 C. 15 to 20 D. 25 to 30

C. 15 to 20

Early bloomers include: A. 15 to 20 percent of 14- to 16-year-olds who say that they currently are in a romantic relationship. B. 10 percent of 17- to 19-year-olds who say that they have had no experience with romantic relationships. C. 15 to 20 percent of 11- to 13-year-olds who say that they currently are in a romantic relationship. D. 15 percent of 17- to 19-year-olds who report that they have not engaged in any romantic relationships that lasted more than four months.

C. 15 to 20 percent of 11- to 13-year-olds who say that they currently are in a romantic relationship.

On average, body fat accounts for about _____ of body weight in middle age. A. 5 percent B. 10 percent C. 20 percent D. 15 percent

C. 20 percent

19. Scientists had thought that humans had as many as 100,000 or more genes, but recent research indicates a figure of approximately: A. 250. B. 1,500. C. 20,500. D. 1,000,000.

C. 20,500.

A national survey conducted by National Center for Health Statistics in 2011, found that _____ percent of U.S. 20- to 39-year-olds were obese. A. 19 B. 45 C. 27 D. 10

C. 27

According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the remarriage rates per 1,000 divorced in 2011 was _____. A. 60 B. 41 C. 29 D. 88

C. 29

In a single act of unprotected sex with an infected partner, a teenage girl has a _____ percent risk of acquiring genital herpes. A. 10 B. 50 C. 30 D. 70

C. 30

28. Accommodation of the eye experiences its sharpest decline between: A. 20 and 29 years of age. B. 60 and 79 years of age. C. 40 and 59 years of age. D. 30 and 35 years of age.

C. 40 and 59 years of age.

What was the average life expectancy in 1900? A. 37 years B. 42 years C. 47 years D. 52 years

C. 47 years

In a U.S. national survey, it was found that nationally, _____ percent of twelfth-graders reported being sexually active. A. 70.75 B. 15.5 C. 47.5 D. 80.10

C. 47.5

In about _____ percent of motor vehicle fatalities involving adolescents, the driver was found to be intoxicated. A. 10 B. 30 C. 50 D. 80

C. 50

Based on the 2009 Kaiser Family Foundation survey, adding up the daily media use figures to obtain weekly media use leads to almost _____ hours a week by 15- to 18-year-olds. A. 70 B. 60 C. 56 D. 84

C. 56

83. Adolescents in the U.S. spend about _____ percent as much time on schoolwork as their East Asian counterparts do. A. 80 B. 20 C. 60 D. 40

C. 60

The young-old are people who are between: A. 40 to 50 years of age. B. 50 to 65 years of age. C. 65 to 84 years of age. D. 75 to 84 years of age.

C. 65 to 84 years of age.

In industrialized countries, the number of individuals 100 years and older is increasing at the rate of approximately _____ percent each year. A. 3 B. 5 C. 7 D. 9

C. 7

_____ percent of the men Levinson interviewed found the midlife transition tumultuous and psychologically painful, as many aspects of their lives came into question. A. 50 to 60 B. 40 to 50 C. 70 to 80 D. 10 to 20

C. 70 to 80

Three prominent meanings are attached to being a grandparent. Which of the following is NOT one of those meanings? A. Biological reward and continuity B. A remote role C. A financial strain D. A source of emotional fulfillment

C. A financial strain

Which of the following describes the federal government's exercise recommendations? A. A minimum of 15 minutes of mild exercise per day. B. A maximum of 30 minutes of moderate to vigorous exercise per day. C. A minimum of 60 minutes of moderate to vigorous exercise per day. D. A maximum of 15 minutes of mild exercise per day.

C. A minimum of 60 minutes of moderate to vigorous exercise per day.

Regina's friend has been diagnosed with a sexually transmitted infection. His symptoms include fevers, night sweats, weight loss, chronic fatigue, and swollen lymph nodes. The doctor denotes that a virus has infected his immune system. Regina's friend most likely been diagnosed with which of the following sexually transmitted infections? A. Syphilis B. Chlamydia C. AIDS D. Genital herpes

C. AIDS

Which of the following is NOT one of the five big personality traits identified by Costa and McCrae? A. Extraversion B. Openness C. Adaptability D. Conscientiousness

C. Adaptability

In Patricia Cohen's analysis, which of the following has fueled the emergence of thinking about middle age? A. More people entering adolescence earlier than in the past. B. Increased pressure to remain in the workforce and delay retirement. C. Advances in health and more people living to older ages. D. The decrease of life expectancy.

C. Advances in health and more people living to older ages.

Identify the supertrait that encompasses traits such as soft-hearted, trusting, and helpful, according to the Big Five factors of personality. A. Conscientiousness B. Openness to experience C. Agreeableness D. Extraversion

C. Agreeableness

Which of the following characterizes a person suffering from anorexia nervosa? A. A relentless pursuit of weight gain through binge eating B. A positive image of the body shape C. An intense fear of gaining weight that does not decrease with weight loss D. A high level of self-efficacy

C. An intense fear of gaining weight that does not decrease with weight loss

_____ is the most common chronic disorder in late adulthood. A. Glaucoma B. Diabetes C. Arthritis D. Kidney disease

C. Arthritis

111. _____ is the field that seeks to discover the influence of heredity and environment on individual differences in human traits and development. A. Behavior influence B. Behavior therapy C. Behavior genetics D. Behavior development

C. Behavior genetics

Which of the following BEST exemplifies the psychological concept of consensual validation? A. Complimenting someone on the positive changes made in his or her life B. Being curious about someone whose native culture differs considerably from your own C. Being comfortable with someone who values the same things that you do D. Agreeing with someone that a proposed compromise is valid and acceptable

C. Being comfortable with someone who values the same things that you do

Which of the following is a sign of aging for the average adult in middle adulthood? A. Increase in height B. Decrease in weight C. Brittle fingernails D. Loss of memory

C. Brittle fingernails

Which of the following is included in the patterns of heterosexual behavior for males and females in emerging adulthood? A. Emerging adults are less likely than young adults to have had sexual intercourse with two or more individuals. B. Males report being more selective about their sexual partners than females. C. Casual sex is more common in emerging adulthood than in young adulthood. D. Emerging adults have sex more frequently than young adults.

C. Casual sex is more common in emerging adulthood than in young adulthood.

Which of the following is mainly driving the increased media use by adolescents? A. Newspapers B. Radio C. Cell phones D. Internet cafés

C. Cell phones

_____ involves being aware that options and alternatives are available and adapting to the situation. A. Transitivity B. Cognitive dissonance C. Cognitive flexibility D. Disequilibrium

C. Cognitive flexibility

_____ love is the type of love that occurs when someone desires to have the other person near and has a deep, caring affection for the person. A. Passionate B. Fatuous C. Companionate D. Romantic

C. Companionate

Which of the following is one of the ten most frequent daily hassles for adults in middle age? A. Concerns about being lonely B. Concerns about meeting high standards C. Concerns about weight D. Wasting time

C. Concerns about weight

According to Jean Piaget, which of the following characterizes the thinking of 7- to 11-year-olds? A. Preoperational thinking B. Formal operational thinking C. Concrete operational thinking D. Sensorimotor thinking

C. Concrete operational thinking

Identify the Big Five personality factor that classifies a person as either organized or disorganized. A. Openness to experience B. Extraversion C. Conscientiousness D. Agreeableness

C. Conscientiousness

Which of the following statements about cohabitation is true? A. People who cohabitate with another person after a divorce have a higher rate of remarital happiness than people who live alone after a divorce. B. Couples who cohabitate before getting engaged have a better chance of a successful marriage than couples who wait until they are engaged to cohabitate. C. Couples who wait until they are engaged to cohabitate have a better chance of a successful marriage than couples who cohabitate before becoming engaged. D. Couples who cohabitate after getting engaged experience marital dissatisfaction earlier than the couples who cohabitate earlier.

C. Couples who wait until they are engaged to cohabitate have a better chance of a successful marriage than couples who cohabitate before becoming engaged.

15. _____ is a complex molecule with a double helix shape, like a spiral staircase, and contains genetic information. A. RNA B. Chromosome C. DNA D. Ribosome

C. DNA

Which of the following contributes to harmful weight loss, especially in women? A. Decrease in the use of protein supplements B. Use of calorie supplements between meals C. Decrease in snacking between meals D. Use of taste enhancers between meals

C. Decrease in snacking between meals

Which of the following is most typical of the vision-related issues faced by middle-aged individuals? A. Difficulty viewing moving objects B. Difficulty viewing objects on the background C. Difficulty viewing close objects D. Difficulty viewing complicated patterns

C. Difficulty viewing close objects

62. Jason was born with _____. The doctor tells his parents that this genetic disorder occurred because he has an extra copy of chromosome 21. A. fragile X syndrome B. Klinefelter disease C. Down syndrome D. Tay Sach's disease

C. Down syndrome

According to the U.S. government's Occupational Outlook Handbook, 2012-2013, which of the following areas of work are expected to account for the most new jobs in the next decade? A. Agriculture B. Manufacturing C. Education D. Primary industries

C. Education

104. Which of the following is NOT a possible explanation for infertility in a woman? A. Abnormal ova B. Blocked fallopian tubes C. Eggs lack motility D. Disease of the uterus

C. Eggs lack motility

Which of the following is NOT one of the factors that could be related to erectile problems in middle-aged men? A. Smoking B. Diabetes C. Excessive sexual activity D. Elevated cholesterol levels

C. Excessive sexual activity

According to a recent meta-analysis, which of the following program types was linked to a reduction in recidivism for juvenile offenders? A. Individual treatment B. Restorative justice C. Family treatment D. Case management

C. Family treatment

In terms of percentage of total weight, which of following increases as a person reaches late adulthood? A. Muscle B. Bone density C. Fat D. T cells

C. Fat

A study conducted by Grant, Wardle, & Steptoe explored links between health behavior and life satisfaction in more than 17,000 individuals between 17 to 30 years of age in 21 countries. Which of the following has NOT been found to be positively related to young adults' life satisfaction? A. Not smoking B. Exercising regularly C. Fiber intake D. Using sun protection

C. Fiber intake

According to Piaget, which of the following is the final stage of cognitive development? A. Sensorimotor stage B. Concrete operational stage C. Formal operational stage D. Preoperational stage

C. Formal operational stage

Which of the following is a concern related to U.S. high school education? A. High expectations for success B. High standards for learning C. Fostering of passivity in students D. Too much variety in the pathways students can take

C. Fostering of passivity in students

2. Which theorist proposed the "storm-and-stress" view that adolescence is a turbulent time charged with conflict and mood swings? A. Anna Freud B. Jean Piaget C. G. Stanley Hall D. Daniel Offer

C. G. Stanley Hall

The neurotransmitter _____, which helps to control the preciseness of the signal sent from one neuron to another, decreases with aging. A. serotonin B. dopamine C. GABA D. noradrenaline

C. GABA

125. _____ is the interaction of a specific measured variation in the DNA and a specific measured aspect of the environment. A. Heredity-environment correlation B. Evocative genotype-environment correlation C. Gene x environment (G x E) interaction D. Passive genotype-environment interaction

C. Gene x environment (G x E) interaction

Which of the following statements is true about Erikson's stage of generativity versus stagnation? A. Universally, research refutes Erikson's theory that generativity is an important dimension of middle age. B. Generative adults usually refrain from committing themselves to the continuation and improvement of a society as a whole. C. Generative adults develop a positive legacy of the self and then offer it as a gift to the next generation. D. Adults usually strive to achieve a kind of recognition through legacies.

C. Generative adults develop a positive legacy of the self and then offer it as a gift to the next generation.

58. _____ occurs when the expression of a gene has different effects depending on whether the mother or the father passed on the gene. A. Polygenic inheritance B. X-linked inheritance C. Genetic imprinting D. Y-linked inheritance

C. Genetic imprinting

Ryan's friend has been diagnosed with a sexually transmitted infection. There are hard painless bumps around his anal area. The doctor reveals that it was caused by the human papillomavirus (HPV). Ryan's friend has been diagnosed with which of the following sexually transmitted infections? A. Gonorrhea B. Syphilis C. Genital warts D. Chlamydia

C. Genital warts

An adult in middle age will be most likely to do POORLY on which of the following tasks? A. Understanding verbal directions B. Completing a crossword puzzle C. Hitting the brakes of a car when the light suddenly turns red D. Lifting a box that weighs 20 pounds

C. Hitting the brakes of a car when the light suddenly turns red

_____ is the second leading cause of death in adolescence. A. Motor vehicle accidents B. Suicide C. Homicide D. Chronic diseases

C. Homicide

87. _____ is a gene-linked abnormality in which the central nervous system deteriorates, producing problems in muscle coordination and mental deterioration. A. Cystic fibrosis B. Phenylketonuria C. Huntington's disease D. Tay-Sachs disease

C. Huntington's disease

Which of the following is the identity status where a crisis is present but commitment is absent? A. Identity diffusion B. Identity foreclosure C. Identity moratorium D. Identity achievement

C. Identity moratorium

8. Ms. Chang is trying to prepare her health-class students for the onset of puberty. What should she tell the boys that they are likely to experience first? A. The first ejaculation B. Voice changes C. Increased penis and testicle size D. Growth of facial hair

C. Increased penis and testicle size`

According to Robert J. Sternberg, which of the following BEST describes the love in a relationship where passion is the only ingredient, and intimacy and commitment are low? A. Fatuous love B. Consummation C. Infatuation D. Companionate love

C. Infatuation

Which of the following is a potential benefit of romantic relationships over the Internet? A. The chance of potential partners misrepresenting themselves is low. B. The lack of interpersonal connection benefits the relationship in the long-term. C. It benefits shy and anxious people who find it difficult to meet potential partners in person. D. It is especially beneficial to attachment-secure, gregarious people who want to form close relationships.

C. It benefits shy and anxious people who find it difficult to meet potential partners in person.

63. Which of the following is true of Down syndrome? A. It primarily occurs in African American children. B. It occurs when genetic imprinting goes awry. C. Its symptoms include retardation of motor and mental abilities. D. It is caused by the presence of an extra copy of chromosome Y.

C. Its symptoms include retardation of motor and mental abilities.

67. Tom is a tall man with undeveloped testes and enlarged breasts. His doctor has determined that he has an extra X chromosome leading to the diagnosis of: A. Down syndrome. B. fragile X syndrome. C. Klinefelter syndrome. D. Turner syndrome.

C. Klinefelter syndrome.

Which of the following ethnic groups had the highest teen birth rate in 2009? A. Non-Latina White B. Asian American C. Latino D. African American

C. Latino

Which of the following statements about cohabiting arrangements in the U.S. is true? A. Most cohabiting couples want the official aspects of marriage. B. There is absence of any link between education and cohabitation rates in the U.S. C. Length of cohabitation has been increasing since 1995. D. Most of these arrangements are very long-lasting.

