210 Exam 4
Which persons are at high risk for chronic low back pain? (select all that apply) a. A 63-yr-old man who is a long-distance truck driver b. A 30-yr-old nurse who works on an orthopedic unit and smokes c. A 55-yr-old construction worker who is 6 ft, 2 in and weighs 250 lb d. A 44-yr-old female chef with prior compression fracture of the spine e. A 28-yr-old female yoga instructor who is 5 ft, 6 in and weighs 130 lb
A, B,C,D
Teach the patient with fibromyalgia the importance of limiting intake of which foods? (select all that apply) a. Sugar b. Alcohol c. Caffeine d. Red meat e. Root vegetables
A,B,C
Nursing management of the patient with acute pancreatitis includes (select all that apply) a. administering pain medication. b. checking for signs of hypocalcemia. c. providing a diet low in carbohydrates. d. giving insulin based on a sliding scale. e. monitoring for infection, particularly respiratory tract infection.
A,B,E
The children caregivers of an older patient whose death is imminent have not left the bedside for the past 36 hours. In the nurse's assessment of the family, what findings indicate the potential for an abnormal grief reaction to occur (select all that apply)? a. Family cannot express their feelings to one another. b. Dying patient is becoming more restless and agitated. c. A family member is going through a difficult divorce. d. Family talks with and reassures the patient at frequent intervals. e. Siblings who were estranged from each other have now reunited.
A,C
While performing passive range of motion for a patient, the nurse puts the elbow joint through the movements of (select all that apply) a. flexion and extension. b. inversion and eversion. c. pronation and supination. d. flexion, extension, abduction, and adduction. e. pronation, supination, rotation, and circumduction.
A,C
Which are appropriate therapies for patients with diabetes? (select all that apply) a. Use of statins to reduce CVD risk b. Use of diuretics to treat nephropathy c. Use of ACE inhibitors to treat nephropathy d. Use of serotonin agonists to decrease appetite e. Use of laser photocoagulation to treat retinopathy
A,C,E
An 80-yr-old female patient is receiving palliative care for heart failure. The primary purpose(s) of her receiving palliative care is (are) to (select all that apply) a. improve her quality of life. b. assess her coping ability with disease. c. have time to teach patient and family about disease. d. focus on reducing the severity of disease symptoms. e. provide care that the family is unwilling or unable to give.
A,D
The increased risk for falls in the older adult is likely due to (select all that apply) a. changes in balance. b. decrease in bone mass. c. loss of ligament elasticity. d. erosion of articular cartilage. e. decrease in muscle mass and strength.
A,D,C,E
You are caring for a patient with newly diagnosed type 1 diabetes. What information is essential to include in your patient teaching before discharge from the hospital? (select all that apply) a. Insulin administration b. Elimination of sugar from diet c. Need to reduce physical activity d. Use of a portable blood glucose monitor e. Hypoglycemia prevention, symptoms, and treatment
A,D,E
Which statement by the patient with type 2 diabetes is accurate? a. "I will limit my alcohol intake to 1 drink each day." b. "I am not allowed to eat any sweets because of my diabetes." c. "I cannot exercise because I take a blood glucose-lowering medication." d. "The amount of fat in my diet is not important. Only carbohydrates raise my blood sugar."
A. "I will limit my alcohol intake to 1 drink each day."
Analyze the following diagnostic findings for your patient with type 2 diabetes. Which result will need further assessment? a. A1C 9% b. BP 126/80 mmHg c. FBG 130 mg/dL (7.2 mmol/L) d. LDL cholesterol 100 mg/dL (2.6 mmol/L)
A. A1C 9%
The nurse is obtaining a health history of a patient with a fracture. Which condition poses the most concern related to the musculoskeletal system? a. Diabetes b. Hypertension c. Chronic bronchitis d. Nephrotic syndrome
A. Diabetes
A patient with a pelvic fracture should be monitored for a. changes in urine output. b. petechiae on the abdomen. c. a palpable lump in the buttock. d. sudden increase in blood pressure.
A. changes in urine output.
A patient with a torn ligament in the knee asks what the ligament does. The nurse's response is based on the knowledge that ligaments a. connect bone to bone. b. provide strength to muscle. c. lubricate joints with synovial fluid. d. relieve friction between moving parts.
