1920's Review

Route 66

"The Mother Road" to opportunity, finished in 1926, that connected Chicago to Los Angeles. Most people used this highway to move westward.

Women's Fahion

1920's Dresses were lighter (due to less material and new synthetic fabrics) and brighter and shorter than ever before. Women would cut their hair into short bobs. More freedom to women

Entertainment

1920s, a new medium—the radio—suddenly appeared. The first commercial radio station went on the air in 1920 and broadcast music to just a few thousand listeners. By 1930 there were over 800 stations broadcasting to 10 million radios—about a third of all U.S. homes. The organization of the National Broadcasting Company (NBC) in 1924 and the Columbia Broadcasting System (CBS) in 1927 provided networks of radio stations that enabled people from one end of the country to the other to listen to the same programs: news broadcasts, sporting events, soap operas, quiz shows, and comedies. Movie industry centered in Hollywood, California, became big business in the 1920s. as Greta Garbo and Rudolf Valentino were idolized by millions. Elaborate movie theater "palaces" were built for the general public. With the introduction of talking (sound) pictures in 1927, the movie industry reached new heights. The Jazz Singer was the first talkie movie.

Scopes Monkey Trial

1925 - Prosecution of Dayton, Tennessee school teacher, John Scopes, for violation of the Butler Act, a Tennessee law forbidding public schools from teaching about evolution. Former Democratic presidential candidate, William Jennings Bryan, prosecuted the case, and the famous criminal attorney, Clarence Darrow, defended Scopes. Scopes was convicted and fined $100, but the trial started a shift of public opinion away from Fundamentalism.

Harding Presidency

29th President of the United States (1921-1923). A Republican from Ohio. promised return to normality after WWI used efforts of make no enemies during his presidency. scandals affected his presidency such as the Ohio Gang that had to do with financial jobs that he offered his friends. Died into his presidency.

Bootleggers

People who made liquor for sale illeagally

Prohibition

prohibition the practice of prohibiting the manufacture, transportation, import, export, sale, and consumption of alcohol and alcoholic beverages

KKK

secret domestic militant organizations in the United States, originating in the southern states and eventually having national scope, that are best known for advocating white supremacy and acting as terrorists while hidden behind conical hats, masks and white robes. The KKK has a record of terrorism,[2] violence, and lynching to intimidate, murder, and oppress African Americans, Jews and other minorities and to intimidate and oppose Roman Catholics and labor unions.

Hoover

the 31st President of the United States (1929-1933). He easily won the Republican nomination, despite having no previous elected office experience. tried to combat the ensuing Great Depression with volunteer efforts, none of which produced economic recovery during his term.

New Roles for Women

women concentrated in "pink collar" jobs -low paying service occupations with many of the same problems as manufacturing employment -secretaries, sales clerks, and telephone operators -2 to 3 generations of college graduates -"new professional women" -most working women were nonprofessional lower-class workers -middle class women remained largely in the home or in distinctive female occupations -psychology challenged women's innate ability for motherhood -League of Women voters and women auxiliaries of Democratic and Republican parties

Speakeasies

An illegal bar where drinks were sold, during the time of prohibition. It was called a Speakeasy because people literally had to speak easy so they were not caught drinking alcohol by the police.

Coolidge

Calvin Coolidge taciturn, pro-business president (1923-1929) who took over after Harding's death, restored honesty to government, and accelerated the tax cutting and antiregulation policies of his predecessor; his laissez-faire policies brought short-term prosperity from 1923 to 1929.

Stock Market

During the 1920s, the booming stock market roped in millions of new investors, many of whom bought stock on margin. The 1920s also witnessed a larger bubble in all kinds of credit - on cars, homes, and new appliances like refrigerators. In the years after the 1929 crash, the credit-based economy fell apart.

1929 Stock Market Crash

In 1929, the stock market crashed and caused a world wide Depression. As early as March the stock market had mini-crashes, signaling something was seriously wrong. In October 1929, on Black Friday it crashed. The Thursday before 12 mil. stocks had changed hands. The full devastation was not fully realized until the following Tuesday.

Leopold and Loeb

Nathan Leopold and Richard Loeb were convicted of killing a young boy, Bobby Franks, in Chicago just to see if they could get away with it. Defended by Clarence Darrow, they got life imprisonment. Both geniuses, they had decided to commit the perfect murder. The first use of the insanity defense in court.