C. Length of cohabitation has been increasing since 1995.

Which of the following statements regarding the immune system is TRUE? A. Its machinery consists of billions of red blood cells. B. When a person is under stress, the levels of bacteria and viruses drop dramatically. C. Lower levels of NK cells in stressful situations indicate a weakened immune system. D. Stress increases the number of natural killer (NK) cells in the body.

C. Lower levels of NK cells in stressful situations indicate a weakened immune system.

What is the leading cause of blindness in older adults? A. Glaucoma B. Cataracts C. Macular degeneration D. Retinal hardening

C. Macular degeneration

_____ is the illicit drug most widely used in the United States, and its use by adolescents increased from 2008 to 2013. A. Heroin B. Cocaine C. Marijuana D. MDMA

C. Marijuana

Which of the following is an outcome of the growing trend of having fewer children? A. Institutional care is replaced by parental care. B. Women have less time for other endeavors. C. Men are apt to invest a greater amount of time in fathering. D. Parents are bound to have more realistic expectations for their children.

C. Men are apt to invest a greater amount of time in fathering.

Which of the following observations regarding sexual attitudes and behaviors of middle-aged women is FALSE? A. Masturbation increased in early perimenopause B. Masturbation declined in postmenopause C. Menopausal transition was linked to changes in sexual arousal D. Women's sexual desire decreased by late perimenopause

C. Menopausal transition was linked to changes in sexual arousal

25. Which of the following is true of mitosis? A. Mitosis is the cellular reproduction that occurs to form the sperm and the egg cells. B. Mitosis results in the formation of four new cells. C. Mitosis results in the formation of new cells with 23 pairs of chromosomes. D. Mitosis results in the formation of three new cells.

C. Mitosis results in the formation of new cells with 23 pairs of chromosomes.

In 2011, which of the following countries had the highest estimated life expectancy? A. United States B. Japan C. Monaco D. Sweden

C. Monaco

What percentage of Americans considers themselves to be religious? A. Between 35 and 40 percent B. Not more than 55 percent C. More than 70 percent D. Almost 60 percent

C. More than 70 percent

Which of the following is true of work patterns in the U.S.? A. Most individuals spend half of their time at work. B. Most Americans work less than 30 hours a week. C. More than a third of Americans work 40 hours a week. D. A majority of Americans work 51 hours or more per week.

C. More than a third of Americans work 40 hours a week.

Which of the following statements is true about sexual activity in emerging adulthood? A. Surveys usually indicate that slightly less than 10 percent of individuals have experienced sexual intercourse at the beginning of emerging adulthood (age 18). B. According to Lefkowitz & Gillen, emerging adulthood is a time frame during which most individuals are unmarried but are hardly sexually active. C. Most individuals have had sexual intercourse by the end of emerging adulthood (age 25). D. Casual sex is more common in the late twenties than in emerging adulthood.

C. Most individuals have had sexual intercourse by the end of emerging adulthood (age 25).

A major study was conducted by Fisher, Cullen, & Turner in 2000 which focused on campus sexual assault, involved a phone survey of 4,446 women attending two- or four-year colleges. As per the study, which of the following observations is TRUE about stalking? A. Most women were stalked by strangers. B. More than half of women students said that they had been stalked. C. Most women knew their stalkers. D. Stalking incidents last, on average, about 14 months.

C. Most women knew their stalkers.

Which of the following Big Five personality factors describes an individual as either self-satisfied or self-pitying? A. Openness B. Agreeableness C. Neuroticism D. Extraversion

C. Neuroticism

Which of the following is the active drug in cigarettes? A. Leptin B. Barbiturate C. Nicotine D. Amphetamine

C. Nicotine

102. _____ mainly focuses on the isolation and examination of fetal cells circulating in the mother's blood and analysis of cell-free fetal DNA in maternal plasma. A. Amniocentesis B. Chorionic villus sampling (CVS) C. Noninvasive prenatal diagnosis (NIPD) D. Triple screen

C. Noninvasive prenatal diagnosis (NIPD)

123. Leila and Alexander are siblings. Every Saturday morning, Leila and her grandmother cook breakfast together and then do some errands and shopping together. During that time, Alexander and his grandfather spend some quality "male bonding" time. They like to play miniature golf or do yard work. The interactions that each child has with the grandparent would be known as what type of environmental experience? A. Shared environmental experiences B. Evocative genotype-environment correlations C. Nonshared environmental experiences D. Shared experiences with peers

C. Nonshared environmental experiences

What can be said of the prevalence of obesity in United States and the world? A. Prevalence of obesity among adults in any country is independent of the purchasing power among them. B. Obesity is far more prevalent in Europe than in America. C. Obesity is several times more prevalent among women with low incomes than among women with high incomes. D. Obesity rates are unaffected by the sociocultural factors prevailing in the country.

C. Obesity is several times more prevalent among women with low incomes than among women with high incomes.

Based on data from 2011, which of the following individuals was most likely to get pregnant as a teen? A. Sofia, a Non-Latina White B. Makiko, an Asian American C. Olivia, a Latino D. Tara, an African American

C. Olivia, a Latino

Which of the following statements is TRUE about alcoholism? A. There is absence of any genetic influence on alcoholism. B. Family studies reveal a low frequency of alcoholism in the first-degree relatives of alcoholics. C. One in nine who drink is most likely to become alcoholic. D. Research indicates that about two-thirds of alcoholics recover regardless of them ever being in a treatment program.

C. One in nine who drink is most likely to become alcoholic.

Across a 10-year period, which of the following Big Five personality factors did NOT predict health outcomes involving physical health, blood pressure, and number of days limited at work or home due to physical health factors? A. Agreeableness B. Extraversion C. Openness D. Neuroticism

C. Openness

Which one of the following is an advantage of having children late? A. Women have fewer medical problems during pregnancy. B. Parents have more physical energy. C. Parents have more income for child-rearing expenses. D. Parents are less likely to build up expectations for their children.

C. Parents have more income for child-rearing expenses.

119. Which of the following is an example of a passive genotype-environment correlation? A. Uncooperative, distractible children receive more unpleasant and disciplinary action from parents and teachers. B. Outgoing children tend to seek out social contexts in which to interact with people. C. Parents who have a genetic predisposition to be musically inclined encourage their children to learn how to play a music instrument. D. Infants who smile more receive more attention from the individuals in their social environment.

C. Parents who have a genetic predisposition to be musically inclined encourage their children to learn how to play a music instrument.

Which of the following statements about late midlife is NOT true? A. People in late midlife are either preparing for retirement or actually retiring. B. People in late midlife are more likely to experience the death of a parent than people in early midlife. C. People in late midlife are less likely to experience their last child leaving home than people in early midlife. D. People in late midlife are more likely to experience becoming a grandparent than those in early midlife.

C. People in late midlife are less likely to experience their last child leaving home than people in early midlife.

Apart from consensual validation, what is the other reason that similarity matters in relationships? A. Similar attitudes tend to negatively influence relationships in the long run. B. It is more socially acceptable to have a partner who is similar. C. People tend to shy away from the unknown. D. Evolutionary forces act toward integration of similar types.

C. People tend to shy away from the unknown.

_____ refers to the ability to quickly and accurately make simple discriminations in visual stimuli. A. Spatial orientation B. Inductive reasoning C. Perceptual speed D. Verbal comprehension

C. Perceptual speed

_____ is the transitional period from normal menstrual periods to no menstrual periods at all. A. Postmenopause B. Postmenarche C. Perimenopause D. Periadrenarche

C. Perimenopause

45. _____ is the way an individual's genotype is expressed in observable and measurable characteristics. A. RNA B. DNA C. Phenotype D. Stereotype

C. Phenotype

97. Which of the following is the vascular organ that links the fetus to the mother's uterus? A. Fallopian tube B. Ovary C. Placenta D. Cervix

C. Placenta

Priscilla is in the 8th grade. Her group of friends has recently started shoplifting at departmental stores. According to research into peer relations, what is Priscilla most likely to do in this scenario? A. Priscilla will use her moral reasoning to determine if the behavior should be copied or not. B. Priscilla will reject the behavior of her peers. C. Priscilla will join her friends in the antisocial behavior. D. Priscilla will report the behavior to her friends' parents.

C. Priscilla will join her friends in the antisocial behavior.

What is the term Erikson uses to describe a period in which society leaves adolescents relatively free of responsibilities and free to try out different identities? A. Sociological amnesty B. Societal moratorium C. Psychosocial moratorium D. Behavioral reprieve

C. Psychosocial moratorium

Which of the following is a reason for the reduction in light received by the retina during middle adulthood? A. An increase in the size of the iris B. An increase in blood supply to the eye C. Reduced size of the pupil D. Reduced opacity of the lens

C. Reduced size of the pupil

_____ love is also called eros. A. Companionate B. Affectionate C. Romantic D. Consummate

C. Romantic

What are the two major forms of love? A. Passionate and intimate B. Companionate and consummate C. Romantic and affectionate D. Sexual and noncommittal

C. Romantic and affectionate

Which of the following is TRUE about research by Schaie and Salthouse? A. Both agree that adulthood is the time when the level of functioning in a number of cognitive domains is maintained or even increases. B. Salthouse recently has argued that his longitudinal research on aging and cognitive functioning should not be dismissed. C. Salthouse agrees with Schaie that cognitive functioning involving accumulated knowledge, such as vocabulary and general information, does not show early age-related decline but rather continues to increase at least until 60 years of age. D. Schaie has argued that reasoning, memory, spatial visualization, and processing speed begin declining in early adulthood and show further decline in the fifties.

C. Salthouse agrees with Schaie that cognitive functioning involving accumulated knowledge, such as vocabulary and general information, does not show early age-related decline but rather continues to increase at least until 60 years of age.

Which of the following statements about sexual orientation is considered true today? A. Most individuals have a bisexual orientation. B. Sexual orientation is an either/or proposition where individuals are either heterosexual or homosexual. C. Sexual orientation is a continuum from exclusive male-female relations to exclusive same-sex relations. D. Individuals of different sexual orientation have different physiological responses during sexual arousal.

C. Sexual orientation is a continuum from exclusive male-female relations to exclusive same-sex relations.

An analysis was conducted with its focus on individuals who, after experiencing difficulties while growing up, were still showing maladaptive patterns in emerging adulthood. However, they had become more organized by the time they were in the late twenties and early thirties. Which of the following is a characteristic shared by these "late-bloomers"? A. Increased religiosity B. Support from their children C. Showing positive aspects of autonomy D. Peer pressure

C. Showing positive aspects of autonomy

Which of the following statements is true of smell and taste in the elderly? A. There is no sign of decline in these senses as we age. B. Older adults show a greater decline in their sense of taste than in their sense of smell. C. Smell and taste decline less in healthy older adults than in their less healthy counterparts. D. Smell and taste become more sensitive as we age.

C. Smell and taste decline less in healthy older adults than in their less healthy counterparts.

Which of the following statements is TRUE about lung capacity in middle age? A. There is significant change in lung capacity through most of middle adulthood. B. In late middle age, the proteins in lung tissue become more elastic. C. Stiffening of the chest wall decreases the lungs' capacity to shuttle oxygen. D. The lung capacity of smokers increases drastically in middle age.

C. Stiffening of the chest wall decreases the lungs' capacity to shuttle oxygen.

According to the Institute of Social Research, which of the following describes extreme binge drinking? A. About eight drinks a week B. About five drinks a week C. Ten or more drinks in a row D. Eight or more drinks in a row

C. Ten or more drinks in a row

Identify the concept, recently described by Phyllis Moen, which reflects ingrained cultural beliefs that engaging in hard work for long hours through adulthood will produce a path to status, security, and happiness. A. The American dream B. The mythical career C. The career mystique D. The golden handshake

C. The career mystique

According to James Marcia, what determines an individual's identity status? A. The choices and alternatives they have access to B. Their socioeconomic and academic profile C. The existence or extent of their crisis or commitment D. The existence or extent of parental and social support

C. The existence or extent of their crisis or commitment

Which of the following statements is true about research conducted by Park & others in 2006 on the mortality rates of emerging adults? A. Among males, suicide is the highest cause of mortality than unintentional injuries. B. The mortality rate among male adolescents is higher than emerging adults. C. The mortality rates of emerging adults are more than twice the mortality rates of adolescents. D. Usually females are chiefly responsible for the higher mortality rates of emerging adults.

C. The mortality rates of emerging adults are more than twice the mortality rates of adolescents.

Which of the following is an advantage of having children early? A. Parents are more likely to build up expectations for their children. B. Planning for children's growth or education is more methodical and realistic. C. The mother is likely to have more physical energy. D. The parents have more time to consider their goals in life.

C. The mother is likely to have more physical energy.

Just as the transition from elementary school to middle or junior high school involves change and possible stress, so does the transition from high school to college. The two transitions have many parallels. Which of the following is one of them? A. Movement to a more personal school structure B. Increased parental monitoring C. The top-dog phenomenon D. Decreased interaction with peers

C. The top-dog phenomenon

Which of the following statements is true about perpetual problems? A. They are such problems that can be worked out. B. They are problems of such nature where the partners are not being verbally affectionate. C. They are the type that do not go away and may include disagreements about whether to have children. D. They form only about one-third of the marital problems.

C. They are the type that do not go away and may include disagreements about whether to have children.

Identify the similarity between anorexics and bulimics. A. They are unconcerned about their weight. B. They are severely underweight. C. They have a distorted body image. D. They maintain a healthy, well-balanced diet.

C. They have a distorted body image.

Which of the following is true about why males are more likely than females to succeed in committing suicide? A. They are more depressed than females. B. They give no warning signs before they kill themselves. C. They use more lethal means than do females. D. They attempt suicide more frequently than do females.

C. They use more lethal means than do females.

Which of the following is TRUE about Roy Baumeister and Kathleen Vohs's need for efficacy? A. This need refers to the fact that present events draw meaning from their connection with future events. B. This need can lend a sense of goodness or positive characterization of life and justify certain courses of action. C. This need involves the belief that one can make a difference. D. This need implies that most individuals want to be good, worthy individuals.

C. This need involves the belief that one can make a difference.

74. Sandra excels in reading and spelling but struggles with mathematics. She is shorter than her peers and has a webbed neck. Her doctor has determined that she has one X chromosome missing. Sandra most likely has: A. XYY syndrome. B. fragile X syndrome. C. Turner syndrome. D. XXO syndrome.

C. Turner syndrome.

_____ are the ninth leading cause of death among older adults. A. Suicides B. Homicides C. Unintended accidents D. Chronic illnesses

C. Unintended accidents

Which of the following strategies would be most helpful in improving memory in middle age? A. Avoid using vivid imagery to keep from becoming distracted. B. Use a recall rather than recognition strategy whenever possible. C. Use an organization strategy to categorize information to be remembered. D. Avoid using the information to be remembered so that it does not become confused with other information.

C. Use an organization strategy to categorize information to be remembered.

Which of the following statements is true about the relationship between exercise and screen time? A. Linking obesity with heavy TV viewing is a popular myth and lacks scientific proof. B. Heavy screen time spent only on the internet is usually harmless to the individual. C. Viewing six hours of TV in a day is most likely to reduce life expectancy by nearly 5 years in contrast to those who watch no TV. D. Only people who watch TV and internet remain obese regardless of their time spent on exercise.