A. connect bone to bone
In planning care for a patient with metastatic liver cancer, the nurse should include interventions that a. focus primarily on symptomatic and comfort measures. b. reassure the patient that chemotherapy offers a good prognosis. c. promote the patient's confidence that surgical excision of the tumor will be successful. d. provide information needed for the patient to make decisions about liver transplantation.
A. focus primarily on symptomatic and comfort measures
A patient with a humeral fracture is returning for a 4-week checkup. The nurse explains that initial evidence of healing on x-ray is indicated by a. formation of callus. b. complete bony union. c. hematoma at the fracture site. d. presence of granulation tissue.
A. formation of callus
After a hypophysectomy for acromegaly, immediate postoperative nursing care should focus on a. frequent monitoring of serum and urine osmolarity. b. parenteral administration of a GH-receptor antagonist. c. keeping the patient in a recumbent position at all times. d. patient teaching about the need for lifelong hormone therapy.
A. frequent monitoring of serum and urine osmolarity.
The nurse teaches the patient with an above-the-knee amputation that the residual limb should not be routinely elevated because this position promotes a. hip flexion contracture. b. clot formation at the incision. c. skin irritation and breakdown. d. increased risk for wound dehiscence.
A. hip flexion contracture.
To control the side effects of corticosteroid therapy, the nurse teaches the patient who is taking corticosteroids to a. increase calcium intake to 1500 mg/day. b. perform glucose monitoring for hypoglycemia. c. obtain immunizations due to high risk for infections. d. avoid abrupt position changes because of orthostatic
A. increase calcium intake to 1500 mg/day.
A patient with hepatitis A is in the acute phase. The nurse plans care for the patient based on the knowledge that a. itching is a common problem with jaundice in this phase. b. the patient is most likely to transmit the disease during this phase. c. gastrointestinal symptoms are not as severe in hepatitis A as they are in hepatitis B. d. extrahepatic manifestations of glomerulonephritis and polyarteritis are common in this phase.
A. itching is a common problem with jaundice in this phase
A patient who has had surgical correction of bilateral hallux valgus is being discharged from the same-day surgery unit. The nurse will teach the patient to a. rest frequently with the feet elevated. b. wear shoes continually except when bathing. c. soak the feet in warm water several times a day. d. expect the feet to be numb for the next few days.
A. rest frequently with the feet elevated.
A patient with osteomyelitis undergoes surgical debridement with implantation of antibiotic beads. When the patient asks why the beads are used, the nurse answers (select all that apply) a. "Oral or IV antibiotics are not effective in most cases of bone infection." b. "The beads are an adjunct to debridement and antibiotics for deep infections." c. "The beads are used to deliver antibiotics directly to the site of the infection." d. "This is the safest method to deliver long-term antibiotic therapy for bone infection." e. "Ischemia and bone death related to osteomyelitis are impenetrable to IV antibiotics."
B,C
The nurse caring for a patient with suspected acute cholecystitis would anticipate (select all that apply) a. ordering a low-sodium diet. b. administration of IV fluids. c. monitoring of liver function tests. d. administration of antiemetics for patients with nausea. e. insertion of an indwelling catheter to monitor urinary output.
B,C,D
A patient with osteoarthritis is scheduled for total hip arthroplasty. The nurse explains the purpose of this procedure is to (select all that apply) a. fuse the joint. b. replace the joint. c. prevent further damage. d. improve or maintain ROM. e. decrease the amount of destruction in the joint.
B,D
A patient with rheumatoid arthritis has articular involvement. The nurse recognizes these characteristic changes include (select all that apply) a. bamboo-shaped fingers. b. metatarsal head dislocation in feet. c. noninflammatory pain in large joints. d. asymmetric involvement of small joints. e. morning stiffness lasting 60 minutes or more
B,E
Important nursing intervention(s) when caring for a patient with Cushing syndrome include (select all that apply) a. restricting protein intake. b. monitoring blood glucose levels. c. observing for signs of hypotension. d. administering medication in equal doses. e. protecting patient from exposure to infection.
B,E
The health care provider prescribes levothyroxine for a patient with hypothyroidism. After teaching about this drug, the nurse determines that further instruction is needed when the patient says a. "I can expect the medication dose may need to be adjusted." b. "I only need to take this drug until my symptoms are improved." c. "I can expect to return to normal function with the use of this drug." d. "I will report any chest pain or difficulty breathing to the doctor right away."
