19

In the late nineteenth century, Democrats tended to attract greater numbers of A)Catholics. B)citizens of old American stock. C)the middle class. D)Protestants. E)northern blacks.

A

The Farmers' Alliances A)were far more widespread than the Grange movement. B)were created to replace Grange associations. C)had more effective and better-managed cooperatives than the Grange movement. D)sought a closer working relationship with banks than had the Grange movement. E)shunned the political system, emphasizing instead education and organization.

A

The Spanish-American War began primarily because of events in A)Cuba. B)the Philippines. C)Puerto Rico. D)Mexico. E)Guatemala.

A

Criticisms within the United States regarding American colonialism included all the following major arguments EXCEPT that A)the financial costs of administering colonies would require burdensome taxes. B)imperialism was immoral and contrary to the nation's commitment to human freedom. C)foreign obligations and entangling alliances would threaten American liberties. D)the nation's population would be "polluted" by "inferior" races. E)imperialism would mean a flood of cheap laborers and unwelcome competition.

A

American agriculture at the turn of the century benefited from A)foreign crop failures. B)new discoveries of silver. C)a new silver agreement with Great Britain and France. D)new federal crop subsidies. E)free trade agreements negotiated by William McKinley.

A

An examination of American voters in the late nineteenth century reveals A)voter turnout for both presidential and nonpresidential elections was very high. B)there was greater voter interest in local elections than in national elections. C)southern white males voted Republican as a matter of unquestioned faith. D)voters did not strongly identify with either the Republican or Democratic Party. E)voter turnout was lower than it has been in recent decades.

A

Beginning in 1898, the American war in the Philippines A)lasted for years and resulted in thousands of American deaths. B)saw close to 10,000 Filipinos die in the conflict. C)was led by General George Pershing. D)saw the United States withdraw its military and negotiate a diplomatic end to the conflict. E)went much more smoothly than the recent Spanish-American War.

A

Chester A. Arthur A)supported the Pendleton Act as part of civil service reform. B)upset reformers by supporting the political "spoils system." C)quickly replaced most of James Garfield's appointees. D)was a political novice when he assumed the presidency. E)had long been a fierce opponent of Roscoe Conkling.

A

In the early 1900s, which American dependency did NOT receive territorial status? A)Cuba B)Alaska C)Puerto Rico D)Hawaii E)None of these answers is correct, as all received territorial status.

A

The bulk of U.S. soldiers in the Spanish-American War came from A)National Guard units. B)volunteers. C)a draft. D)the federal professional army. E)hired mercenaries.

A

The Spanish-American War revealed to American military planners A)the need to improve glaring deficiencies in the army. B)that they should never fight another war in the malaria-infested Caribbean. C)the necessity of maintaining a military draft. D)that National Guard troops were less reliable than federal troops. E)the need to desegregate the armed forces.

A

In the late nineteenth century, the United States' interest in Samoa saw competition from A)Russia. B)Germany. C)Japan. D)Australia. E)Spain.

B

The Chinese Boxer Rebellion of 1900 was directed at A)the Chinese government. B)all foreigners in China. C)Americans in China. D)Japanese in China. E)the growing Chinese communist movement.

B

According to the terms of the 1901 Platt Amendment, A)Cuba could only form treaties with nations that were allied with the United States. B)the United States had the right to intervene in Cuba to protect life and property. C)Cuba was to be made a demilitarized region. D)the U.S. Congress had to approve each member of the Cuban legislature. E)Cuba was to be granted full political independence.

B

Arguments used by Social Darwinists in the United States to justify expansionism A)included the belief that weak nations should be left room to develop. B)contended that all nations were engaged in a constant struggle to survive. C)were created and first promoted by Charles Darwin himself. D)differed sharply from arguments used for domestic economic affairs. E)suggested that harmony am

B

As the Republican Party approached the 1896 election, they were A)deeply divided over their candidate. B)confident of victory. C)in agreement that unemployment would be the major issue. D)deeply divided over their candidate, but confident of victory. E)None of these answers is correct.

B

In 1894, Jacob Coxey and his supporters A)demanded that Congress establish a program of unemployment insurance. B)called for a public works program for the unemployed. C)organized a march on Washington as part of plans to overthrow the government. D)were arrested by police, with many later deported as anarchists. E)demanded that Congress nationalize the railroads.

B

In 1899, supporters of the annexation of the Philippines argued the United States had set a precedent for taking land while treating its inhabitants as dependents with the case of the A)North's occupation of the South following the Civil War. B)federal government's treatment of American Indians. C)nation's claiming of Florida from Spain in 1819. D)United States' taking of Hawaii in 1898. E)United States' claiming of California and Texas after the Mexican War.

