2.2 Reading- Chemistry
If you add H+ ions to a solution, it becomes more
acidic
An atom with a net electric charge is called a(n) _____
ion
A solution at pH 6 is more acidic than a solution at pH 7 because the concentration of H+ (protons) is _______ times higher than that in a solution at pH 7.
10
Carbon has six protons, six electrons, and six neutrons. What is its atomic mass?
12
Oxygen has eight protons, eight electrons, and eight neutrons. What is its atomic mass?
16 (protons + neutrons)
An element with seven electrons would have how many electrons in the first shell?
2
Nitrogen has five electrons in its outer shell, so it can bond with up to ______ other atoms to complete its outer shell.
3
An oxygen molecule (O2) contains a double bond, in which a total of ___ electrons are shared.
4
How many electrons are shared in a double bond?
4
The chemical formula of glucose is C6H12O6. How many oxygen atoms are in one molecule of glucose?
6
Nitrogen contains seven protons, seven neutrons, and seven electrons. What is its atomic number?
7
In the element chlorine, the second shell is full when it contains _____ electrons.
8
Which of the following solutions contains the highest concentration of protons? Multiple choice question. ph5.0, 10.0, 7.0,2.0
A solution with pH 2.0
Which of the below chemical formulas represents a compound containing one carbon atom and four hydrogen atoms? Multiple choice question.
CH4
When water ionizes, it produces what ions?
OH- and H+
What is true of a polar covalent bond?
The shared electrons are closer to one nucleus than to the other.
what are true statements about a nonpolar covalent bond?
The two atoms have similar electronegativity values; Electrons are shared equally between the two atoms.
Select all of the following that describe hydrophobic molecules.
They contain many nonpolar covalent bonds; They are relatively insoluble in water
The fundamental unit of matter is the
atom
Which of the following describes the smallest functional unit of matter? Multiple choice question.
atoms
Matter is composed of functional units called _____ , two or more of which bonded together form a(n) ______ .
atoms; molecule
Electronegativity is the ability of an atom to .....
attract electrons
An ionic bond forms when a positively charged ion, called a(n) _____ , interacts with a negatively charged ion, called a(n) _______ .
cation; anion
NaCl is considered a(n) _______ because it is a molecule composed of two atoms of different elements bonded together.
compound
The amount of solute (in grams) dissolved in a given volume of solution is the solution's ____
concentration
Atoms share a pair of electrons when they form a(n) _____ bond.
covalent or nonpolar covalent
If an atom gains or loses a(n) ______, it acquires a net electrical charge and becomes an ion.
electron
What is a likely predictor of how many covalent bonds an atom can form?
electron configuration in the outermost shell
What determines whether a covalent bond is polar or nonpolar?
electronegativity of the atoms involved in the bond
the stability of atoms is greatest when their outer shells are filled with
electrons
Each specific type of atom is called a(n) _____
element
True or false: Electrons are found in the atom's nucleus.
false
When two water molecules are near each other, a hydrogen bond will form between the ______ and _____atoms of neighboring water molecule
hydrogen; oxygen
Within an atom's structure, electrons can be found ....
in cloud-like orbitals
An atom that has a net electric charge due to the gain or loss of electrons is called a(n) ____
ion
What type of bond forms when a cation with a positive charge interacts with an anion carrying a negative charge?
ionic
When a cation binds to an anion, a(n) ______ bond forms.
ionic
A covalent bond is one in which a pair of electrons....
is shared between two atoms
What term describes two or more atoms that are bonded together?
molecule
N2, O2 and H2 all bear the proper name of _____
molecules
Which two particles are the primary determinants of an element's atomic mass?
neutrons, protons
What are the three subatomic particles?
neutrons, protons, electrons
________ molecules are structures that mainly contain nonpolar bonds.
nonpolar
an element is made up of ___ type(s) of atom
one
How many types of atoms can be found in a single element?
only one
Which of the following is a chemical element? Multiple select question.
oxygen; N
In a water molecule (H2O), the _____ atom has a partial negative charge, and the _______ atom has a partial positive charge.
oxygen; hydrogen
The ______ of a solution is the negative base 10 logarithm of the H+ concentration of the solution.
pH
Polar molecules are composed predominantly of what type of covalent bonds?
polar
In a water molecule (H2O), each hydrogen atom has a partial ____ charge, and the oxygen atom has a partial _____ charge
positive; negative
Pure water can ionize into
positively charged protons (H+) and negatively charged hydroxide (OH-) ions.
In the conversion of methane and oxygen to carbon dioxide and water, carbon dioxide is a(n) _____
product
What type of subatomic particle occurs in each different element in a unique number and is therefore used to identify specific elements?
proton
what comprises the atom's nucleus?
protons and neutrons; electrons are in orbitals
Atoms of different chemical elements can be differentiated based on the number of ____
protons in the nucleus
Atoms contain three types of particles, positively charged ____ , negatively charged ______ , and uncharged _____ .
protons; electrons; neutrons
an element is defined as a(n) _____ substance
pure
When methane and oxygen are converted to carbon dioxide and water, oxygen is a(n) ____
reactant
The concentration of a liquid is defined as the amount of ______ dissolved in a unit volume of solution.
solute
The concentration of a liquid is defined as the amount of ______ dissolved in a unit volume of solution. Multiple choice question.
solute
Substances dissolved in liquid are known as
solutes
_______ dissolved in a(n) ______ form a solution
solutes; solvent
Solutes dissolved in a solvent form a(n) ______
solution
A liquid that can dissolve substances is known as a(n)
solvent
An atom's atomic number represents
the number of protons
Which of the following statements describe hydrophilic molecules?
they are soluble in water