C. Viewing six hours of TV in a day is most likely to reduce life expectancy by nearly 5 years in contrast to those who watch no TV.

Which of the following observations about the connection between weight and mortality is true? A. Men who were underweight lived longer. B. Women who were 20 pounds overweight did not present increased risk of mortality. C. Women who were 20 or more pounds underweight lived longer. D. Men who were 20 pounds overweight did not present an increased risk of mortality.

C. Women who were 20 or more pounds underweight lived longer.

Which of the following is NOT one of the groups distinguished by Helson and her colleagues in the Mills College Study? A. Women without children who pursued only low-level work. B. Women who were career-oriented. C. Women who were single mothers and had aged, dependent parents. D. Women who were family-oriented.

C. Women who were single mothers and had aged, dependent parents.

Researchers have found that _____ reduces the oxidative damage created by free radicals. A. hormone replacement therapy B. moderate intake of red wine C. a diet restricted in calories D. a macrobiotic diet

C. a diet restricted in calories

4. For the majority of teens, adolescence is marked by: A. stress and storm. B. delinquency. C. a healthy self-image. D. low self-esteem.

C. a healthy self-image.

The event that comes closest to being a culture-wide rite of passage in the United States is: A. hazing. B. getting a driver's license. C. a high school graduation ceremony. D. joining a college fraternity.

C. a high school graduation ceremony.

Religiousness has been associated with all of the following EXCEPT: A. a lower rate of depression. B. a lower rate of hypertension. C. a lower risk of cancer. D. longevity.

C. a lower risk of cancer.

Reductions in _____ have been linked to small declines in memory functioning and to the severe memory loss associated with Alzheimer disease. A. gamma-aminobutyric acid B. dopamine C. acetylcholine D. adrenaline

C. acetylcholine

A recent meta-analysis of 124 studies by Jane Kroger and her colleagues revealed that identity _____ rose across late adolescence and emerging adulthood. A. moratorium B. foreclosure C. achievement D. diffusion

C. achievement

117. Brad is an athletic boy who is on every sport team in school. Stephen loves math and is part of his school's math club. These instances reflect _____ correlations that occur when children seek out environments that they find compatible and stimulating. A. passive genotype-environment B. evocative genotype-environment C. active (niche-picking) genotype-environment D. influential genotype-environment

C. active (niche-picking) genotype-environment

A relationship marked by intimacy and commitment but low or lacking in passion is called _____, a pattern often found among couples who have been married for many years. A. romantic love B. consummate love C. affectionate love D. fatuous love

C. affectionate love

88. Vaillant's research showed that at age 50, the best predictors of who would be dead at 75 to 80 years of age were: A. chronic depression and cardiovascular disease. B. diabetes and depression. C. alcohol abuse and smoking. D. smoking and obesity.

C. alcohol abuse and smoking.

Continuous accommodation of physiological systems in response to stressors may result in _____, a wearing down of body systems due to constant activity. A. reverse peristalsis B. homeostatic load C. allostatic load D. neuronal proliferation

C. allostatic load

Securely attached adults: A. are hesitant about getting involved in romantic relationships, but are committed once they are in one. B. demand closeness in relationships and are more emotional. C. are less likely than others to have one-night stands. D. tend to distance themselves from their partner.

C. are less likely than others to have one-night stands.

According to leading experts Mario Mikulincer and Phillip Shaver, individuals who _____ have a well-integrated sense of self-acceptance, self-esteem, and self-efficacy. A. have an attachment-avoidant style B. are insecurely attached C. are securely attached D. have an anxious-attachment style

C. are securely attached

Mini wants to know what activities would be most conducive to creative thinking. Based on what people reported in Csikszentmihalyi's research, you would suggest that Mini would be at her creative best during activities that: A. demand complete attention. B. leave little time free to think about peripheral issues. C. are semiautomatic. D. demand practically no attention.

C. are semiautomatic.

Mrs. Hernandez has considerable pain and swelling in her wrists, fingers, and knees. It is becoming very difficult for her to maintain her usual routines as her stiffness increases. Mrs. Hernandez has _____. A. arteriosclerosis B. diabetes C. arthritis D. osteoporosis

C. arthritis

Regular binge drinking can change blood flow, and it can be a precursor for developing _____, which refers to hardening of the arteries. A. gonorrhea. B. syphilis. C. atherosclerosis. D. bulimia nervosa.

C. atherosclerosis.

One study found that low rates of delinquency from 14 to 23 years of age were associated with a(n) _____ parenting style. A. neglectful B. indulgent C. authoritative D. authoritarian

C. authoritative

Stella has involved, responsive parents who support her in her choices as long as she adheres to certain basic rules that they have set for her, like keeping up her grades and coming home in time for dinner with her family on weeknights. Thus, Stella's relationship with her parents is characterized by a high level of trust, acceptance, and quality. Research indicates that Stella would: A. be unwilling voluntarily disclose less about her activities to her parents. B. be concerned about parental disapproval and thus more likely to lie to her parents. C. be likely to share information about her whereabouts, friends, and activities. D. be likely to experience problems in adolescent adjustment.

C. be likely to share information about her whereabouts, friends, and activities.

With age: A. brain weight decreases; brain volume does not decrease. B. brain volume decreases; brain weight does not decrease. C. both brain weight and brain volume decrease. D. neither brain weight nor brain volume decrease.

C. both brain weight and brain volume decrease.

Ever since she passed out of college, Jane has been working long hours at her job as an accountant with a small company in the hope that her hard work will pay off, and that she will achieve success in her career and economic stability. Jane obviously believes in what Phyllis Moen describes as the: A. glass ceiling. B. mythical career. C. career mystique. D. golden handshake.

C. career mystique.

55. Females who have one abnormal copy of a mutated gene on the X chromosome are known as _____. A. inhibitors B. patients C. carriers D. promoters

C. carriers

43. Research has shown that infants born to adolescent mothers are more likely to have: A. high birth weight. B. Down syndrome. C. childhood illnesses. D. type II diabetes.

C. childhood illnesses.

17. The nucleus of each human cell contains _____, which are threadlike structures made up of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). A. mitochondria B. ribosomes C. chromosomes D. mesosomes

C. chromosomes

At present, the main causes of death in middle adulthood in the United States are: A. infectious diseases. B. accidents. C. chronic diseases. D. homicide.

C. chronic diseases.

Marie is reluctant to marry because she is worried that her husband might cheat on her. You would tell her that adultery is: A. widespread in the U.S. B. a problem in almost half the marriages in the U.S. C. clearly the exception rather than the rule. D. a problem most married couples in the U.S. have faced at some point or the other.

C. clearly the exception rather than the rule.

A recent study by Specht, Egloff, and Schukle found that _____ showed a continuous increase from early adulthood to late adulthood. A. agreeableness B. extraversion C. conscientiousness D. openness

C. conscientiousness

"Jocks" who are good at sports or "druggies" who take drugs are examples of _____. A. cliques B. teams C. crowds D. squads

C. crowds

9. According to Paul Baltes, the benefits conferred with evolutionary selection _____ with age. A. increase B. stay the same C. decrease D. fluctuate

C. decrease

In a study conducted by Nelson & others in 2007, both parents and college students agreed that taking responsibility for one's actions and _____ are important aspects of becoming an adult. A. physical maturity B. spiritual maturity C. developing emotional control D. community service

C. developing emotional control

Gerard and his sister were never close growing up. Now that they are adults, it is most likely that their relationship is _____. A. neutral B. close C. distant D. improving

C. distant

According to David Elkind, personal fable and imaginary audience are parts of adolescent: A. co-rumination. B. expression. C. egocentrism. D. solipsism.

C. egocentrism.

Religious adolescents are more likely than nonreligious adolescents to: A. be depressed. B. drink alcohol. C. engage in community service. D. engage in problem behaviors.

C. engage in community service.

Middle-age partners are more likely to view their marriage as positive if they: A. have a satisfying sexual relationship. B. feel a high level of physical attraction toward their partner. C. engage in mutual activities. D. are religious.

C. engage in mutual activities.

Lesbian couples especially place a high priority on: A. social and economic independence. B. maintaining a dynamic relationship where one partner is masculine and the other is feminine. C. equality in their relationships. D. maintaining an open relationship.

C. equality in their relationships.

Rhett is looking for the most effective way to lose his excess weight and keep it off. You would tell him that the most effective weight-loss programs invariably include: A. a calorie-reducing diet. B. daily weigh-ins. C. exercise. D. counseling.

C. exercise.

86. According to Helson's Mills College Study, women who did not commit themselves to one of the lifestyle patterns (family-oriented, career-oriented, and those who followed neither path): A. were more prone to depression than those who followed one of these. B. had a history of insecure attachment in childhood. C. faced fewer challenges and did not develop as fully as the other women. D. were more prone to experience marital dissatisfaction than other women.

C. faced fewer challenges and did not develop as fully as the other women.

Most divorces occur in the _____ year of marriage. A. first to third B. second to fifth C. fifth to tenth D. tenth to twelfth

C. fifth to tenth

11. Paul Baltes says that natural selection among humans operates mainly during the _____ of life. A. second half B. last years C. first half D. first year

C. first half

According to Levinson, the transition to middle adulthood lasts about _____ years. A. two B. four C. five D. seven

C. five

42. Emma and Anna are identical twins who were adopted by different families a few weeks after birth. Although genetically identical, they grew up with different physical and psychological characteristics. For example, though both inherited a tendency to grow large, Anna was slim and athletic due to the active lifestyle practiced in her adoptive family. This variability can be explained by how: A. each zygote is unique. B. longevity genes can make an individual less vulnerable to certain diseases. C. for each genotype, a range of phenotypes can be expressed. D. mutated genes can be a source of genetic variability.

C. for each genotype, a range of phenotypes can be expressed.

The status of identity _____ occurs most often when parents hand down commitments to their adolescents, usually in an authoritarian way, before adolescents have had a chance to explore different approaches, ideologies, and vocations on their own. A. achievement B. moratorium C. foreclosure D. diffusion

C. foreclosure

The abstract quality of thinking during the _____ stage is evident in the adolescent's verbal problem-solving ability. A. passive operational B. concrete operational C. formal operational D. conventional reasoning

C. formal operational

David and Tina have one grandson, Dillon. They see him almost every weekend and make it a point to go to a movie or a park with him. Both Dillon and his grandparents look forward to their time together. According to Neugarten and Weinstein, David and Tina have a(n) _____ style of being grandparents. A. formal B. informal C. fun-seeking D. cohesive

C. fun-seeking

Grandparents under 65 are more likely to display a _____ style. A. formal B. remote C. fun-seeking D. distant

C. fun-seeking

1. Erikson proposed that middle-aged adults face a significant issue which he termed _____. A. intimacy versus isolation B. integrity versus despair C. generativity versus stagnation D. autonomy versus shame and doubt

C. generativity versus stagnation

33. Combining the genes of two parents in offspring increases _____ in the population, which is valuable for a species because it provides more characteristics for natural selection to operate on. A. the number of males B. the number of females C. genetic variability D. genetic uniformity

C. genetic variability

43. Vanda's genetic makeup is composed of thousands of genes in which some are expressed and directly observable, while some are not. When we talk about all of her genetic material we are talking about her _____. A. phenotype B. RNA C. genotype D. ribosomes

C. genotype

Carol, a mid-level manager at Pegasus Incorporated, has not received a promotion in the last three years despite good performance and good ratings at performance appraisals. If she were to be promoted, she would be the only female employee at top management level. Carol seems to have hit the: A. brick wall. B. glass wall. C. glass ceiling. D. invisible ceiling.

C. glass ceiling.

The invisible barrier to career advancement that prevents women and ethnic minorities from holding managerial or executive jobs, regardless of their accomplishments and merits is known as the: A. brick wall. B. glass wall. C. glass ceiling. D. embargo

C. glass ceiling.

Manfred is worried about his 16-year-old son hanging around much older people in the neighborhood. Research suggests that Manfred: A. should not be concerned, since having older friends has been linked to positive school achievement. B. should encourage the behavior since his older friends will help him make a successful transition to adulthood. C. has reason to worry, since his son is more likely to engage in delinquent behavior. D. should not worry, because his son will soon tire of his older friends and turn to friends his own age.

C. has reason to worry, since his son is more likely to engage in delinquent behavior.

During middle age, the ability to hear _____ sounds declines first. A. low-pitched B. high-volume C. high-pitched D. high-amplitude

C. high-pitched

Ethnic _____ is the enduring aspect of the self that includes a sense of membership in an ethnic group, along with the attitudes and feelings related to that membership. A. gloss B. awareness C. identity D. pride

C. identity

Adolescents who do not successfully resolve their identity crisis suffer from what Erikson calls _____. A. identity diffusion B. unresolved identity C. identity confusion D. identity moratorium

C. identity confusion

109. The _____ is adolescents' belief that others are as interested in them as they themselves are, as well as attention-getting behavior—attempts to be noticed, visible, and "on stage." A. personal fable B. stage fear C. imaginary audience D. collective myth

C. imaginary audience

The new model of parent-adolescent relationships emphasizes that: A. parents should take an authoritarian approach to controlling the lives of adolescents. B. parent-adolescent conflict is intense and stressful throughout adolescence. C. in most families parent-adolescent conflict is moderate rather than severe. D. even minor parent-adolescent conflicts are not normal and should be avoided as far as possible.

C. in most families parent-adolescent conflict is moderate rather than severe.

The 2009 Kaiser Family Foundation survey, which included more than 2,000 8- to 18-year-olds, documented that adolescent media use has _____ in the last decade. A. decreased significantly B. declined slightly C. increased dramatically D. stayed the same

C. increased dramatically

A national survey indicated that _____ in adults was associated with the development of disease and chronic illness, especially cardiovascular system problems such as high blood pressure, heart attack, and stroke. A. secure attachment B. easy temperament C. insecure attachment D. assertive personality

C. insecure attachment

Sullivan argued that the need for _____ intensifies during early adolescence, motivating teenagers to seek out close friends. A. respect B. compatibility C. intimacy D. similarity

C. intimacy

31. Sasha's 23rd chromosome pair contains two X chromosomes. This indicates that Sasha: A. has Down syndrome. B. has fragile X syndrome. C. is a female. D. is a male.

C. is a female.

Early-onset antisocial behavior: A. is associated with less negative developmental outcomes than late-onset antisocial behavior. B. is not associated with a tendency to persist into emerging adulthood. C. is associated with more mental health problems. D. is not associated with relationship problems, unlike late-onset antisocial behavior.

C. is associated with more mental health problems.

Jackie, a 15-year-old girl, has been diagnosed with anorexia nervosa. It is most likely that Jackie: A. sets very low standards for herself. B. is not very concerned about how others perceive her. C. is competitive and high-achieving. D. is an African American from a low-income family.