B

In his second term, President Grover Cleveland A)grew more active in social reform. B)followed policies similar to those of his first term. C)faced a Republican-controlled Congress. D)changed his position on tariffs. E)None of these answers is correct.

B

The Foraker Act of 1900 A)made all Puerto Ricans citizens of the United States. B)established an American colonial government over Puerto Rico. C)put Puerto Rico under American military rule. D)called for Puerto Rico to be considered for statehood. E)abolished slavery in Puerto Rico.

B

The Panic of 1893 A)grew out of a political scandal in the Cleveland administration. B)triggered the nation's most severe depression up to that point. C)began with a drought in the Midwest. D)was blamed largely on Populist politics. E)grew out of the Cleveland administration's attempts at monetary reform.

B

Which of the following statements regarding the Spanish-American War is FALSE? A)The war lasted only a few months, with fewer than 500 American battle casualties. B)U.S. Army soldiers were well-equipped and supplied. C)More than 5,000 U.S. soldiers died from disease during the war. D)Cuban rebels did most of the fighting even after the Americans joined in the war. E)Most Americans shared the opinion that it was a "splendid little war."

B

In 1896, the major economic issue for William McKinley's administration was A)the repeal of the Sherman Silver Purchase Act. B)the restoration of "bimetallism." C)the need for higher tariff rates. D)labor unrest. E)the repeal of the Specie Resumption Act.

C

In the early stage of the Spanish-American War, Commodore George Dewey destroyed the Spanish fleet in A)Puerto Rico. B)Havana Harbor. C)Manila Harbor. D)Port-au-Prince. E)the Gulf of Mexico.

C

The "Open Door notes" A)sought to give the United States a monopoly on trade with China. B)gave the United States a reason to be militarily involved in China. C)were directed to imperial powers in Europe and Asia. D)were written by Theodore Roosevelt. E)argued that Japan should open its borders to free trade.

C

The Sherman Antitrust Act of 1890 A)was strongly opposed by congressional Republicans. B)signified that the era of trusts was ending. C)was indifferently enforced and weakened by the courts. D)was strengthened by the courts over the next decade. E)mirrored legislation passed earlier in New Jersey and Delaware.

C

The Treaty of Paris concluding the Spanish-American War A)required Spain to pay the United States $20 million for its military costs. B)was quickly ratified by the United States Senate. C)transferred the Philippines and Puerto Rico to the United States. D)was rejected by Spain and was never implemented. E)rejected most of the terms of the earlier armistice.

C

The first civilian governor of the Philippines, who gave Filipinos broad local autonomy, was A)Emilio Aguinaldo. B)Arthur MacArthur. C)Elihu Root. D)Theodore Roosevelt. E)William Howard Taft.

E

The man appointed to supervise a major overhaul of the armed forces was A)William Howard Taft. B)Leonard Wood. C)William Shafter. D)Arthur MacArthur. E)Elihu Root.

E

In 1892, the People's Party called for A)government subsidies of water for agricultural use. B)the federal government to purchase surplus crops. C)a flat income tax for all rural businesses. D)a government network of crop warehouses. E)government subsidies of wheat, corn, and cotton.

D

In the early twentieth century, Cuba A)attracted little investment by American businesses. B)won a large measure of political independence from the United States. C)developed a stable economy through its sugar industry. D)was occupied by troops from the United States for years at a time. E)saw intermittent resistance against "Yankee imperialism."

D

In the late nineteenth century, as veterans of the Civil War retired, A)the federal government created a pension system for all retired Americans. B)they were paid pensions by individual states, but not by the federal government. C)the federal government gave pensions to both Union and Confederate veterans. D)a majority of the black and white male population in the North received federal pensions. E)they were forced to do without military pensions of any kind.

D

In the late nineteenth century, the most striking feature of the American party system was its A)ideological divisions. B)general activism. C)lack of corruption. D)remarkable stability. E)multiple parties.

D

The "Cross of Gold" speech was given in 1896 by A)William McKinley. B)Grover Cleveland. C)Mark Hanna. D)William Jennings Bryan. E)James Weaver.

D

The author who called on the United States to increase its naval forces in his book, The Influence of Sea Power upon History, was A)William McKinley. B)Richard Olney. C)James G. Blaine. D)Alfred T. Mahan. E)Leonard Wood.

D

The leader of Hawaii who was forced to yield authority to the American government upon annexation was A)King Kamehameha I. B)G. P. Judd. C)William Hooper. D)Queen Liliuokalani. E)King Kamehameha III.