B. "I only need to take this drug until my symptoms are improved."
A patient with osteosarcoma of the humerus shows understanding of his treatment options when he states a. "I accept that I have to lose my arm with surgery." b. "The chemotherapy before surgery will shrink the tumor." c. "This tumor is related to the melanoma I had 3 years ago." d. "I'm glad they can take out the cancer with such a small scar."
B. "The chemotherapy before surgery will shrink the tumor."
When administering medications to the patient with chronic gout, the nurse recognizes which drug is used as a treatment for this disease? a. Colchicine b. Allopurinol c. Sulfasalazine d. Cyclosporine
B. Allopurinol
A 67-yr-old woman was recently diagnosed with inoperable pancreatic cancer. Before the diagnosis, she was very active in her neighborhood association. Her husband is concerned because his wife is staying at home and missing her usual community activities. Which common EOL psychologic manifestation is she most likely demonstrating? a. Peacefulness b. Decreased socialization c. Decreased decision making d. Anxiety about unfinished business
B. Decreased socialization
While caring for his dying wife, the husband states that his wife is a devout Roman Catholic, but he is a Baptist. Who is considered the most reliable source for spiritual preferences concerning EOL care for the dying wife? a. A priest b. Dying wife c. Hospice staff d. Husband of dying wife
B. Dying wife
The home health nurse visits a 40-yr-old patient with metastatic breast cancer who is receiving palliative care. The patient has pain at a level of 7 (0-10 point scale). In prioritizing activities for the visit, what should the nurse do first? a. Auscultate for breath sounds. b. Give as needed pain medication. c. Check pressure points for skin breakdown. d. Ask family about patient's food and fluid intake.
B. Give as needed pain medication.
What is most important to include in the teaching plan for a patient with osteopenia? a. Lose weight. b. Stop smoking. c. Eat a high-protein diet. d. Start swimming for exercise.
B. Stop smoking.
In caring for a patient after a spinal fusion, the nurse would report which finding to the health care provider? a. The patient has a single episode of emesis. b. The patient is unable to move the lower extremities. c. The patient is nauseated and has not voided in 4 hours. d. The patient reports of pain at the bone graft donor site.
B. The patient is unable to move the lower extremities.
An abnormal assessment finding of the musculoskeletal system is a. equal leg length bilaterally. b. ulnar deviation and subluxation. c. full range of motion in all joints. d. muscle strength of 5/5 in all muscles.
B. Ulnar deviation and subluxation
Polydipsia and polyuria related to diabetes are primarily due to a. the release of ketones from cells during fat metabolism. b. fluid shifts resulting from the osmotic effect of hyperglycemia. c. damage to the kidneys from exposure to high levels of glucose. d. changes in RBCs resulting from attachment of excess glucose to hemoglobin.
B. fluid shifts resulting from the osmotic effect of hyperglycemia.
In assessing the joints of a patient with osteoarthritis, the nurse understands that Bouchard's nodes a. are often red, swollen, and tender. b. indicate osteophyte formation at the PIP joints. c. are the result of pannus formation at the DIP joints. d. occur from deterioration of cartilage by proteolytic enzymes.
B. indicate osteophyte formation at the PIP joints.
The patient with advanced cirrhosis asks why his abdomen is so swollen. The nurse's response is based on the knowledge that a. a lack of clotting factors promotes the collection of blood in the abdominal cavity. b. portal hypertension and hypoalbuminemia cause a fluid shift into the peritoneal space. c. decreased peristalsis in the GI tract contributes to gas formation and distention of the bowel. d. bile salts in the blood irritate the peritoneal membranes, causing edema and pocketing of fluid.
B. portal hypertension and hypoalbuminemia cause a fluid shift into the peritoneal space
A patient has been told that she has elevated liver enzymes caused by nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). The nursing teaching plan should include a. having genetic testing done. b. recommending a heart-healthy diet. c. the necessity to reduce weight rapidly. d. avoiding alcohol until liver enzymes return to normal.