C. is competitive and high-achieving.

Latrell is very intelligent but only of average physical attractiveness. The matching hypothesis states that he will choose a partner who: A. is also intelligent but very attractive. B. is bright but unattractive. C. is of average physical attraction and intelligence. D. is very attractive but not very intelligent.

C. is of average physical attraction and intelligence.

101. The current maternal blood-screening test is called the triple screen because: A. it is performed three times. B. it diagnoses three diseases. C. it measures three substances in the mother's blood. D. it is the third prenatal diagnostic test performed in a pregnancy.

C. it measures three substances in the mother's blood.

12. As the benefits of evolutionary selection decrease with age, Baltes argues, the need for all of the following increases, EXCEPT: A. social support. B. medical technology. C. job training. D. culture.

C. job training.

23. A man in his mid-forties is most likely to notice: A. increased strength in his upper arms. B. sensitivity to high-pitched sounds. C. joint stiffness. D. decreased bladder control.

C. joint stiffness.

Bulimia nervosa typically begins in: A. late adulthood. B. childhood. C. late adolescence or early adulthood. D. early- to mid-adolescence.

C. late adolescence or early adulthood.

14. Many experts on middle adulthood describe the age period of 55 to 65 as: A. late adulthood. B. early midlife. C. late midlife. D. early adulthood.

C. late midlife.

Stuart is 67 years old, widowed, and lives alone. Recently, he has started drinking too much and frequently engages in binge drinking. Stuart's example presents a case of _____. A. geriatric alcoholism B. manic depressive alcoholism C. late-onset alcoholism D. relapse alcoholism

C. late-onset alcoholism

118. Gayle's divorce was final last year. During the first year after the divorce, Gayle spent every evening after work in a singles bar. She had several casual affairs. Gayle can be characterized as a(n): A. enhancer. B. good-enough. C. libertine. D. competent loner.

C. libertine.

Cigarette smoking contributes to _____, a condition in which individuals may have relatively normal peripheral vision but may be unable to see clearly what is right in front of them. A. glaucoma B. cataracts C. macular degeneration D. retinal hardening

C. macular degeneration

The obesity rate has dramatically increased in the United States since 1900. This dramatic increase in obesity is likely due to all of the following, EXCEPT: A. greater availability of food. B. greater availability of energy-saving devices. C. marked changes in the human genome. D. declining physical activity.

C. marked changes in the human genome.

Results from the "Sex in America" survey suggest that adult sexual behavior is ruled by _____ and _____ for most Americans. A. abstinence; marriage B. kinkiness; infidelity C. marriage; monogamy D. noncohabitation; polygamy

C. marriage; monogamy

Drawing on beliefs, values, and goals to change the meaning of a stressful situation is known as: A. self-efficacy. B. problem-focused coping. C. meaning-making coping. D. proactive coping.

C. meaning-making coping.

10. A girl's first menstruation is called _____. A. gonadarche B. spermarche C. menarche D. adrenarche

C. menarche

99. Amniocentesis brings a small risk of: A. mental retardation. B. limb deformity. C. miscarriage. D. Down syndrome.

C. miscarriage.

According to the observations made by the authors Joseph and Claudia Allen, the current generation of adolescents is experiencing _____ after adolescence. A. early adulthood B. parenthood C. more adolescence D. infirmity

C. more adolescence

1. Red-feathered and blue-feathered birds occupy the same environment. The birds with the red feathers are better able to survive and avoid predators. This means that the population of red-feathered birds should increase in future generations. This illustrates the process of _____. A. genetic selection B. natural adaptation C. natural selection D. genetic survival

C. natural selection

Data from the Nun Study have pointed all of the following EXCEPT: A. positive emotions in early adulthood that were associated to longevity. B. stimulating the brain with intellectual activity that keeps neurons healthy and alive. C. negative emotions in early adulthood that were linked to longevity. D. idea density that was linked with fewer incidences of mild cognitive impairment.

C. negative emotions in early adulthood that were linked to longevity.

Compared to men, women have a higher incidence of _____ disorders during middle adulthood. A. genetic B. fatal chronic C. nonfatal chronic D. congenital

C. nonfatal chronic

The _____ is involved in smell. A. hippocampus B. amygdala C. olfactory bulb D. prefrontal cortex

C. olfactory bulb

65. According to Robert Sternberg's triarchic theory of love, love is characterized by the dimensions of: A. role-exchanges, exclusivity, and commitment. B. shared activities, self-disclosure, and commitment. C. passion, commitment, and intimacy. D. transference, companionship, and self-disclosure.

C. passion, commitment, and intimacy.

113. Tracy's parents are avid sports fans. Since she was a child, they took her to numerous baseball and football games, and Tracy regularly watched the sports channel with her dad. When she was old enough, her parents made her join the little league team at her school and she performed well. This is an example of a(n): A. evocative genotype-environment correlation. B. active (niche-picking) genotype-environment correlation. C. passive genotype-environment correlation. D. gene-gene correlation.

C. passive genotype-environment correlation.

In a classic study, Judith Rodin and Ellen Langer found that an important factor related to health, and even survival, in a nursing home is the: A. provision of emergency geriatric care. B. availability of trained staff to care for the oldest-olds. C. patient's feelings of control and self-determination. D. opportunity to interact with family members during the stay.

C. patient's feelings of control and self-determination.

Cigarette smoking among U.S. adolescents: A. peaked in 2005 and has gradually declined since then. B. has been increasing every year. C. peaked in 1996 and has gradually declined since then. D. has not seen a decline.

C. peaked in 1996 and has gradually declined since then.

46. Marly describes her friend Gina as having blonde hair, green eyes, and fair skin with freckles. Marly has described Gina's _____. A. genotype B. genetic imprint C. phenotype D. X-linked inheritance

C. phenotype

Sexual harassment is a manifestation of: A. genuine attraction toward the victim. B. appropriate sexual contact between two individuals. C. power of one person over another. D. forced, nonconsensual sexual intercourse.

C. power of one person over another.

The double disadvantage suffered by ethnic minority adolescents consists of: A. the lack of clear rites of passage. B. diversity and difference. C. prejudice and poverty. D. hostility and assimilation.

C. prejudice and poverty.

Rites of passage: A. are nonexistent in the U.S. B. are on the increase in several African countries that are influenced by Western culture. C. provide a forceful and discontinuous entry into the adult world. D. to adulthood usually involve a reaffirmation of the individual's connection with immediate family.

C. provide a forceful and discontinuous entry into the adult world.

Service learning is often more effective when two conditions are met: (1) giving students some degree of choice in the service activities in which they participate, and (2) _____. A. fixing certain minimum levels of compliance B. guiding students in their tasks C. providing students opportunities to reflect about their participation D. limiting the amount of time spent volunteering

C. providing students opportunities to reflect about their participation

Juanita, a Latino girl, is entering adolescence and her mother wants to keep her from risky sexual behavior. According to research, her mother should: A. engage in a lower level of parental monitoring. B. avoid emphasizing the need for academic excellence. C. regularly talk to Juanita about sex and the risk factors associated with it. D. keep Juanita away from adolescent males at all times until she reaches an appropriate age.

C. regularly talk to Juanita about sex and the risk factors associated with it.

Joseph Allen and his colleagues found that adolescents who were securely attached to their parents at 14 years of age were more likely at 21 years of age to report: A. feeling uncomfortable in other intimate relationships. B. continuing financial dependence on their parents. C. relationship competence and fewer problematic behaviors. D. conflict in the relationship with their parents.

C. relationship competence and fewer problematic behaviors.

Evidence is increasing that _____ plays a key role in red wine's health benefits. A. resperidol B. rohypnol C. resveratrol D. rogaine

C. resveratrol

The rectangularization of the population pyramid has been created by all of the following EXCEPT: A. health advances that promote longevity. B. the aging of the baby boom cohort. C. rising male-to-female sex ratio. D. low fertility rates.

C. rising male-to-female sex ratio.

In a study, almost 50 percent of high school dropouts cited _____ reasons for leaving school. A. economic B. peer-related C. school-related D. family-related

C. school-related

Secure attachment to parents during childhood correlates with: A. higher academic achievement in college. B. stronger sibling relationships in adulthood. C. secure attachment to romantic partners in adulthood. D. an easy temperament in adulthood.

C. secure attachment to romantic partners in adulthood.

The _____ are characterized by individuals motivated to find new mates as soon as possible after their divorce. A. good-enoughs B. enhancers C. seekers D. defeated

C. seekers

Female friendships involve more _____ than male friendships. A. competition B. outdoor activities C. self-disclosure D. sharing of useful information

C. self-disclosure

Richard believes he is gay. This orientation is part of Richard's _____ identity. A. relationship B. intellectual C. sexual D. ethnic

C. sexual

Emerging adulthood is a time frame during which most individuals are: A. in exclusive relationships and married. B. abstaining from sex and unmarried. C. sexually active and unmarried. D. sexually active and married.

C. sexually active and unmarried

120. Parents' personalities or intellectual orientation, the family's socioeconomic status, and the neighborhood in which they live are all instances of the _____ of siblings. A. nonshared environmental experiences B. shared genetic traits C. shared environmental experiences D. nonshared genetic traits

C. shared environmental experiences

91. Joshua, a 2-year-old, has been diagnosed with _____, a blood disorder that limits the body's oxygen supply and can cause joint swelling and heart and kidney failure. This genetic disorder can be treated through penicillin, pain medication, antibiotics and blood transfusions. His doctor has indicated that a study named Baby HUG may offer a better drug in the future. A. spina bifida B. Tay-Sachs disease C. sickle-cell anemia D. Huntington's disease

C. sickle-cell anemia

Sleep problems in middle-aged adults have been associated with all of the following EXCEPT: A. usage of prescription drugs. B. obesity. C. single parenting. D. cardiovascular disease.

C. single parenting.

76. A study of HRT's effects was halted as evidence emerged that participants who were receiving HRT faced an increased risk of _____. A. lung disease B. cancer C. stroke D. arthritis

C. stroke

"Many emerging adults are optimistic about their future; and for emerging adults who have experienced difficult times while growing up, emerging adulthood presents an opportunity to direct their lives in a more positive direction". These are the two ways described by Jeffrey Arnett in which emerging adulthood can be viewed as: A. a period of stability. B. the period of social responsibilities. C. the age of possibilities. D. a time of feeling "in-between".

C. the age of possibilities.

Angelo and his wife just had their last child move out of the house. He and his wife had lived vicariously through their children, letting their sports activities and various achievements dominate their lives. Now they may experience _____, which includes a decline in marital satisfaction after children leave the home. A. meaning of life dilemma B. chronic discontent C. the empty nest syndrome D. alienation

C. the empty nest syndrome

Identical human twins have similar weights, even when they are reared apart. This indicates: A. the important role nutrition plays in obesity. B. how lifestyle is instrumental in determining an individual's weight. C. the genetic component of a person's weight. D. how a person's weight cannot be traced to genetic factors.

C. the genetic component of a person's weight.

In a survey conducted by Watts & Zimmerman in 2002, _____ of female college freshman women report having been date raped or having experienced an attempted date rape at least once. A. one-fourth B. half C. two-thirds D. about one in ten

C. two-thirds

A participant in a study was asked to memorize a list of words and then try to recall as many as possible. This exercise was designed to test the participant's _____. A. muscle memory B. implicit memory C. verbal memory D. verbal comprehension

C. verbal memory

Anorexia and bulimia nervosa affect: A. men and women equally. B. men more than women. C. women more than men. D. women more than older men, but less than younger men.

C. women more than men.

8. Guillermo has taught his apprentices all the specialized techniques he has developed over the years as a carpenter. According to Erikson, he has achieved _____ generativity. A. biological B. parental C. work D. cultural

C. work

The 2009 survey funded by Kaiser Family Foundation found that _____ used media an average of 8 hours and 40 minutes a day. A. 8- to 11-year-olds B. 15- to 18-year-olds C. 5- to 11-year-olds D. 11- to 14-year-olds

D. 11- to 14-year-olds

At _____ years of age, romantic relations are characterized by strong emotional bonds more closely resembling those in adult romantic relationships. A. 12 to 15 B. 11 to 13 C. 14 to 16 D. 17 to 19

D. 17 to 19

In a Canadian study of 40- to 64-year-olds conducted by Wright in 2006, only _____ percent reported that their sexual life was less satisfying than it had been when they were in their twenties. A. 70 B. 50 C. 40 D. 30

D. 30

27. Except for the sperm and the egg, all cells in the human body have _____ chromosomes. A. 10 B. 32 C. 23 D. 46

D. 46

In a single act of unprotected sex with an infected partner, a teenage girl has a _____ percent risk of contracting gonorrhea. A. 20 B. 30 C. 40 D. 50

D. 50

According to current projections, what is the expected number of centenarians by the year 2050? A. 19,000 B. 77,000 C. 212,000 D. 600,000

D. 600,000

A recent national survey revealed that _____ of adults 70 years and older had a hearing loss defined as an inability to hear sounds at frequencies higher than 25 dB with their better ear. A. 15 percent B. 28 percent C. 50 percent D. 63 percent

D. 63 percent

About _____ percent of individuals with bulimia nervosa eventually recover from their disorders. A. 25 B. 40 C. 90 D. 70

D. 70

When Daniel Offer and his colleagues studied the self-images of adolescents in the United States, Australia, Bangladesh, Hungary, Israel, Italy, Japan, Taiwan, Turkey, and West Germany, at least _____ percent of the adolescents displayed a healthy self-image. A. 25 B. 48 C. 60 D. 73

D. 73

What is the average life expectancy of individuals born today in the United States? A. 69.3 years B. 72.3 years C. 75.3 years D. 78.7 years

D. 78.7 years

In the United States, approximately _____ of individuals 40 to 59 years of age are employed. A. 30 percent B. 50 percent C. 65 percent D. 80 percent

D. 80 percent

What is the life expectancy in Okinawa, Japan? A. 70.2 years B. 89.6 years C. 85.4 years D. 81.2 years

D. 81.2 years

Uncle Roger tells you that he is a member of the "oldest-old" club, when asked about age. Without knowing his exact age, you would know that Uncle Roger is at least _____ years old. A. 70 B. 75 C. 80 D. 85

D. 85

The mean age at the beginning of the growth spurt in girls is _____. A. 6 B. 14 C. 12 D. 9

D. 9

Which of the following statements about religion and adolescents has research shown to be true? A. There has been a resurgence of religious interest among adolescents. B. A majority of American college freshmen reported that they had never attended religious services during their senior year of high school. C. Generally, 18-year-olds are more religious than 14-year-olds in the U.S. D. Adolescent girls are more religious than are adolescent boys.

D. Adolescent girls are more religious than are adolescent boys.

108. _____ is the social and legal process by which a parent-child relationship is established between persons unrelated at birth. A. Kinship care B. Rebirthing C. Guardianship D. Adoption

D. Adoption

Which of the following is a similarity in the reasoning of Jean Piaget and information-processing psychologists? A. The cognitive ability of adolescents and young adults are quantitatively identical. B. Adolescents are capable of concrete operational thinking, and only in adulthood do individuals enter the formal operational stage. C. Adults think more idealistically than adolescents do. D. Adults especially increase their knowledge in a specific area.