D

What statement regarding the national Grange movement is FALSE? A)At their peak, Grange supporters controlled the legislatures of most Midwest states. B)It attempted to teach new scientific farming techniques to its members. C)It sought to regulate the power and practices of railroads and warehouses. D)It was greatly strengthened by the end of the economic depression in the late 1870s. E)The political inexperience of many Grange leaders hurt the movement.

D

In the 1888 election, the position of primary importance to the Republican Party was A)restrictions on immigration. B)reductions in taxation. C)a prohibition on alcohol. D)support for public education. E)support for high tariffs.

E

Prior to its annexation by the United States in 1898, Hawaii A)did not have a sugar industry. B)was largely governed by a representative assembly. C)had a native population of under ten thousand inhabitants. D)had little contact with the United States. E)had witnessed a revolution staged by American planters.

E

Samuel Burchard's "rum, Romanism, and rebellion" speech during the election of 1884 most hurt A)Grover Cleveland. B)Benjamin Harrison. C)Chester A. Arthur. D)Roscoe Conkling. E)James G. Blaine.

E

The American politician who referred to the Spanish-American conflict as "a splendid little war" was A)William McKinley. B)Elihu Root. C)Theodore Roosevelt. D)William Jennings Bryan. E)John Hay.

E

The Interstate Commerce Act of 1887 A)put in place a series of regulations for railroad companies. B)had little practical effect for decades. C)created a five-person commission to oversee the act. D)both created a five-person commission to oversee the act, and had little practical effect for decades. E)All these answers are correct.

E

Theodore Roosevelt's famous charge in the battle of San Juan Hill, in the Spanish-American War, A)has been considered bold and reckless. B)was a minor part of the battle. C)actually took place on Kettle Hill. D)resulted in nearly a hundred American dead or wounded. E)All these answers are correct.

E

Throughout the late nineteenth century, the federal government A)developed a prominent role in international relations. B)shrank in size in terms of employees and budget expenditures. C)had no meaningful responsibilities. D)funded large public-works projects to alleviate unemployment. E)was relatively inactive.

E

To many middle-class Americans, the major labor upheavals of the late nineteenth century A)were evidence that the inequalities of capitalism needed to be addressed. B)drew little interest outside of large urban cities. C)were clear indications of the excessive power of monopolies. D)suggested that a Labor Party, if founded, might eventually capture the presidency. E)were dangerous signs of social instability.

E

The author of The Influence of Sea Power upon History believed the United States A)should take possession of the Hawaiian Islands. B)should go to war with England to destroy its navy. C)had too cumbersome a navy and should streamline it by decommissioning capital ships. D)should both take possession of the Hawaiian Islands and go to war with England to destroy its navy. E)All these answers are correct.

A

The election of 1888 A)involved clear differences on tariff issues between the major parties. B)was one of the few elections during this era to escape charges of corruption. C)produced a clear mandate from the voters for political reform. D)was decided by Congress. E)saw the Democrats take back the White House.

A

In the 1896 presidential election, William Jennings Bryan ran on which party's ticket? A)Farmers' Alliance. B)Democrats. C)Populists. D)Republicans. E)Grangers.

B

In the campaign of 1896, William McKinley A)alienated Protestants by reaching out to Catholics. B)campaigned largely from his house. C)was significantly outspent by his opponent. D)appealed to the interests of urban industrial workers. E)embarked on an unprecedented public-speaking tour.

B

The congressional law of 1873 that officially discontinued silver coinage A)was passed to benefit international trade merchants. B)was passed over the strong objections of farmers. C)became known to critics as the "Crime of '73." D)was hotly debated at the time. E)was passed because the value of silver had fallen to an all-time low.

C

The letter stolen in 1898 from Dupuy de Lôme, Spain's minister to Washington, was controversial because it A)included praise for the destruction of the battleship Maine. B)discussed the use of Spanish spies in Washington, D.C. C)described William McKinley as a weak president. D)mocked the military capabilities of the United States. E)argued that Mexico should attack the U.S. to regain California and Texas.

C

The political battles between Stalwarts and Half-Breeds constituted a fight A)within the Democratic Party. B)that ultimately redefined national political practices. C)between Republican traditionalists and reformers. D)that revolved around the temperance movement. E)over the legacy of Reconstruction.

C

The Sherman Silver Purchase Act of 1890 called for the federal government to A)purchase and coin silver. B)expand the nation's currency supply. C)change the ratio of silver to gold to 20:1. D)abandon the gold standard. E)purchase silver but not coin it.

E

The election of 1892 A)saw Populism do well at the local level but fail to elect anyone to Congress. B)exposed the declining political power of farmers. C)saw the Republicans sweep into dominant power. D)saw few Populist-backed candidates get elected. E)saw the debut of the People's Party.

E