2.11.5 Test: Review & Nutrition Module Exam

Some groups of people, because of distinct nutritional needs, benefit most from taking a vitamin and mineral supplement. Which of the following groups could benefit from taking a vitamin and mineral supplement? (Select all that apply.)

People who regularly eat processed food and fast food, Pregnant or lactating women, Vegetarians or vegans, Children and teenagers with irregular eating habits, Dieters or people avoiding certain food groups, Senior citizens, People with eating disorders or certain medical conditions, Women of childbearing age

Dietary supplements can also interact with certain prescription drugs in ways that might cause problems. Which of the following is NOT an example of how dietary supplements interact with certain prescription drugs and cause problems?

Antioxidant supplements, like calcium and potassium, might reduce the effectiveness of some types of cancer chemotherapy.

What does FDA stand for?

Food and Drug Administration

During adolescence, you will attain about what percent of your adult height?

15%

All proteins contain a combination of ____ unique amino acids, and they are classified based on the number of amino acids in the chain.

20

During adolescence, you will again about what percent of your ideal adult weight?

50%

This period of your life, or the life cycle between the ages of 9 and 19, is known as ____________________.

adolescence

There are ten essential amino acids essential for adolescents. One of those is not required for adults. Which of the following is not required for adults?

arginine

Dietary supplements are vitamins, minerals, herbs, and many other products, and they can come in several forms. In which of the following forms can dietary supplements be found? (Select all that apply.)

capsules, powders, pills, drinks, energy bars

What are the five basic components of physical fitness?

cardio-respiratory endurance, flexibility, muscular strength, muscular endurance, body composition

Body ________________ is the relative proportion of muscle, fat, water, and other tissues in the body (which make up the total body weight).

composition

Some of the non-essential amino acids become _____________ amino acids. This happens when the body cannot produce those amino acids because of an illness or because the body does not have the enzymes needed for synthesizing those amino acids. When this happens, those amino acids must be consumed in foods.

conditional

_______________ ________________ are any of a variety of products intended to supplement the diet. They are not drugs and, therefore, are not intended to treat, diagnose, mitigate, prevent, or cure diseases.

dietary supplements

When two amino acids are joined, it is called a ____________.

dipeptide

Dietary supplements _______ require pre-market review or approval by the FDA.

do not

A(n) ____________ amino acid is one that is needed in the diet because it cannot be made in the body or cannot be made in adequate quantities for sustaining the body's needs.

essential

_______________ is the ability to move joints freely through a full and normal range of motion.

flexibility

There are ten non-essential amino acids. Which of the following is normally a non-essential amino acid? (Select all that apply.)

glutamic acid, aspartic acid, alanine, cysteine, asparagine

Athletic performance and joint and muscular function are enhanced when flexibility is improved, and increased flexibility reduces the risk of ________.

injury

Aside from a daily multi-vitamin, it's much safer to choose supplements that contain _________________________________________________.

just the single ingredient your body needs

Body composition can change without total body weight changing because muscle and fat do now weight the same or have the same mass; one pound of muscle will take up ________ space than one pound of fat.

less

____________ ____________ is the ability of the muscle to produce prolonged effort. It is increased by performing resistance training.

muscular endurance

____________ ____________ is the greatest amount of force exerted by the muscle at one time. It is increased through performing resistance training.

muscular strength

Some ingredients found in dietary supplements are added to a growing number of foods, including breakfast cereals and beverages. Because of this, you may be getting more of these ingredients than you think, and more might not be better. Taking more than you need is always more expensive and can also raise your risk of experiencing side effects. Excess iron causes/may cause which of the following? (Select three.)

nausea, vomiting, damage to the liver and other organs.

Proteins are like carbohydrates and fats (lipids) in that they contain carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. On the other hand, proteins also contain ___________ while carbohydrates and fats do not.

nitrogen

_______________ amino acids are those amino acids that do not need to be consumed in the diet because the body is capable of synthesizing (producing) them.

non-essential

More than 10 amino acids joined together is called a _______________.

polypeptide

____________ are found in every cell of the human body, and they are essential for building and maintaining the body. They are made of "chains" or building blocks, and those chains are called amino acids.

proteins

Some ingredients found in dietary supplements are added to a growing number of foods, including breakfast cereals and beverages. Because of this, you may be getting more of these ingredients than you think, and more might not be better. Taking more than you need is always more expensive and can also raise your risk of experiencing side effects. For example, getting too much vitamin A can do which of the following? (Select three.)

reduce bone strength, cause headaches and liver damage, cause birth defects

Scientific evidence shows that some dietary supplements are beneficial for overall health and for managing some health conditions.

true