B. recommending a heart-healthy diet.
The nurse should teach the patient with ankylosing spondylitis the importance of a. avoiding extremes in environmental temperatures b. regularly exercising and maintaining proper posture. c. maintaining patient's usual physical activity during flares. d. applying hot and cool compresses for relief of local symptoms
B. regularly exercising and maintaining proper posture.
A patient with acute hepatitis B is being discharged. The discharge teaching plan should include instructions to a. avoid alcohol for the first 3 weeks. b. use a condom during sexual intercourse. c. have family members get an injection of immunoglobulin. d. follow a low-protein, moderate-carbohydrate, moderate-fat diet.
B. use a condom during sexual intercourse.
Teaching in relation to home management after a laparoscopic cholecystectomy should include a. keeping the bandages on the puncture sites for 48 hours. b. reporting any bile-colored drainage or pus from any incision. c. using over-the-counter antiemetics if nausea and vomiting occur. d. emptying and measuring the contents of the bile bag from the T tube every day.
B.reporting any bile-colored drainage or pus from any incision.
In teaching a patient with Sjögren's syndrome about drug therapy for this disorder, the nurse includes instruction about the use of which drug? a. Pregabalin (Lyrica) b. Etanercept (Enbrel) c. Cyclosporine (Restasis) d. Cyclobenzaprine (Flexeril)
C. Cyclosporine (Restasis)
The family attorney informed a patient's adult children and wife that the patient did not have an advance directive after he suffered a serious stroke. Who is responsible for making the decision about EOL measures when the patient cannot communicate his or her specific wishes? a. Notary and attorney b. Physician and family c. Wife and adult children d. Physician and nursing staff
C. Wife and adult children
An important preoperative nursing intervention before an adrenalectomy for hyperaldosteronism is to a. monitor blood glucose levels. b. restrict fluid and sodium intake. c. administer potassium-sparing diuretics. d. advise the patient to make postural changes slowly.
C. administer potassium-sparing diuretics.
A patient is scheduled for a bone scan. The nurse explains that this diagnostic test involves a. incision or puncture of the joint capsule. b. insertion of small needles into certain muscles. c. administration of a radioisotope before the procedure. d. placement of skin electrodes to record muscle activity
C. administration of a radioisotope before the procedure.
The nurse suspects a neurovascular problem based on assessment of a. exaggerated strength with movement. b. increased redness and heat below the injury. c. decreased sensation distal to the fracture site. d. purulent drainage at the site of an open fracture.
C. decreased sensation distal to the fracture site.
A patient with a head injury develops SIADH. Manifestations the nurse would expect to find include a. hypernatremia and edema. b. muscle spasticity and hypertension. c. low urine output and hyponatremia. d. weight gain and decreased glomerular filtration rate.
C. low urine output and hyponatremia.
A patient with a comminuted fracture of the tibia is to have an open reduction with internal fixation (ORIF) of the fracture. The nurse explains that ORIF is indicated when a. the patient is unable to tolerate prolonged immobilization. b. the patient cannot tolerate the surgery for a closed reduction. c. other nonsurgical methods cannot achieve adequate alignment. d. a temporary cast would be too unstable to provide normal mobility.
C. other nonsurgical methods cannot achieve adequate alignment
A nurse has been working full-time with terminally ill patients for 3 years. He has been experiencing irritability and mixed emotions when expressing sadness since 4 of his patients died on the same day. To optimize the quality of his nursing care, he should examine his own a. full-time work schedule. b. past feelings toward death. c. patterns for dealing with grief. d. demands for involvement in patient care.
C. patterns for dealing with grief.
A patient with diabetes has a serum glucose level of 824 mg/dL (45.7 mmol/L) and is unresponsive. After assessing the patient, the nurse suspects diabetes-related ketoacidosis rather than hyperosmolar hyperglycemia syndrome based on the finding of a. polyuria. b. severe dehydration. c. rapid, deep respirations. d. decreased serum potassium.
C. rapid, deep respirations
A patient with pancreatic cancer is admitted to the hospital for evaluation of treatment options. The patient asks the nurse to explain the Whipple procedure that the surgeon has described. The explanation includes the information that a Whipple procedure involves a. creating a bypass around the obstruction caused by the tumor by joining the gallbladder to the jejunum. b. resection of the entire pancreas and the distal part of the stomach, with anastomosis of the common bile duct and the stomach into the duodenum. c. removal of part of the pancreas, part of the stomach, the duodenum, and the gallbladder, with joining of the pancreatic duct, the common bile duct, and the stomach into the jejunum. d. removal of the pancreas, the duodenum, and the spleen, and attachment of the stomach to the jejunum, which requires oral supplementation of pancreatic digestive enzymes and insulin replacement therapy.