Sacco and Vanzetti

Nicola Sacco and Bartolomeo Vanzetti were Italian immigrants charged with murdering a guard and robbing a shoe factory in Braintree, Mass. The trial lasted from 1920-1927. Convicted on circumstantial evidence, many believed they had been framed for the crime because of their anarchist and pro-union activities.

Football

Originated in colleges &universities &like rugby at 1st; some used "ringers," tramp athletes who were not even registered as students. Amos Alonzo Stagg formed Western Conference in 1896, which est rules governing eligibility. Considered high-level violence on field; NCAA in 1910, revised rulesto make game safer &more honest

Teapot Dome Scandal

Teapot Dome Scandal. a bribery incident which took place in the United States in 1922-1923, during the administration of President Warren G. Harding. Secretary of the Interior Albert B. Fall leased Navy petroleum reserves at Teapot Dome to private oil companies, without competitive bidding, at low rates.

Music, Theater, Art

The 1920s were also known as the "Jazz Age." This was because new music (Jazz) was being played and made. Popular Jazz musicians included King Oliver, Louis Armstrong, Kid Ory, and Duke Ellington. name referring to the 1920s; a time of cultural change; generally refers to the arts such as writing, music, artwork, and architecture, American Jazz music emerges from African American church and community, becomes international, uniquely American, white America and Europe embrace 1920s Art. Replacing elaborate styles associated with Victorianism, a new artistic movement called Art Deco flourished throughout the 1920s. Art Deco style was applied not only to art but also architecture, furniture design, fashion, advertising and many other areas. Art Deco was minimalist and streamlined.

Organized Crime

The American Mafia, an Italian-American organized-crime network with operations in cities across the United States, particularly New York and Chicago, rose to power through its success in the illicit liquor trade during the 1920s Prohibition era.

Movies and radio

The first commercial radio station went on the air in 1920, but soon became mainstream. NBC and CBS were established and allowed listeners across the country to listen to the same programs: news broadcasts, sporting events, soap operas, quiz shows, and comedies. The movie industry based in Hollywood, California became big in the 1920s, and going the movies became a common past time for Americans, especially after the advent of movies with sound in 1929.

Palmer Raids

The Palmer Raids were attempts by the United States Department of Justice to arrest and deport radical leftists, especially anarchists, from the United States. The raids and arrests occurred in November 1919 and January 1920 under the leadership of Attorney General A. Mitchell Palmer. Though more than 500 foreign citizens were deported, including a number of prominent leftist leaders, Palmer's efforts were largely frustrated by officials at the U.S. Department of Labor who had responsibility for deportations and who objected to Palmer's methods. The Palmer Raids occurred in the larger context of the Red Scare, the term given to fear of and reaction against political radicals in the U.S. in the years immediately following World War I.

Margins

The purchase of an asset by paying the margin and borrowing the balance from a bank or broker. Buying on margin refers to the initial or down payment made to the broker for the asset being purchased.

Yankees

The team Babe Ruth played for. He helped developed a rising popularity for professional sports., an American Major League baseball player from 1914 to 1935. Named the greatest baseball player in history in various surveys and rankings, his home run hitting prowess and charismatic personality made him a larger than life figure in the "Roaring Twenties", aka baseball legend George Herman and "the Sultan of Swat", set records in hitting, pitching, and out-fielding that stood for decades

Harlem Renaissance

a flowering of African American culture in the 1920's when New York City's Harlem became an intellectual and cultural capital for African Americans; instilled interest in African American culture and pride in being an African American.

Fundamentalism

a movement in American Protestantism that arose in the early part of the 20th century in reaction to modernism and that stresses the infallibility of the Bible not only in matters of faith and morals but also as a literal historical record, holding as essential to Christian faith belief in such doctrines as the creation of the world, the virgin birth, physical resurrection, atonement by the sacrificial death of Christ, and the Second Coming.

Flappers

carefree young women with short, "bobbed" hair, heavy makeup, and short skirts. The flapper symbolized the new "liberated" woman of the 1920s. Many people saw the bold, boyish look and shocking behavior of flappers as a sign of changing morals. Though hardly typical of American women, the flapper image reinforced the idea that women now had more freedom.

Henry Ford-Model T

developed the mass-produced Model-T car, which sold at an affordable price. It pioneered the use of the assembly line. Also greatly increased his workers wages and instituted many modern concepts of regular work hours and job benefits.

Red Scare

erupted in the early 1920's. The American public was scared that communism would come into the US. Left-winged supporters were suspected. This fear of communism helped businessman who used it to stop labor strikes.