27 week exam review
What Anglo-Saxon king first identified himself as "English"?
Alfred
Which Anglo-Saxon king stopped the Viking invasion of England at the Battle of Edington in 878 AD?
Alfred
What social problems did Rome suffer from during its period of decline?
Apathy, Widespread immorality, lack of quality leadership, decline in population
Which religious order believed that free time was the enemy of the soul, thus every waking hour was filled with labor, prayer, and meditation?
Benedictines
The period of cultural and intellectual revival begun by Charlemagne is called the:
Carolingian Renaissance
During the Post-Roman Period, Britain was attacked by which people groups? (choose all that apply)
Celts, Saxons, Vikings, and Angles
Alfred "the Great" mimicked which major medieval ruler?
Charlemagne
Which medieval emperor ruled much of Western Europe from 768 to 814?
Charlemagne
Who weakened the kingdom of the Franks by fighting amongst themselves in a devastating civil war?
Charlemagne's grandsons
By 500 AD, the title of pope, or "Father-Protector," had been adopted, and the church proclaimed the pope to be what?
Christ's substitute on earth
What was the common bond that Clovis found to unify the Franks?
Christianity
Where did the Roman people go to watch gladiator matches?
Colosseum
The emperor who established Byzantium as the new capital of Rome had it renamed to what?
Constantinople
Which is the least acceptable term for the period of time in Europe following the fall of Rome?
Dark Ages
On what date was Charlemagne crowned "Charles Augustus"?
December 25, 800 AD
When was the first written constitution of Japan written?
During the Age of Reform
Based on the lesson, who is considered to be the first king of England?
Ecgbehrt
___________was very important to the Frankish King Charlemagne, and he ordered churches and monasteries to start ________.
Education, schools
In an effort to protect as many as possible from the horror of war, the pope threatened the rulers and warriors of Europe with ____________ if they harmed the innocent.
Excommunication
During the Middle Ages, an oath of loyalty taken by an individual to serve a lord or king was known as an oath of _____.
Fealty
The______ ______was a graceful stone arm that leaned against the outside wall to help support the weight of the roof.
Flying buttress
Which Germanic tribe established a strong presence in western Europe after the fall of Rome?
Franks
What two Italian cities became wealthy and powerful through their monopolistic hold on maritime trading? (Choose 2.)
Genoa and Venice
Korea's first kingdom was conquered by which Chinese dynasty?
Han Dynasty
Which of the following is true of Charlemagne's reign? (Choose all that apply.)
He established procedures and positions that assured his power and authority. He protected Pope Leo III from the people of Rome. He expanded his kingdom into the largest empire since the Romans.
Which of the following is NOT true regarding Charlemagne's dedication to education?
He set up a palace school intended only for the use of his children.
Select all of the following that describe Pope Gregory the Great.
He was completely incorruptible and emphasized the importance of the Church in the daily life of the people and helping the poor. Gregory walked away from his successful career and became a monk, believing that it was one of the greatest callings in life. He wrote many great theological pieces and composed much of the Church's liturgical chant, which eventually became known as the "Gregorian chant."
Why was Charlemagne unable to firmly establish his empire?
He wasn't able to stabilize the economy.
Which group of mounted warriors from Asia made it all the way to the gates of Rome before being stopped by the Bishop of Rome?
Huns
Which of the following Roman numerals represents the number 3?
III
Prior to the use of maritime routes to India, many traders used coastal, land routes to trade with India. What was the one thing these traders helped to spread that still has a major impact in these regions today?
Islam
Which statement best describes the Russian Orthodox Church during the spread of Islam? (Choose all that may apply.)
Islam blocked the Eastern Orthodox Church from spreading. Eastern Orthodox could only spread north and northwest. Christianity bonded Russia as a nation.
Why would Charlemagne have been upset about being crowned by Pope Leo III?
It implied that the pope could make and unmake kings since he was God's representative on earth.
How did the Treaty of Verdun affect Charlemagne's empire?
It split it three ways.
Which German tribes pushed the Romans out and conquered Britain? (Choose all that may apply.)
Jutes, Angles, Saxons
What is the name of the king whose conversion to Christianity was significant in the overall conversion of the Viking people to Christianity?
King Harold Bluetooth
Otto the Great of Germany defeated the Magyars, halting their advance into Europe in 955 at the Battle of
Lechfeld
The Vikings' success in raiding Europe was largely due to their unique vessels. Their _______ became a constant symbol of the Vikings.
Longships
According to the lesson, in the ninth century, Europe was being attacked from all directions. What people group was invading from the east?
Magyars
Which group of invaders were descendants of the Huns, fought on horseback, and invaded Europe from the east?
Magyars
During the Carolingian Renaissance, what was created out of the educational reforms, which unified Western Europe?
Medieval Latin
The Viking homeland of Scandinavia consisted of what modern-day countries?
Norway, Sweden, Denmark
During the early Middle Ages, when Christian missionaries took the saving knowledge of Jesus Christ to the German tribes that had overthrown the Western Roman Empire, how did the German tribes react?
Over time, many abandoned their old pagan religions and adopted Christianity.