D. Adults especially increase their knowledge in a specific area.

Which of the following is true of the preferences of adults regarding the attachment styles of their partners? A. Securely attached adults show a preference for individuals with an anxious attachment style. B. Individuals with an anxious attachment style mostly seem to prefer a partner with an anxious attachment style. C. Adults prefer to have an avoidant adult as a partner. D. Adults prefer having a securely attached partner.

D. Adults prefer having a securely attached partner.

Which of the following is TRUE about the immune system and stress? A. NK cells are a type of white blood cell that is more likely to be present in high stress circumstances. B. Higher levels of NK cells in stressful situations indicate a weakened immune system. C. Immune system functioning increases with normal aging. D. Aerobic fitness is related to the presence of a lower level of senescent T cells.

D. Aerobic fitness is related to the presence of a lower level of senescent T cells.

Penelope is describing her marriage of 15 years: "My husband and I were eating breakfast the other day. Neither of us was talking, both of us just reading and thinking our own thoughts. But it was a very comfortable, companionable silence, and I love it!" What aspect of their relationship does this illustrate? A. Passion B. Infatuation C. Romantic love D. Affectionate love

D. Affectionate love

Identify the group that is least likely to exhibit suicidal behavior. A. American Indian/Alaska Native female adolescents B. American Indian/Alaska Native male adolescents C. Latino female adolescents D. African American male adolescents

D. African American male adolescents

_____ are theorized to act much like a fire extinguisher, helping to neutralize free-radical activity and reduce stress caused by damage to cells. A. Ketone bodies B. Antihistamines C. Antibiotics D. Antioxidants

D. Antioxidants

The lowest school dropout rate in the United States occurred for: A. Latinos. B. Native Americans. C. African Americans. D. Asian Americans.

D. Asian Americans.

_____ individuals are hesitant about getting involved in romantic relationships and once in a relationship tend to distance themselves from their partner. A. Disorganized B. Anxious C. Securely attached D. Avoidant

D. Avoidant

Based on the analysis that focused on individuals who showed maladaptive patterns in emerging adulthood, but had become more organized by the time they were in the late twenties and early thirties; identify the characteristic shared by these "late-bloomers". A. Increased religiosity B. Support from their children C. Showing a willingness to relinquish autonomy D. Being planful

D. Being planful

Which of the following is the reason for the decrease in height with age advancement? A. Brittleness of bones of the limbs B. Increase in weight C. A stooping posture D. Bone loss in the vertebrae

D. Bone loss in the vertebrae

Dalia tends to go on eating binges and then purges by self-inducing vomiting or using a laxative. Which of the following conditions does Dalia suffer from? A. Hypochondria B. Anemia C. Anorexia D. Bulimia

D. Bulimia

Which of the following is an example of a fatal chronic disorder? A. Varicose veins B. Bursitis C. Arthritis D. Cardiovascular disease

D. Cardiovascular disease

Gisela is suffering from a condition that involves thickening of the lenses of her eyes. This causes her vision to become cloudy or distorted. Identify the condition that Gisela is suffering from. A. Glaucoma B. Nearsightedness C. Macular degeneration D. Cataracts

D. Cataracts

Which of the following statements is TRUE about chronic conditions? A. Women have a higher incidence of fatal chronic conditions in middle age. B. Men have a higher incidence of nonfatal chronic conditions in middle age. C. Hypertension is the leading chronic disorder in early adulthood. D. Chronic disorders are rare in early adulthood.

D. Chronic disorders are rare in early adulthood.

Which of the following statements is true about an individual's sleep? A. The level of stress is independent of the quality or amount of sleep. B. Family and social obligations predominantly lead to long hours of sleep in an individual's life. C. Usually five hours of sleep a day is necessary for the optimal performance of an individual. D. Chronic sleep deprivation may contribute to cardiovascular disease and a shortened life span.

D. Chronic sleep deprivation may contribute to cardiovascular disease and a shortened life span.

_____ is a term that is used to describe the midlife transition in which fertility declines. A. Puberty B. Menarche C. Spermarche D. Climacteric

D. Climacteric

According to Robert J. Sternberg, which of the following is the strongest and fullest form of love? A. Passionate love B. Fatuous love C. Affectionate love D. Consummate love

D. Consummate love

_____ is defined as a period of identity development during which the individual is exploring alternatives. A. Commitment B. Calling C. Conscientiousness D. Crisis

D. Crisis

121. Which of the following is the most frequently cited factor associated with adolescent suicide? A. Use of alcohol B. Suicidal behavior in friends C. Drug use D. Depression

D. Depression

Which of the following is a trend in the U.S. workforce? A. Decrease in number of individuals who work at a series of jobs. B. Disappearance of short-term career paths for adults. C. Appearance of long-term careers for an increasing number of individuals. D. Disappearance of long-term career for an increasing number of adults.

D. Disappearance of long-term career for an increasing number of adults.

Which of the following statements about dating in gay male and lesbian youth is TRUE? A. All sexual minority youth date other-sex peers to disguise their sexual orientation from others. B. Despite their orientation, gay and lesbian youth have not had any same-sex sexual experience. C. Gay and lesbian youth are not emotionally affected by the breakup of a same-sex relationship. D. Disclosure of their sexual orientation to parents is the most stressful problem for gay and lesbian youth.

D. Disclosure of their sexual orientation to parents is the most stressful problem for gay and lesbian youth.

Based on age of onset, when is anorexia nervosa most likely to begin? A. Childhood B. Late adulthood C. Emerging adulthood D. Early to middle adolescent years

D. Early to middle adolescent years

21. What are gametes? A. Zygotes B. Embryos C. Fertilized eggs D. Eggs and sperm

D. Eggs and sperm

Which of the following scenarios will most likely increase the tendency of a child' to become an introvert and create more emotional problems as an adult? A. Admitting the child to peer groups with other inhibited children with common interests. B. Having caregivers who are sensitive and accepting, and allowing the child to set his own pace. C. Presence of 'defensible shelters' that the child can retreat to when there is too much stimulation in the physical environment. D. Enrolling the child in school that is undermanned.

D. Enrolling the child in school that is undermanned.

In the selection of a partner, there is high value placed on housekeeping in _____. A. the United States B. Canada C. France D. Estonia

D. Estonia

20. Which of the following statements about the activity of genes is TRUE? A. Genes are not collaborative. B. A single gene codes for a single, specific protein. C. Genetic expression is unaffected by environmental factors. D. Events that occur inside of the cell can excite or inhibit genetic expression.

D. Events that occur inside of the cell can excite or inhibit genetic expression.

Which of the following statements about novices and experts is TRUE? A. Novices are more creative in solving problems than experts. B. Novices are more flexible in solving problems than experts. C. Experts avoid the use of strategies and shortcuts when solving problems. D. Experts process information more automatically than novices.

D. Experts process information more automatically than novices.

Identify the Big Five personality factor that describes whether an individual is fun-loving or somber. A. Agreeableness B. Openness to experience C. Conscientiousness D. Extraversion

D. Extraversion

Which of the following statements about adolescent health is true? A. More adolescents around the world are dying from acute infections than before. B. Many adolescent health-compromising behaviors, especially illicit drug use and unprotected sex, are decreasing in frequency. C. The rate of HIV infection in sub-Saharan countries has decreased marginally in recent years. D. Fewer adolescents around the world die from malnutrition now than in the past.

D. Fewer adolescents around the world die from malnutrition now than in the past.

Which of the following is NOT one of the main reasons that grandparents are thrust back into the "parenting" role they thought they had shed? A. Parental divorce B. Adolescent pregnancies C. Drug use by parents D. Filling the "empty nest"

D. Filling the "empty nest"

Which of the following is the final stage of Jean Piaget's theory of cognitive development? A. Concrete operational stage B. Passive operational stage C. Preconventional reasoning stage D. Formal operational stage

D. Formal operational stage

2. Identify the seventh stage of Erikson's life span theory. A. Intimacy versus isolation B. Integrity versus despair C. Autonomy versus shame and doubt D. Generativity versus stagnation

D. Generativity versus stagnation

Which of the following is typically the last male pubertal characteristic to occur? A. The first ejaculation B. Voice changes C. Increased penis and testicle size D. Growth of facial hair

D. Growth of facial hair

What is the consistent finding regarding age identity of 60- to 75-year-olds? A. Half of them viewed themselves as being older than their chronological age. B. Almost all of them felt that they were younger than their chronological age. C. More than half of them considered that their mental age was higher than their chronological age. D. Half of them viewed themselves as being middle-aged.

D. Half of them viewed themselves as being middle-aged.

Which of the following qualifies as binge drinking as defined in the University of Michigan surveys? A. Having less than five drinks in the last two weeks. B. Having seven or more drinks in a row in the last two weeks. C. Having less than four drinks in the last week. D. Having five or more drinks in a row in the last two weeks.

D. Having five or more drinks in a row in the last two weeks.

Which of the following chronic conditions has been associated with the greatest limitations on work? A. Asthma B. Diabetes C. Arthritis D. Heart condition

D. Heart condition

Which of the following symptoms is NOT associated with menopause? A. Nausea B. Fatigue C. Hot flashes D. High blood sugar

D. High blood sugar

Which of the following statements is true about drinking? A. Pregaming is most rare among college students. B. Binge drinking usually peaks about 28 to 29 years of age. C. Chronic binge drinking is less common among those college students who live in fraternity houses. D. Higher levels of alcohol are usually linked with higher rates of sexual assaults and sexual risk taking.

D. Higher levels of alcohol are usually linked with higher rates of sexual assaults and sexual risk taking.

Nancy was torn in her decision to major in music or take up an undergraduate program in engineering. She finally chose the latter, with a minor in music. Identify Nancy's status of identity. A. Identity diffusion B. Identity foreclosure C. Identity moratorium D. Identity achievement

D. Identity achievement

Which of the following statements about identity development is TRUE? A. Synthesizing the identity components is a single, neat process in normal individuals. B. Decisions about identity may take time, but once they are made, they are set for life. C. Identity development occurs in a single, one-step process. D. Identity encompasses an individual's personality characteristics.

D. Identity encompasses an individual's personality characteristics.

According to Erik Erikson, which of the following developmental stages is experienced by an individual during adolescence? A. Autonomy versus shame and doubt B. Intimacy versus isolation C. Initiative versus guilt D. Identity versus identity confusion

D. Identity versus identity confusion

106. David and Kelly are seeking help for infertility. Under their physician's guidance, they decide to undergo a procedure in which Kelly's eggs are combined in a laboratory dish with her husband's sperms. What is this procedure called? A. Gamete transfer B. Intracytoplasmic sperm injection C. Zygote intrafallopian transfer D. In vitro fertilization

D. In vitro fertilization

According to Erik Erikson, which of the following stages occurs during early adulthood, after individuals are well on their way to establishing stable and successful identities? A. Identity versus identity confusion B. Generativity versus stagnation C. Integrity versus despair D. Intimacy versus isolation

D. Intimacy versus isolation

According to evolutionary theory, which of the following is the reason Alzheimer disease not been eliminated by evolution? A. It appears only in adolescence or early adulthood. B. It is a genetic disorder. C. It is caused by improper diet and inadequate physical activity. D. It does not appear until late middle adulthood or late adulthood.

D. It does not appear until late middle adulthood or late adulthood.

Which of the following statements about the empty nest syndrome is TRUE? A. Parents who live vicariously with their children do not experience it. B. It is more common for middle-aged men than for middle-aged women. C. It is a common, though minor, problem for most middle-aged adults. D. It involves a decline in marital satisfaction after children leave the home.

D. It involves a decline in marital satisfaction after children leave the home.

Which of the following statements is true about genital herpes? A. It is caused by the bacterium treponema pallidum. B. It is a very rare infection affecting only one in 100,000 cases. C. It is commonly called the drip or clap. D. It involves an eruption of sores and blisters.

D. It involves an eruption of sores and blisters.

Which of the following statements about sibling relationships is true? A. Siblings who were psychologically distant from each other in childhood tended to become close in adulthood. B. The majority of sibling relationships in adulthood are apathetic. C. Sibling relationships rarely persist over the entire life span for most adults. D. It is rare for sibling closeness to develop for the first time in adulthood.

D. It is rare for sibling closeness to develop for the first time in adulthood.

In the study by Rodin and Langer, which of the following was found to be the result of older adults having perceived control over their own lives? A. It led to fewer social interactions. B. It significantly reduced life expectancy. C. It increased the levels of stress. D. It was found to increase longevity.

D. It was found to increase longevity.

Lydia has been diagnosed with early macular degeneration. Which of the following treatments is her doctor most likely to recommend? A. Eye drops B. Removal of the lens of her eye C. Prescription for glasses D. Laser surgery

D. Laser surgery

Which of the following is true of rape? A. About two-thirds of college men usually deny that they fondle women against their will. B. Usually only 1,500 rapes are reported each year in the United States. C. Researchers point out that rapists in general are seldom angry with women. D. Legal definitions of rape usually differ from state to state.

D. Legal definitions of rape usually differ from state to state.

What did Levinson's research conclude about women in midlife transition? A. Women have significantly less distress during this process. B. Women face the midlife transition earlier and with greater difficulty than do men. C. Levinson maintained that women who have had children experience an easier time during midlife than those who have not had children. D. Levinson reported that his stages, transitions, and the crisis of middle age hold for women as well as men.

D. Levinson reported that his stages, transitions, and the crisis of middle age hold for women as well as men.

Which of the following distinguishes the locations where rites of passage are prevalent in sub-Saharan Africa? A. High socioeconomic status B. Acceptance of Western culture C. Rigid social structure D. Low access to formal education

D. Low access to formal education

According to the mitochondrial theory, which of the following steps is NOT part of the damage caused by free radicals? A. Oxidative damage impairs mitochondrial function. B. Generation of even greater amounts of free radicals. C. The affected mitochondria become inefficient in generating energy for cellular needs. D. Lower energy leads to lesser amounts of free radicals.

D. Lower energy leads to lesser amounts of free radicals.

Which of the following is NOT a primary reason for the lowered brain volume of older adults compared to that of younger adults? A. Shrinkage of neurons B. Reduced length of axons C. Lower numbers of synapses D. Lower number of neurons

D. Lower number of neurons

11. Which of the following statements is true? A. Boys go through growth spurts earlier than girls do. B. Both boys and girls who are shorter than their peers before puberty will actually surpass their peers during adolescence. C. By the end of adolescence, most girls will be taller than boys. D. Marked weight gains coincide with the onset of puberty for both boys and girls.

D. Marked weight gains coincide with the onset of puberty for both boys and girls.

Which of the following statements is TRUE about mortality rates in United States and the world? A. The least number of deaths in the twentieth century were caused due to infectious diseases. B. The rates of chronic disorders have decreased and the rate of infectious disease have increased. C. In old age, many deaths are caused by a single, readily identifiable condition. D. Men usually have higher mortality rates than women for all of the leading causes of death.

