20.1 Viruses and Bacteria

Spirillum

A Spiral- or corkscrew-shaped prokaryote

Approximately how many viruses reslut fom the infection of one human cell?

10,000

Antibiotics

A drug that blocks the growth and reprodution of bacteria

Vaccine

A preparation of weeker or killed pathogens used dto prevent disease

Bacillus

A rod-shaped prokaryote

Prokaryote

A unicellular organism that lacks a nucleus

Bacteriophage

A virus that infects bacteria Bacteria eater

what new disease have appeared since 1980

AIDS SARS monkeypox Ebola West Nile Virus

Prion

An infectious particle made up of protein only rather than DNA or RNA

Why are B Cells so important?

B cells are responsible for memory, and remember the infection and are able to treat the virsus a second time so you wont get as sick a before

Prophage

Bacteriophage DNA that is inserted into the bacterial host's DNA

New viruses are assembled and burst out of the BLANK

Bacterium

what type of cells do dendritic cells seek out in the body's lymph

It seeks the T cell, to clone and kill the virus

Diseases caused by Protist

Malaria African sleeping sickness Intestinal diseases

Diseases caused by Fungi

Ringworm Thrush Athletes Food

Protists

Single-celled Eukaryote can effect through contaminated water and insect bites Take nutrients from the host

What happens to the viruses after they lyse the cell wall?

The new viruses escape and infect other bacteria cells

Why do interleukins increase your body tempterature?

Tricks the body to thinking it's cold

The bacterium then makes BLANK and DNA

Viral Proteins

A BLANK enters or injects its DNA into a bacterium

Virus

Pathogen

a microorganism or particle that causes a disease

Virus

a nonliving particle made up of nucleic acid, protein, and in some cases lipids that can replicate only by infecting living cells

Coccus

a sphere-shaped prokaryote

Endospore

a thick internal wall that encloses the DNA and part of the cytoplasm in a prokaryote

Retrovirus

a virus that contains RNA as it's genetic material and that copies its genetic material from RNA to DNA

Lytic infection

an infection in which a virus enters a bacterial cell, makes copies of itsled, and causes the cell to burst

Emerging diease

an unknown disease that appears for the first time or a well-known disease that is suddenly harder to control

Zoonoisis

any disease spread from animals to humans

Antigens

any foriegn (not suppose to be there) substance that can stimulate an immune response , located on outer surface bacteria , parasites, virus

bacteria

breakdown the tissues of an infected organism for food release toxins that interfere with normal functions

Vector

carries the disease but not infected by it

Fungi

cause infections on the surface of the skin, mouth and throat fingernails and toenails may spread to lungs to other organisms

why are some possible reasons for new disease emerging

caused by ongoing merging of human and animal habitats and exotic animal trade

inflammatory response

causes the infected area to turn red and painful

Diseases caused by viruses

common cold influenza chicken pox warts

Pathogens

directly destroy the cell of their host and interfere with normal functions

Passive immunity

extremely naturally produced antibodies are introduced to a persons blood

Symbionts

harmful of benefital organisms

3 ways the immune system can overreact

harmless antigens allergies asthma immune

Fever

increase body temperatues, may slow down or stop the growth of pathogens

Lysogenic infection

infection in which a virus inserts its nucleic acid into the DNA of the host cell and is duplicated along with the host cell's DNA

interferons

interfere with viral growth by slowing down the production of new viruses

why is it difficult for a person with HIV to fight other infections

its fo your immune system to fight off other infections because HIV can hide from defenses of the immune system. It also attakcs key cells within the immune system leaving inadewuate protection

Parasitic worms

may block blood flows through blood vessels or organs take up the host

Activeimmunity

may delvelope as a result of natural exposure to an antigen

What is an infectious disease?

microorgansim causes physical change that disrupt normal body functions

Viruses

not a living thing use your cells to reproduce target a certain cell

Harmless microorganims

obtanin nutrients grow and reproduce without distrubing normal body functions

two factors that explain why the % of deaths from infectious diseases dropped so drastically

public health measures help prevent disease by monitoring and regulating food and water supplies promotiing vaccinations

Disease caused by bacteria

streptococcus infections diptheria botulism anthrax

What causes the coughing symptoms during the infection ?

the debris left over from the virus

Conjugation

the process by which prokaryotes exchange genetic material

Capsid

the protein coat surronding a virus

what is the role natural killer cells

they patrol they body, spray poison to destroy virus.

Antibodies

to attach to antigens for destuctions by immune cells.

why must natural killer cells kill human cells while they fight the viral infection

to stop cells from cloning. They have to kill human cells because that where the body is

disease caused by Parasitic worms

trichinosis hookworm schistosomiasis elephantiasis

Binary Fission

type of asexual reproduction in which an proaryote replicates its DNA and divides in half, producing two identical daughter cells