Architecture and building projects were flourishing during the Carolingian Renaissance. What building, which still stands today, is an excellent example of Carolingian architecture?
Palatine Chapel
The Donation of Pepin refers to:
Papal States
In 845, the Vikings were able to sail up the Seine River and capture the city of
Paris
According to the lesson, after the Vikings' sacking of Paris, they began to accept from countries and communities instead of raiding and looting for wealth and treasure.
Payoffs
Who established the Carolingian Dynasty?
Pepin the Short
How did the relationship between the Carolingians and the Roman Catholic Church begin?
Pepin the Short defeated the Lombards, rescuing Rome and the pope.
The _______ is the raised platform the building sits on.
Podium
Who led the eastern invaders over the Carpathian Mountains and into the Carpathian basin?
Prince Arpad
What military problems did Rome suffer from?
Roman soldiers placed their loyalty in their generals, who promised them land and wealth, rather than the state.
The _________ style of architecture emphasized rounded arches, thick walls, domed roofs, and only a few small windows.
Romanesque
Prior to the ______ conquering Britain in the first century AD, little is known about the native people.
Romans
The Donation of Pepin refers to:
The Papal States
A commoner promising to serve a lord and in exchange, the commoner receives protection and land from the lord, is an example of
The feudal system
Because the local lords could provide better protection against swift Viking and Magyar raids than a distant king, power shifted away from _________ to _______ during much of the Middle Ages.
The monarchy, the nobility
Which of the following describes a contribution of the monastic orders during the Middle Ages?
They preserved the Bible during the Middle Ages by copying it by hand, They preserved great works of poetry and literature during the Middle Ages, and They established schools, and universities, and helped the sick
Why did powerful nobles and kings donate lands and money to the Catholic Church during the Middle Ages?
They thought that by contributing, their souls would we prayed for and they would spend less time in purgatory.
What was signed by the grandsons of Charlemagne in 843 AD?
Treaty of Verdun
Who did the Franks become vulnerable to, because of civil war?
Viking and Magyar raids
As Europe came under attack from multiple invading groups during the Middle Ages, which group launched the most devastating attacks across the continent?
Vikings
On June 8, 793, savage raiders from Denmark, also known as ______ _, landed upon the coast of England and laid waste to the peace and tranquility of Britain.
Vikings
Who are the "Twelvers"?
a group of Muslims awaiting for Al-Muntazar to convert the world to Islam
The Chanson de Roland is: (Choose all that apply.)
a poem that tells the story of the death of Charlemagne's relative one of the first pieces of French literature
What material was used to make arrows for the Samurai?
bamboo
Why was Rome's economy weakening and in decline by 300 AD? (Choose all that may apply.)
high debt and severe inflation, cost of war drained the treasury, and high taxes and unemployment
One historian said that Charlemagne had two unshakeable beliefs that inspired all of his actions. What were these two beliefs? (Choose all that may apply.)
his belief that it was his duty to reunite the former western Roman Empire his belief in the Christian God
The practice of turning the first word of each page into an image is called:
illumination
Who is at the top of the feudal system?
king
Due to the preservation of many of the classical pieces of Latin literature, the first _______ were established.
libraries
As Europe fell victim to a series of invading groups during the Middle Ages, who did the commoners turn to for protection?
local nobles
Some of the clergy believed that the best way to serve God and avoid worldly temptation was to take a vow of ________ and join a religious order.
monastacism
Alfred received the moniker "the great" because:
of a military victory against the Vikings
Who were the Missi Dominici?
pairs of royal messengers who listened to complaints and ensured subjects obeyed the law
The _______ is the triangular section above the structure.
pediment
The ________ allows the structure to support a significant amount of weight, which means that a Gothic cathedral could safely soar to great heights above the town below.
pointed arch
The pope argued that only the Church possessed the power to fill vacant church positions, but the rulers within Europe argued what?
that the Church had no jurisdiction in their land
Because the medieval monastic orders followed a strict set of guidelines while copying the Bible, the modern Christian can rest assured that:
the Bible that exists today is the same that existed from the beginning.
What is the feudal system?
the exchanging of services for protection
Medieval architects purposefully wanted to overwhelm the senses, creating what sort of feeling?
the feeling as if walking into heaven for a brief moment
During the early Middle Ages, the bishop of Rome assumed control over the church in Europe as people looked to him for leadership. With the Western Roman Empire gone, who stepped in to fill the power void?
the pope, or "Father-Protector"
What is Carolingian Miniscule?
the practice of writing with lowercase letters
The commoners of Europe turned to ____________ for protection when the Vikings, Muslims, and Magyars were invading from all sides.
their local lords and nobles
The Roman Empire covered ___ continents
three
The Treaty of Verdun divided the once-powerful kingdom of the Franks into?
three smaller kingdoms
Medieval architects purposefully designed Gothic cathedrals to do what?
to overwhelm every single sense in the body
According to the feudal system, what is the primary responsibility of a lord?
to protect his vassals
Match the portions of the Frankish kingdom that became individual countries:
western portion France southern portion Italy eastern portion Germany