D. Men usually have higher mortality rates than women for all of the leading causes of death.

94. _____ refers to a form of mental retardation involving an abnormally small brain. A. Spina bifida B. Klinefelter syndrome C. Hemophilia D. Microencephaly

D. Microencephaly

In the context of gender, which of the following statements about the midlife period? A. Middle-aged men have more interpersonal stressors. B. Middle-aged women have more self-focused stressors. C. The adult stage theories place heavy importance on childbearing and child rearing. D. Midlife is a diversified, heterogeneous period for women.

D. Midlife is a diversified, heterogeneous period for women.

Which of the following statements is true about expectations at a workplace? A. Researchers Hall & Mirvis suggest that very few adults usually have changing expectations about work. B. Many workers today want less control over their work schedules. C. There is always absolute concurrence between the expectations of the employers and the expectations of the employees. D. Most employers offer very little flexibility to their employees.

D. Most employers offer very little flexibility to their employees.

As per the Occupational Outlook Handbook, which of the following statements is TRUE about jobs? A. Projected job growth is independent of the educational requirements. B. According to the 2012-2013 handbook, service industries will generate the least number of new jobs in the next decade. C. Jobs that require a college degree are least expected to grow the fastest. D. Most of the highest-paying occupations require a college degree.

D. Most of the highest-paying occupations require a college degree.

According to research by Rossi, which of the following were found to have the closest relationships during their adult years? A. Fathers and sons B. Mothers and sons C. Fathers and daughters D. Mothers and daughters

D. Mothers and daughters

_____ are excessively self-centered, self-congratulatory, and view their own needs and desires as paramount. A. Pessimists B. Egotists C. Pragmatists D. Narcissists

D. Narcissists

Which of the following supertraits deals with emotional stability and describes an individual as being calm or anxious? A. Conscientiousness B. Extraversion C. Openness D. Neuroticism

D. Neuroticism

Which of the following is TRUE of the Seattle Longitudinal Study? A. It involves extensive evaluation of sexual abilities during adulthood. B. It was initiated by John Horn. C. Participants have been assessed in two-year intervals since 1985. D. New waves of participants are added periodically.

D. New waves of participants are added periodically.

_____ stimulates neurotransmitters (especially dopamine) that have a calming or pain-reducing effect. A. Barbiturate B. Amphetamine C. Leptin D. Nicotine

D. Nicotine

Which of the following is a major challenge for sexually interested older women (70 years or older)? A. Male partner's physical health B. Lack of sex education C. Physical health of older women D. Not having a partner

D. Not having a partner

Which of the following is NOT true of older adults' response to hearing loss? A. Older adults often don't recognize that they have a hearing problem. B. Older adults deny that they have a hearing problem. C. Older adults accept loss of hearing as a part of growing old. D. Older adults show a greater decline in hearing than in their sense of taste.

D. Older adults show a greater decline in hearing than in their sense of taste.

What is the main difference between the way younger people and older people respond to stress? A. Younger people have a slower restorative process after a stressful episode. B. Younger people have better coping strategies for dealing with stress. C. The process of aging increases the pituitary gland's response to stress, making it work harder. D. Older people keep stress hormones in their system for longer periods.

D. Older people keep stress hormones in their system for longer periods.

Identify the region of the human brain in which neurogenesis has been documented in adults. A. Amygdala B. Hypothalamus C. Prefrontal cortex D. Olfactory bulb

D. Olfactory bulb

Which of the following Big Five personality factors describes whether an individual is imaginative or practical? A. Agreeableness B. Extraversion C. Conscientiousness D. Openness to experience

D. Openness to experience

_____ involves an extensive loss of bone tissue. A. Arteriosclerosis B. Diabetes C. Arthritis D. Osteoporosis

D. Osteoporosis

According to a recent large-scale study of eighth- and tenth-graders, amongst the various risk factors, which of the following is the strongest predictor of substance abuse? A. Monitoring in schools B. Genetic predisposition C. Ethnicity D. Peer relations

D. Peer relations

Which of the following BEST explains why middle adulthood comes later and lasts longer now than in the early 1900s? A. People today have fewer children than people in the early 1900s. B. People today have a higher income than people in the early 1900s. C. People today have less anxiety in their lives than people in the early 1900s. D. People today have healthier lifestyles than people in the early 1900s.

D. People today have healthier lifestyles than people in the early 1900s.

88. Penny has been diagnosed with cystic fibrosis. Which of the following would be an appropriate course of treatment for her? A. Medication for pain, antibiotics, blood transfusions, and hydroxyurea. B. Insulin treatment. C. Blood transfusions/injections. D. Physical and oxygen therapy, synthetic enzymes, and antibiotics.

D. Physical and oxygen therapy, synthetic enzymes, and antibiotics.

Which of the following statements is TRUE about creativity? A. In such fields as philosophy and history, older adults often show as less creativity as they did when they were in their thirties and forties. B. Typically, the most productive creators in any field are hardly as prolific as their least productive counterparts. C. In such fields as lyric poetry, abstract math, and theoretical physics, the peak of creativity is often reached in the late seventies or eighties. D. Researchers have found that creativity does peak in adulthood and then declines.

D. Researchers have found that creativity does peak in adulthood and then declines.

Which of the following is a strategy that adults would recommend to adolescents to help in makeing friends? A. Be psychologically aggressive B. Wait for the other individual to initiate interaction C. Be open to engaging in gossip D. Respect yourself and others

D. Respect yourself and others

Which of the following is NOT a biological theory explaining aging? A. Cellular clock theory B. Free-radical theory C. Mitochondrial theory D. Reverse neurogenesis theory

D. Reverse neurogenesis theory

_____ love has strong components of sexuality and infatuation, and it often predominates in the early part of a love relationship. A. Companionate B. Affectionate C. Consummate D. Romantic

D. Romantic

Amy is not overly stressed out about her relationship with her boyfriend Danny. She trusts him and is sure that if there are any problems, they can talk it through and come to an understanding. Which of the following BEST describes Amy's attachment style? A. Disorganized attachment style B. Anxious attachment style C. Avoidant attachment style D. Secure attachment style

D. Secure attachment style

Which of the following attachment styles is more likely to be characterized by trust, commitment, and longevity? A. Disorganized attachment style B. Avoidant attachment style C. Anxious attachment style D. Secure attachment style

D. Secure attachment style

_____ infants are defined as those who use the caregiver as a secure base from which to explore the environment. A. Securely detached B. Avoidant attached C. Insecurely attached D. Securely attached

D. Securely attached

Don and Ellie have been married for over 30 years. Which of the following is likely to be MOST important in their relationship? A. Romance B. Passion C. Physical attraction D. Security

D. Security

In the Berkeley Longitudinal Studies, which of the following characteristics was generally stable across time for an adult? A. Nurturance B. Hostility C. Self-control D. Self-confidence

D. Self-confidence

Which of the following are prematurely aging cells that result from persistent immune activation? A. NK cells B. red blood cells C. B lymphocytes D. Senescent T cells

D. Senescent T cells

_____ develops when individuals sense that they have done nothing for the next generation. A. Perpetuity B. Generativity C. Self-actualization D. Stagnation

D. Stagnation

If born today in the United States, which of the following persons would have the highest life expectancy? A. Jerome who is an African American male B. Larry who is a non-Latino White male C. Miranda who is an African American female D. Susan who is a non-Latino White female

D. Susan who is a non-Latino White female

49. Ramona is a college student who is concerned about her diabetes. Which of the following aerobic exercise is the doctor most likely to recommend? A. Weight lifting. B. Sprinting. C. Bodybuilding. D. Swimming.

D. Swimming.

The largest increases in media use in early adolescence are for: A. electronic books and DVDs. B. listening to music on MP3 players. C. chatting with friends on cell phones. D. TV and video games.

D. TV and video games.

2. _____ is an individual's behavioral style and characteristic emotional responses. A. Attitude B. Temper C. Disposition D. Temperament

D. Temperament

According to a 2010 survey, which of the following is the main way that adolescents connect with their friends? A. Phone calls B. Instant messaging C. E-mail D. Text messaging

D. Text messaging

Which of the following statements is true about the stage theories of adult development? A. Critics have regularly observed that the stage theories of adult development have a female bias. B. The central focus of stage theories have been predominantly away from career choice or work achievement. C. The stage theories adequately address women's concerns about relationships, interdependence, and caring. D. The adult stage theories have also placed little importance on childbearing and child rearing.

D. The adult stage theories have also placed little importance on childbearing and child rearing.

Which of the following is observed in older adults? A. Lung capacity increases B. Lungs become more elastic C. The diaphragm strengthens D. The chest size decreases

D. The chest size decreases

Which of the following is one of the reasons why many middle-aged workers are delaying their retirement plans? A. The increase of retirement age to 75 years B. The increasing opportunity for middle-aged professionals C. The increased productive health owing to medical advances D. The decline in defined-benefit pensions

D. The decline in defined-benefit pensions

Which of the following statements is TRUE about cholesterol levels in humans? A. High-density cholesterol leads to the hardening of the arteries when its level increases and sticks to the lining of the blood vessels. B. Low-density cholesterol is referred to as good cholesterol as the risk of cardiovascular disease reduces. C. High-density cholesterol is referred to as bad cholesterol as the risk of cardiovascular disease increases when low-density cholesterol is high. D. The level of cholesterol in the blood increases during the adult years and in midlife begins to accumulate on the artery walls.

D. The level of cholesterol in the blood increases during the adult years and in midlife begins to accumulate on the artery walls.

What is the most common change in sleep patterns of adults during middle age? A. Sleep-disordered breathing becomes less prevalent. B. Wakeful periods become less frequent during the night. C. The total number of hours slept dramatically increases. D. There is a decrease in the deepest type of sleep.

D. There is a decrease in the deepest type of sleep.

Identify the dual struggle often faced by immigrants to the U.S. A. To acculturate and take on a new identity B. To work and take care of their children C. To preserve their culture and resist change D. To preserve identity and to acculturate

D. To preserve identity and to acculturate

Which of the following is a factor that could undermine the influence of increases in longevity on the nature of grandparenting? A. Changing gender roles in childrearing B. Early marriage and childbirth C. Single-parenting and same-sex parents D. Trend in delaying childbearing

D. Trend in delaying childbearing

72. Angelique has a chromosomal disorder characterized by a missing X chromosome making her XO instead of XX. Angelique's doctors have diagnosed her with _____. A. fragile X syndrome B. XYY syndrome C. Klinefelter syndrome D. Turner syndrome

D. Turner syndrome

Which of the following changes is seen in the division of responsibility for work and family when more U.S. women took jobs outside home? A. U.S. men started avoiding any responsibility for maintaining the homes. B. U.S. women retracted and withdrew from taking responsibility for breadwinning. C. U.S. women and men failed to adapt any strategies to co-ordinate work and family. D. U.S. men started showing greater interest in their families and parenting.

D. U.S. men started showing greater interest in their families and parenting.

Which of the following is NOT one of the important characteristics men look for in women? A. Good looks B. Cooking skills C. Frugality D. Understanding

D. Understanding

38. According to the Almeida and Horn study, which of the following is the difference in the experience of stressors between young adults and middle-aged adults? A. Unlike middle-aged adults, young adults experienced daily stressors less frequently. B. Unlike young adults, middle-aged adults experienced lesser multiple stressors than older adults. C. Unlike middle-aged adults, young adults were less physically reactive to work stressors. D. Unlike young adults, middle-aged adults experienced more "overload" stressors.

D. Unlike young adults, middle-aged adults experienced more "overload" stressors.

_____ refers to the ability to encode and recall meaningful language units, such as a list of words. A. Spatial orientation B. Inductive reasoning C. Implicit memory D. Verbal memory

D. Verbal memory

Which of the following is NOT part of the group of vitamin supplements called antioxidants? A. Vitamin C B. Vitamin E C. Beta-carotene D. Vitamin B1

D. Vitamin B1

Which of the following statements about spirituality is TRUE? A. Only a small minority of U.S. adults consider themselves to be religious. B. Most US middle-aged adults do not consider spirituality a major part of their lives. C. There is no evidence of changes in spirituality and religiousness in people as they age. D. Women have consistently shown a stronger interest in religion and spirituality than men have.

D. Women have consistently shown a stronger interest in religion and spirituality than men have.

25. Which of the following statements about the changes in bone mass and density is TRUE? A. The loss of bone is faster for men than it is for women. B. By the end of early adulthood, bones break more easily and heal more slowly. C. Peak functioning of the body's joints occurs in the sixties. D. Women lose bone mass twice as fast as men do.

D. Women lose bone mass twice as fast as men do.

_____ are the most noticeable changes in physical appearance in late adulthood. A. Loss of hair and brittle nails B. Osteoporosis and osteoarthritis C. Reduction in height and weight D. Wrinkles and age spots

D. Wrinkles and age spots

The most effective way to treat adolescent depression is: A. through antidepressant medication like Prozac. B. not with medication, but through cognitive behavior therapy. C. a combination of psychoanalysis and family treatment. D. a combination of drug therapy and cognitive behavior therapy.

D. a combination of drug therapy and cognitive behavior therapy.

As opposed to the trend in young children, teenagers typically prefer to have: A. a large group of friends, some of whom are especially intimate. B. several friends, but only one "best" friend. C. friends that are all of the same sex. D. a smaller number of friendships that are more intense and intimate.

D. a smaller number of friendships that are more intense and intimate.

The ability to focus and maintain an image on the retina is referred to as _____ of the eye. A. muscle integrity B. focal power C. visual acuity D. accommodation

D. accommodation

122. Behavior geneticist Robert Plomin has found that shared environment: A. is independent of heredity influences. B. accounts for most of the variation in children's personality or interests. C. is responsible for higher incidence of rivalry and aggression between siblings. D. accounts for little of the variation in children's personality or interests.

D. accounts for little of the variation in children's personality or interests.

Identity _____ is the status of individuals who have undergone a crisis and made a commitment. A. diffusion B. foreclosure C. moratorium D. achievement

D. achievement

Sustained exercises such as jogging or swimming that stimulate heart and lung activity are known as: A. calisthenics. B. strength training. C. flexibility exercises. D. aerobic exercises.

D. aerobic exercises.

A recent study of unmarried relationship dissolution in 18- to 35-year-olds revealed that experiencing a breakup was linked to: A. a decrease in health problems. B. an increase in life satisfaction. C. a decrease in psychological stress. D. an increase in psychological stress.

D. an increase in psychological stress.

36. Sexually transmitted infections (STIs): A. are rarely passed through oral sex. B. can be prevented through the use of contraceptive pills or implants. C. rarely occur in U.S. adolescents. D. are contracted primarily through sexual contact.

D. are contracted primarily through sexual contact.

Research relating to individual temperaments has indicated that children with easy temperaments at age 3 to 5: A. are more likely to have learning disabilities in adolescence. B. largely do not carry that temperament into adulthood. C. are less likely than other adults to be assertive. D. are more likely to be well adjusted as young adults.

