22-2 Chemistry

ineffective collision

a collision that doesnt lead to the formation of products

effective collision

a collision which leads to the formation of products

is the energy the greatest where?

activated complex

reaction rate is directly related to what?

activation energy

why is the activated complex unstable?

because its energized by the particle collision therefore because of its high energy its unstable and will break up quickly

the amount of kinetic energy in one particle depends on what?

depends on the mass and velocity...the bigger or faster the particle is the greater its kinetic energy

why do reactions occur at different rates?

energy; every reaction has its own activation energy

when the reactants are higher than the products on a graph what kind reaction?

exothermic

all collisions are effective tf

false

once formed how can the activated complex break up

it can reform the orginal bonds and separate back into the reactant particles or it can form new bonds and separate into products

the collision theory helps explain what

it explains why chemical reactions proceeded through reaction mechanisms

what happens to the total amount of energy in a system?

it is conserved which means that no energy is lost, rather one form of energy is converted into another.

what is the activation energy? what hapens when particles collide with enough energy

it is the energy needed to start the reaction; when they collide then the existing bonds will be disrupted and new ones will form

what does the collision theory require?

it requires that the particles must collide in the right position and with enough energy in order to react. energy is required to break the bonds which hold the reactants together.

what does the collision theory state about energy?

it states that the energy required to break bonds among the reactant particles must come from the kinetic energy of those reactant particles.

What happens during a collision?

kinetic energy is converted into potential energy as the reactant particles are deformed, bonds are broken and atoms are re-arranged.

What did Arrhenius suggest?

particles must have a minimum amount of kinetic energy in order to react

will the sign triangle H be positive or negative if the temperature is lowered?

positive if endothermic and negative if exothermic

particles of matter have what kind of energy

potential and kintetic

collision theory

states that molecules must collide in order to reeact

potential energy

stored energy

transition state

the bried interval of bond disription and formation

what is the activation energy

the difference between the energy at the peak and the energy of the reactants

kinetic energy

the energy of motion

raising the temperature in any equilibrium results in what>

the equilibrium shifting in the direction of the endothermic reaction

what determines whether or not a collision is effective?

the orientation and the energy of the colliding particles.,for the reaction to occur the particles must be oriented in a good position that lets the bonds to break and the atoms to rearrange otherwise the colliding molecules would just bounce off each other. Sometimes the collision doesn't occur because the colliding particles need enough energy so that the bonds can be broken and reformed.

what happens during the transition state

the reactants form a short lived complex which is neither the reactant not the produc, but it has characteristics of both and is known as the activated complex

what would happen if every collision lead to a reaction?

then all chemical reactions would have rate which are a hundred times faster

what happens in the activated complex

well its the process where bonds are being made and broken

can a collision occur between more than one molecules or atoms?

yes

most chemical reactions shows how many particles on the reactants side? what is the argument

3 or more; the argument is that according to the collision theory it is unlikely that collisions will involve more than 2 partciles. Instead the reactions proceeds through elementary steps, each which involves a collision only between two particles

symbol for activation energy; what is it

Ea; it is the energy needed to achieve the transition state and form the activated complex