C. removal of part of the pancreas, part of the stomach, the duodenum, and the gallbladder, with joining of the pancreatic duct, the common bile duct, and the stomach into the jejunum.
When grading muscle strength, the nurse records a score of 3/5, which indicates a. no detection of muscular contraction. b. a barely detectable flicker of contraction. c. active movement against full resistance without fatigue. d. active movement against gravity but not against resistance.
D. Active movement against gravity but not against resistance
What is the priority action for the nurse to take if the patient with type 2 diabetes reports blurred vision and irritability? a. Call the provider. b. Give insulin as ordered. c. Assess for other neurologic symptoms. d. Check the patient's blood glucose level.
D. Check the patient's blood glucose level.
For the past 5 years, Tom has repeatedly asked his mother to donate his deceased father's belongings to charity, but his mother has refused. She sits in the bedroom closet, crying and talking to her long-dead husband. What type of grief is Tom's mother experiencing? a. Adaptive grief b. Disruptive grief c. Anticipatory grief d. Prolonged grief disorder
D. Prolonged grief disorder
Which statement would be correct for a patient with type 2 diabetes who was admitted to the hospital with pneumonia? a. The patient must receive insulin therapy to prevent ketoacidosis. b. The patient has islet cell antibodies that have destroyed the pancreas's ability to make insulin. c. The patient has minimal or absent endogenous insulin secretion and requires daily insulin injections. d. The patient may have enough endogenous insulin to prevent ketosis but is at risk for hyperosmolar hyperglycemia syndrome.
D. The patient may have enough endogenous insulin to prevent ketosis but is at risk for hyperosmolar hyperglycemia syndrome.
A patient is scheduled for total ankle replacement. The nurse should tell the patient that after surgery he should avoid a. lifting heavy objects. b. sleeping on the back. c. abduction exercises of the affected ankle. d. bearing weight on the affected leg for 6 weeks.
D. bearing weight on the affected leg for 6 weeks.
After thyroid surgery, the nurse suspects damage or removal of the parathyroid glands when the patient develops a. muscle weakness and weight loss. b. hyperthermia and severe tachycardia. c. hypertension and difficulty swallowing. d. laryngospasms and tingling in the hands and feet.
D. laryngospasms and tingling in the hands and feet.
The bone cells that function in the formation of new bone tissue are called a. osteoids. b. osteocytes. c. osteoclasts. d. osteoblasts.
D. osteoblasts
A patient with a stable, closed humeral fracture has a temporary splint with bulky padding applied with an elastic bandage. The nurse notifies the provider of possible early compartment syndrome when the patient has a. increasing edema of the limb. b. muscle spasms of the lower arm. c. bounding pulse at the fracture site. d. pain when passively extending the fingers.
D. pain when passively extending the fingers.
A patient with suspected disc herniation has acute pain and muscle spasms. The nurse's responsibility is to a. encourage total bed rest for several days. b. teach principles of back strengthening exercises. c. stress the importance of straight-leg raises to decrease pain. d. promote use of cold and hot compresses and pain medication.
D. promote use of cold and hot compresses and pain medication.
In teaching a patient with systemic lupus erythematosus about the disorder, the nurse knows the pathophysiology includes a. circulating immune complexes formed from IgG autoantibodies reacting with IgG. b. an autoimmune T-cell reaction that results in destruction of the deep dermal skin layer. c. immunologic dysfunction leading to chronic inflammation in the cartilage and muscles. d. the production of a variety of autoantibodies directed against components of the cell nucleus.
D. the production of a variety of autoantibodies directed against components of the cell nucleus.
The nurse suspects an ankle sprain when a patient at the urgent care center describes a. being hit by another soccer player during a game. b. having ankle pain after sprinting around the track. c. dropping a 10-lb weight on his lower leg at the health club. d. twisting his ankle while running bases during a baseball game.
D. twisting his ankle while running bases during a baseball game.