D. are more likely to be well adjusted as young adults.

Prolonged, elevated levels of stress-related hormones have been associated with all of the following conditions EXCEPT _____. A. hypertension B. cancer C. diabetes D. arthritis

D. arthritis

The old model of parent-adolescent relationships suggested that: A. routine negotiations and minor disputes can serve the developmental function of helping adolescents make the transition from childhood dependency to adult independence. B. in most families parent-adolescent conflict is moderate rather than severe. C. parents serve as important attachment figures and support systems, while adolescents explore a wider and more complex social world. D. as adolescents mature they detach themselves from parents and move into a world of autonomy apart from parents.

D. as adolescents mature they detach themselves from parents and move into a world of autonomy apart from parents.

Daughters of teenage mothers are: A. unlikely to become pregnant during adolescence. B. likely to be highly intelligent. C. more likely to use contraceptives. D. at increased risk for teenage childbearing.

D. at increased risk for teenage childbearing.

Individuals with a(n) _____ attachment style were less resistant to the temptations of infidelity, which was linked to their lower level of relationship commitment. A. disorganized B. anxious C. secure D. avoidant

D. avoidant

50. Clark's genotype contains a dominant gene for brown eye color and recessive gene for blue eye color. According to the dominant-recessive gene principle, which of the following phenotypes is most likely to be observed in Clark? A. black eyes B. blue eyes C. grey eyes D. brown eyes

D. brown eyes

Middle-aged adults feel they have less control over their: A. marriage. B. finances. C. work. D. children.

D. children.

Living together in a sexual relationship without being married is known as _____. A. consensual validation B. attachment C. coparenting D. cohabitation

D. cohabitation

119. In E. Mavis Hetherington's research, the _____ were individuals who made up only about 10 percent of the divorced group, and were "well-adjusted, self-sufficient, and socially skilled." A. defeated B. good-enoughs C. libertines D. competent loners

D. competent loners

Becky is careless, impulsive, and disorganized. According to the Big Five personality factors, Becky is most likely to score low on _____. A. openness to experience B. agreeableness C. neuroticism D. conscientiousness

D. conscientiousness

Critics point out that studies on the effectiveness of antioxidants in slowing the aging process thus far have been so-called population studies that are _____ in nature. A. hypothetical B. longitudinal C. experimental D. correlational

D. correlational

According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the percentage of married Americans in 2012 has _____ in comparison with the percentage in 1960. A. mildly increased B. remained stable C. been rapidly increasing D. declined

D. declined

1. Though controversial, studies indicate that self-esteem: A. is particularly high in adolescence. B. remains constant in adolescence. C. increases in adolescent boys. D. declines in adolescent girls.

D. declines in adolescent girls.

The number of juvenile court delinquency caseloads in the United States has: A. increased dramatically since 1996. B. increased slightly since 1960. C. decreased dramatically since 1996. D. decreased slightly since 1996.

D. decreased slightly since 1996.

Recent research has found that early-maturing girls are more likely than late-maturing girls to be: A. satisfied with their figures in late adolescence. B. taller and thinner when they reach high school. C. less popular with males their own age. D. depressed, become alcoholic, and/or have an eating disorder.

D. depressed, become alcoholic, and/or have an eating disorder.

From about the ages of 28 to 33, a man goes through a transition period in which he must face the more serious question of: A. achieving his independence. B. forming his dreams. C. achieving his goals. D. determining his goals.

D. determining his goals.

Leading researcher Charles Nelson proposed the view that, although adolescents are capable of very strong emotions, their prefrontal cortex has not adequately developed to the point at which they can control these passions. His view reflects the rapidly emerging field of _____, which involves connections between development, the brain, and cognitive or socioemotional processes. A. socioemotional neuroscience B. biosocial neuroscience C. psychosocial neuroscience D. developmental social neuroscience

D. developmental social neuroscience

Landon has a metabolic syndrome. His doctor is concerned because in many patients this leads to: A. arteriosclerosis and cirrhosis of the liver. B. pancreatic cancer and fatty liver. C. irritable bowel syndrome and gastric ulcers. D. diabetes and cardiovascular disease.

D. diabetes and cardiovascular disease.

90. Lindsay's body does not produce enough insulin, causing an abnormal metabolism of sugar. She is receiving insulin treatment. Lindsay has: A. spina bifida. B. hemophilia. C. phenylketonuria. D. diabetes.

D. diabetes.

22. Individuals whose identity status can be described as identity _____ are undecided about occupational and ideological choices, and they are also likely to show little interest in such matters. A. moratorium B. achievement C. foreclosure D. diffusion

D. diffusion

Joan has three grandchildren whom she loves dearly but she sees infrequently. Neugarten and Weinstein would classify Joan's grandparent style as _____. A. formal B. informal C. fun-seeking D. distant

D. distant

Emerging adults fail to develop health-promoting habits because they: A. believe that good genes will override any unhealthy behaviors. B. lack knowledge about which behaviors are healthy and unhealthy. C. are reluctant to be seen as health-conscious. D. do not think about how their lifestyle will affect them later in life.

D. do not think about how their lifestyle will affect them later in life

Most research studies indicate that the greatest change in personality traits occurs in: A. midlife. B. late midlife. C. late adulthood. D. early adulthood.

D. early adulthood.

75. Anorexia nervosa is a(n): A. eating disorder that involves a binge-and-purge sequence on a regular basis. B. anxiety disorder whose chief symptom is unrealistic fear of food. C. drug-induced reaction that produces tremors and vomiting. D. eating disorder that involves the relentless pursuit of thinness through starvation.

D. eating disorder that involves the relentless pursuit of thinness through starvation.

Adolescent _____ is the heightened self-consciousness of adolescents. A. mirror complex B. ethnocentrism C. solipsism D. egocentrism

D. egocentrism

A recent study conducted by VanKim & Laska revealed that college students from low-SES backgrounds _____ than their higher-SES counterparts. A. ate less fast food B. ate more fruits and vegetables C. controlled their weight better D. engaged in lower levels of physical activity

D. engaged in lower levels of physical activity

111. According to E. Mavis Hetherington, the _____ were mostly females who "grew more competent, well-adjusted, and self-fulfilled" following their divorce. A. good-enoughs B. seekers C. libertines D. enhancers

D. enhancers

Reggie, 16, gets into a lot of arguments with his parents. Going by what is generally observed about parent-adolescent conflict, it is likely that most of the arguments center around: A. whether Reggie uses drugs. B. Reggie's delinquent behavior. C. Reggie's alcoholism. D. everyday events of family life.

D. everyday events of family life.

116. Timothy is a quiet 6-year-old who is usually withdrawn in class. As a result, he does not receive much attention from his peers and mostly plays by himself. According to Sandra Scarr, this is an example of a(n) _____. A. passive genotype-environment correlation B. active (niche-picking) genotype-environment correlation C. gene x environment interaction D. evocative genotype-environment correlation

D. evocative genotype-environment correlation

5. Psychology's newest approach, _____, emphasizes the importance of adaptation, reproduction, and "survival of the fittest" in shaping behavior. A. behavioral psychology B. humanistic psychology C. cognitive psychology D. evolutionary psychology

D. evolutionary psychology

In a survey conducted by AARP (2004), the primary reason middle-aged and older men cited for wanting a divorce was: A. cheating. B. different values and lifestyles. C. alcohol or drug abuse. D. falling out of love.

D. falling out of love.

Penny has been diagnosed as suffering from bulimia nervosa. It is most likely that she: A. has a positive body image. B. also suffers from anorexia. C. is severely underweight. D. falls within a normal weight range.

D. falls within a normal weight range.

The oldest-old today are mostly: A. male. B. institutionalized. C. married. D. female.

D. female.

106. In Schaie's Seattle Longitudinal Study, verbal memory peaked in the: A. twenties. B. thirties. C. sixties. D. fifties.

D. fifties.

According to Levinson, the transition from dependence to independence is marked by the: A. realization of a goal. B. testing of a dream. C. free experimentation of a dream. D. formation of a dream.

D. formation of a dream.

117. If _____ are not developed during childhood, critical thinking skills are unlikely to mature in adolescence. A. moral values B. hypothetical-deductive reasoning skills C. formal operations D. fundamental skills

D. fundamental skills

14. A fertilized human egg cannot grow into a crocodile, duck, or fish specifically because of: A. social influence. B. environmental influence. C. adaptive behavior. D. genetic code.

D. genetic code.

About _____ college men admit to forcing sexual activity. A. a quarter of B. 3 in 4 C. 1 in 10 D. half of

D. half of

91. Compared with elderly men, elderly women are less likely to have: A. arthritis. B. hypertension. C. visual problems. D. hearing problems.

D. hearing problems.

Behind the first whisker in boys and the widening of hips in girls is a flood of _____, powerful chemical substances secreted by the endocrine glands and carried through the body by the bloodstream. A. amino acids B. phospholipids C. enzymes D. hormones

D. hormones

Being overweight or obese is linked to increased risk of: A. cancer. B. Down syndrome. C. anemia. D. hypertension.

D. hypertension.

A longitudinal study by Harris and others revealed that most bad health habits developed during adolescence _____ in emerging adulthood. A. receded B. did not continue C. remained unchanged D. increased

D. increased

According to Denise Park, much of the blame for declining memory in late middle age is a result of: A. neuroanatomical changes during late middle age. B. decreased blood supply to various parts of the brain. C. physiological and cognitive atrophy during late middle age. D. information overload that builds up over the adult years.

D. information overload that builds up over the adult years.

Development in early adulthood involves a balance of: A. autonomy and freedom on the one hand with shame and doubt on the other. B. passion and trust. C. interconnection, independence, and negotiation. D. intimacy and commitment on the one hand with independence and freedom on the other.

D. intimacy and commitment on the one hand with independence and freedom on the other.

32. Jule's 23rd chromosome pair consists of an X chromosome and a Y chromosome. This indicates that Jule: A. has Down syndrome. B. has XYY syndrome. C. is a female. D. is a male.

D. is a male.

According to Erik Erikson, if individuals do not develop intimacy, they face: A. low self-esteem. B. insecure attachment. C. narcissism. D. isolation.

D. isolation.

Most swimmers and gymnasts peak in their: A. early thirties. B. mid-twenties. C. late twenties. D. late teens.

D. late teens.

A common complaint voiced by both adult children and their parents when adult children return home is a(n): A. lack of social interaction. B. lack of career development. C. increased strain on finances. D. loss of privacy.

D. loss of privacy.

Adolescents in the Family Matters program reported: A. no change in alcohol and cigarette use at three months, but a marked decline at one year. B. lower alcohol and cigarette use at three months, but the positive effect seemed to wear off about one year after the program had been completed. C. no change in alcohol use, but a marked decrease in cigarette smoking. D. lower alcohol and cigarette use at three months and at one year after the program had been completed.

D. lower alcohol and cigarette use at three months and at one year after the program had been completed.

Middle adulthood is referred to as the sandwich generation because: A. life is very hectic and families rarely have a full meal together. B. people expect middle-aged adults to be both wise and mature as well as young and energetic. C. middle-aged adults are caught in a conflict between caring more for their spouse's parents than their own. D. middle-aged adults may have to care for their own adolescent children as well as their elderly parents.

D. middle-aged adults may have to care for their own adolescent children as well as their elderly parents.

The tiny bodies within cells that supply essential energy for function, growth, and repair are known as: A. Lewy bodies. B. ribosomes. C. chromosomes. D. mitochondria.

D. mitochondria.

23. During the process of _____, the cell's nucleus—including the chromosomes—duplicates itself and the cell divides resulting in the formation of two cells. A. meiosis B. osmosis C. fertilization D. mitosis

D. mitosis

23. Identity _____ is James Marcia's term for the status of adolescents who are in the midst of a crisis, and whose commitment levels are either absent or only vaguely defined. A. confusion B. stagnation C. diffusion D. moratorium

D. moratorium

33. A recent meta-analysis of 124 studies by Jane Kroger and her colleagues revealed that during adolescence and emerging adulthood, identity _____ status rose steadily to age 19 and then declined. A. achievement B. foreclosure C. diffusion D. moratorium

D. moratorium

According to a national study conducted by Eagan & others, more than 165,000 freshmen at more than 230 colleges and universities, today's college students experience _____ than students in previous generations. A. less mental exhaustion B. less depression C. more optimism D. more stress

D. more stress

37. A mistake by the cellular machinery, or damage from an environmental agent such as radiation, may produce a _____, which is a permanently altered segment of DNA. A. susceptibility gene B. vulnerability gene C. longevity gene D. mutated gene

D. mutated gene

A recent study of 8- to 12-year-old girls found that a higher level of media multitasking was linked to: A. early identity achievement. B. secure attachment to parents. C. feeling more normal. D. negative social well-being.

D. negative social well-being.

According to a national survey, _____ boys exercised the most, _____ girls the least. A. Latino; Latina B. African American; non-Latino White C. Latino; African American and Asians D. non-Latino White; African American and Latino

D. non-Latino White; African American and Latino

Calvin has just turned 90 years old. He would be considered among the: A. young-old. B. middle-old. C. old-old. D. oldest-old.

D. oldest-old.

According to Lachman, researchers have found that in _____ of the cases in which individuals have reported going through a midlife crisis, the "crisis is triggered by life events such as a job loss, financial problems, or illness." A. one-fourth B. half C. two-thirds D. one-third

D. one-third

At 60 years of age, the retina receives only _____ as much light as it did at 20 years of age. A. two-third B. one-fourth C. half D. one-third

D. one-third

A meta-analysis conducted by Zhao, Seibert, and Lumpkin in 2010 revealed that _____ was linked to pursuing entrepreneurial goals such as starting a new business, and to success in those pursuits. A. agreeableness B. neuroticism C. extraversion D. openness

D. openness

62. According to Robert J. Sternberg's triarchic theory of love, _____ is physical and sexual attraction to another. A. attachment B. commitment C. intimacy D. passion

D. passion

Matt and Sandra are not letting go of their children even though the children have become adults and are earning enough to live on their own. Matt and Sandra are engaging in _____. A. bulldozer parenting B. helicopter parenting C. boomerang parenting D. permaparenting

D. permaparenting

9. An individual's body image encompasses his or her _____. A. sexual identity B. personality C. relationship identity D. physical identity

D. physical identity

47. A phenotype can consist of _____ as well as _____ characteristics. A. physical; environmental B. conscious; subconscious C. biological; ecological D. physical; psychological

D. physical; psychological

Kendra has a few shots of vodka before going out to attend her annual college party. Kendra has engaged in _____. A. boot and rally B. high-risk drinking C. extreme binge drinking D. pregaming

D. pregaming

6. Puberty refers to a period of: A. declining abstract thought and emotional maturation during late adolescence involving neural and synaptic development in the brain. B. declining gross motor development during late childhood due to the maturation of the temporal and parietal lobes. C. rapid psychological and emotional maturation that lasts through adolescence and is a product of enhanced cognitive development. D. rapid physical maturation involving hormonal and bodily changes that occurs primarily during early adolescence.

D. rapid physical maturation involving hormonal and bodily changes that occurs primarily during early adolescence.

The term _____ is given to age-related loss of muscle mass and strength. A. sarcoma B. osteopenia C. osteoporosis D. sarcopenia

D. sarcopenia

31. According to Mario Mikulincer and Phillip Shaver, when adults who are _____ face stress and adversity, they activate cognitive representations of security, are mindful of what is happening around them, and mobilize effective coping strategies. A. avoidant B. securely detached C. insecurely attached D. securely attached

D. securely attached

109. Shakena is a 38-year-old single woman who works as a pharmaceutical representative. She would like to adopt a child. Recent changes in adoption requirements would mean that: A. she would not be considered as a candidate for adopting a child because she is in a same-sex relationship. B. she would not be considered as a candidate for adopting a child because she is of African-American descent. C. she would be able to adopt a child after she gets married. D. she would be considered as a candidate for adopting a child.

D. she would be considered as a candidate for adopting a child.

The timetable according to which individuals are expected to accomplish life's tasks, such as getting married, having children, or establishing themselves in a career is known as the _____. A. interval measure B. life-event calendar C. circadian rhythm D. social clock

D. social clock

As he looks back at life, Chris realizes that his work was not as important to him as he believed, and that he lost too much valuable time with his children. If he could do it over again, he would work less and spend more time with his children. According to Erikson, Chris is experiencing some degree of _____. A. social rejection B. apathy C. generativity D. stagnation

D. stagnation

Telomeres and telomerase are increasingly thought to be key components of the _____ process, providing a possible avenue to restrain cancer and delay aging. A. hormone production B. antibody proliferation C. free radical regeneration D. stem cell regeneration

D. stem cell regeneration

All of the following are the recommendations for preventing osteoporosis in middle-aged women EXCEPT: A. eating foods rich in calcium. B. avoiding smoking. C. taking a drug such as Fosamax. D. taking a high dose of vitamin B.

D. taking a high dose of vitamin B.

A New Zealand longitudinal study assessed the self-esteem of adolescents at 11, 13, and 15 years of age and then assessed the adjustment and competence of the same individuals when they were 26 years old. Its results indicated: A. no connection between self-esteem in adolescence and competence as adults. B. that well-adjusted, competent adults were just as likely as adults characterized by poorer mental and physical health to have low self-esteem in adolescence. C. individuals with low self-esteem in adolescence showed no negative outcomes in adulthood. D. that adults characterized by poorer mental and physical health were more likely to have low self-esteem in adolescence than well-adjusted, competent adults.

D. that adults characterized by poorer mental and physical health were more likely to have low self-esteem in adolescence than well-adjusted, competent adults.

Donna is concerned about her adolescent daughter's tendency to flare up at the mildest provocations. Donna says that her daughter refuses to see reason sometimes and seems unable to exercise much self-control. As a specialist in the development of adolescents, you would tell Donna that her daughter's behavior could partly be explained by the biological reason that: A. the prefrontal cortex—involved in reasoning and self-control—has developed fully by early adolescence. B. the corpus callosum, where fibers connect the brain's left and right hemispheres, thickens in adolescence. C. by the end of adolescence, individuals have fewer, less selective, less effective neuronal connections than they did as children. D. the amygdala—the seat of emotions such as anger—matures earlier than the prefrontal cortex in adolescents.

D. the amygdala—the seat of emotions such as anger—matures earlier than the prefrontal cortex in adolescents.

36. Jerome and Tyrone are fraternal twins. This means that they developed from: A. a single egg that was fertilized by a single sperm. B. a single egg that was fertilized by two different sperms. C. two eggs that were fertilized by a single sperm. D. two eggs that were fertilized by two different sperms.

D. two eggs that were fertilized by two different sperms.

93. Gwendolyn is having a prenatal test where her doctor uses high-frequency sound waves directed into her abdomen to check her fetus. She is most likely having a(n) _____. A. chorionic villus sampling B. triple screen C. amniocentesis D. ultrasound sonography

D. ultrasound sonography

Almost half of all deaths from 15 to 24 years of age are due to: A. a chronic disease. B. suicide. C. homicide. D. unintentional injuries.

D. unintentional injuries.

Economic problems that led to the recession at the end of the first decade of the twenty-first century produced: A. stability in unemployment rates. B. low unemployment rates. C. moderate change in unemployment rates. D. unusually high unemployment rates.

D. unusually high unemployment rates.

The critical-period hypothesis could explain: A. why homosexuals seem to be aroused by the same types of tactile stimulation as heterosexuals. B. how sexual orientation is mostly a product of culture and life experiences. C. why some clinicians consider homosexuality the product of an abnormality of the brain. D. why sexual orientation is difficult, if not impossible, to modify.

D. why sexual orientation is difficult, if not impossible, to modify.

30. During fertilization, an egg and a sperm fuse to create a single cell called a _____. A. blastocyst B. fetus C. gamete D. zygote

D. zygote

In 2010, by 40 years of age, _____ percent of individuals had ever been married. A. 35 B. 40 C. 77 D. 50

C. 77

Today, the average life expectancy in the United States is: A. 72 years. B. 74 years. C. 78 years. D. 80 years.

C. 78 years.

A person suffering from anorexia nervosa would have a weight less than _____ percent of what is considered normal for their age and height. A. 25 B. 60 C. 85 D. 65

C. 85

Which of the following is one of the main characteristics of people suffering from anorexia nervosa? A. Higher than average body weight B. Higher than average height C. A distorted image of the body shape D. A constant need to consume food

C. A distorted image of the body shape

HDL is often referred to as _____ cholesterol. A. "good" B. "simple" C. "bad" D. "compound"

A. "good"

74. Slightly less than _____ percent of American girls develop anorexia nervosa. A. 1 B. 10 C. 5 D. 15

A. 1

In a single act of unprotected sex with an infected partner, a teenage girl has a _____ percent risk of getting HIV. A. 1 B. 10 C. 25 D. 50

A. 1

Approximately _____ percent of U.S. women are estimated to develop bulimia nervosa. A. 1 to 2 B. 5 to 6 C. 10 to 12 D. 15 to 20

A. 1 to 2

As many as _____ percent of adolescents in the United States have been estimated to engage in all four of the problem behaviors common in adolescents such as drug abuse, juvenile delinquency, sexual problems, and school-related problems. A. 10 B. 20 C. 25 D. 30

A. 10

Hardening of the arteries is known as _____. A. arteriosclerosis B. osteoporosis C. multiple sclerosis D. atherosclerosis

D. atherosclerosis

In her meeting with a counselor, Dalton revealed that he was uncomfortable being close to others. He finds it difficult to trust people completely and doesn't allow himself to depend completely on them. He gets nervous if someone tries to get too intimate with him. It seems likely that Dalton has a(n) _____ attachment style. A. secure B. anxious C. conflicted D. avoidant

D. avoidant

85. In sum, adolescents' lives are characterized by a combination of: A. drug and alcohol use. B. rebellion and delinquency. C. storm and stress. D. change and tradition.

D. change and tradition.

Recommended for women wanting to get pregnant to reduce the likelihood of mother and baby getting certain illnesses.

Vaccination

Manny has contracted a virus that is destroying his body's immune system. Manny most likely has _____. A. AIDS B. herpes C. syphilis D. gonorrhea

A. AIDS

The majority of unintentional injuries in adolescence involve: A. motor vehicle accident. B. firearms. C. homicide. D. sports-related injury.

A. motor vehicle accident.

Which of the following characteristics do men rate in women as most important? A. Good looks B. Honesty C. Understanding D. Kindness

A. Good looks

56. Most individuals who have X-linked diseases are _____. A. males B. females C. intersex D. hemophiliacs

A. males

When men use fight-or-flight manner to respond to stress, they are most likely to: A. withdraw from social contact. B. be merciful and forgiving. C. seek social alliances. D. tend and befriend people.

A. withdraw from social contact.

The slowdown in learning new information has been linked to changes in _____, where individuals manipulate and assemble information when making decisions, solving problems, and comprehending written and spoken language. A. working memory B. brain circuitry C. episodic memory D. neural network

A. working memory

Children who leave college and return to live home with their parents are on the cusp of _____. A. young adulthood B. adolescence C. middle adulthood D. midlife

A. young adulthood

Can be done between the 15th and 18th week of pregnancy to test for chromosomal metabolic disorders. This procedure carries a small risk of miscarriage.

Amniocentesis

The initial stage of development of romantic relationships in adolescence is characterized by entry into romantic attractions and affiliations at about _____ years of age. A. 8 to 9 B. 11 to 13 C. 14 to 16 D. 17 to 19

B. 11 to 13

73. Turner syndrome occurs in approximately _____ live female births. A. 1 of every 100 B. 1 of every 2,500 C. 1 of every 22,500 D. 1 of every 40,000

B. 1 of every 2,500

Anorexia nervosa is about _____ likely to occur in females than males. A. twice more B. 10 times more C. half as D. three times more

B. 10 times more

Which of the following areas will be less sensitive to touch in older adults? A. Wrists B. Ankles C. Shoulder D. Elbows

B. Ankles

In which country is cohabitation virtually universal before marriage? A. France B. Sweden C. United States D. Kenya

B. Sweden

Piaget stressed that young adults are more quantitatively advanced in their thinking than adolescents because: A. they engage in less logical and abstract thinking. B. they have more knowledge. C. they enter the concrete operational stage at about 18 years of age. D. they engage in more idealistic thinking.

B. they have more knowledge.

Regular _____ has been shown to decrease the onset of physical disability in older adults. A. weight training B. walking C. massage D. checkups

B. walking

According to the cellular clock theory of aging, cells can divide a maximum of: A. 50 to 60 times. B. 65 to 70 times. C. 75 to 80 times. D. 80 to 100 times.

C. 75 to 80 times.

_____ are DNA sequences that cap chromosomes. A. Free radicals B. Polymers C. Telomeres D. Mitochondria

C. Telomeres

Research on the idea of the postformal stage of cognitive development has: A. proven that formal operational thinking is qualitatively more advanced than postformal thinking. B. found no evidence of postformal thought in young adults. C. yet to document that postformal thought is a qualitatively more advanced stage than formal operational thought. D. found that concrete operational thought is more advanced than postformal thought.

C. yet to document that postformal thought is a qualitatively more advanced stage than formal operational thought.

A type of prenatal care where women with similar expected delivery dates between 12 and 16 weeks of gestation meet regularly about 10 times throughout their pregnancy.

Centering Pregnancy

_____ refers to a behavior pattern characterized by an overwhelming involvement with a drug and a preoccupation with securing its supply. A. Abuse B. Dependence C. Attachment D. Addiction

D. Addiction

Genetic screening can detect this glandular dysfunction that interferes with mucus production; breathing and digestion are hampered, resulting in a shortened life span.

Cystic Fibrosis

Early-onset antisocial behavior is defined as antisocial behavior before age _____. A. 13 B. 17 C. 15 D. 11

D. 11

60. Most characteristics are: A. determined by a single gene. B. determined by a pair of genes. C. not determined by genes. D. determined polygenically.

D. determined polygenically.

113. After Mildred's divorce, she went back to college, renewed old acquaintanceships, and took up ballroom dancing. After completing college, she got the job she'd always wanted and entered into a long-term relationship. Mildred chose the pathway of: A. the good-enoughs. B. the defeated. C. the seeker. D. the enhancer.

D. the enhancer.

Most rites of passage focus on: A. severing ties with the adolescent's native culture. B. the initiation into the nuclear family. C. the reaffirmation of the adolescent's connection with immediate family. D. the transition to adult status.

D. the transition to adult status.

All of the following are myths about gay and lesbian couples EXCEPT: A. they have a large number of sexual partners. B. they do not have long-term relationships. C. one partner assumes a masculine role, and one partner assumes a feminine role. D. they prefer long-term, committed relationships.

D. they prefer long-term, committed relationships.

103. Trevor and Michelle's last child has just left home to attend college. According to a research conducted by Gorchoff, John, and Helson in 2008, this will most likely be a time when: A. Trevor and Michelle will grow more emotionally distant. B. Michelle will feel depressed, but Trevor will not. C. they will spend less time together as they both pursue outside interests. D. they will have increased marital satisfaction.

D. they will have increased marital satisfaction.

Since the 1950s, the adolescent suicide rate has: A. stayed the same. B. decreased. C. doubled. D. tripled.

D. tripled.

Screening done after the first trimester that generates detailed images of fetal organs and structures; used to detect and diagnose fetal malformations.

Fetal MRI

Heartbeat is detectable by ultrasound, face is forming, and can smile, frown, suck, and swallow.

First Trimester

Supplementation recommended for women wanting to get pregnant to reduce risks of neural tube defects.

Folic Acid

Contraindicated for pregnant women. If a woman is found to be pregnant, delay remainder of the 3 doses until after the pregnancy.

Human Papilloma Virus (HPV)

Attitudes and stereotypes about individuals or groups of people that subconsciously influence choices and conduct.

Implicit Bias

Recommended for ages 6 months and up, especially for pregnant and postpartum women (with the exception of the live version) due to increased susceptibility to illness.

Influenza (Flu)

Downy hair (lanugo) covers body, weighs about 11 ounces, can suck thumb, and can hiccup.

Second Trimester

Heartbeat is strong and audible with regular stethoscope, eyes are open, and has coordinated movements.

Second Trimester

Also known as the triple screen, this test identifies pregnancies with an elevated risk for birth defects like spina bifida, Down syndrome, and congenital heart disease.

Maternal Blood Screening

Live vaccine contraindicated for pregnant women or women trying to get pregnant due to possible risks to fetus.

Measles, Mumps, & Rubella (MMR)

Diseases and illnesses such as diabetes, asthma, and hypertension that can pose serious risks to a health conception and pregnancy.

Prenatal or pre-existing health conditions

A process of identifying social, behavioral, environmental, and biomedical risks to a woman's fertility and pregnancy outcome, preconception care is also considered what stage of prevention?

Primary Prevention

Factors that contribute to a person's current state of health; may be biological, socioeconomic, psychosocial, behavioral, or social in nature.

Social Determinants of Health

Administer a dose of this vaccine with each pregnancy irrespective of the patient's history of receiving it.

Tetanus, Diphtheria, and Pertussis (Tdap)

102. What is the notable finding of Schaie's assessment of intellectual abilities of parents and their children? A. The second generation scored higher on numerical abilities. B. The second generation showed higher levels of cognitive functioning in inductive reasoning. C. The offspring generation showed cognitive decline from 60 to 67 years of age. D. The parent generation showed modest increase in cognitive functioning from 60 to 67 years of age.

The second generation showed higher levels of cognitive functioning in inductive reasoning.

Has periods of sleep and wakefulness, varying activity, responds to sound, and is adding body fat.

Third Trimester

Often done seven weeks into a pregnancy and later throughout the pregnancy. Uses high frequency sound waves to give a visual representation of the fetus's inner structure.

Ultrasound Sonography