271 Exam 3

The maternity nurse is providing instructions to a new mother regarding the psychosocial development of the newborn infant. Using Erikson's psychosocial development theory, the nurse instructs the mother to take which measure? 1. Allow the newborn infant to signal a need. 2. Anticipate all needs of the newborn infant. 3. Attend to the newborn infant immediately when crying. 4. Avoid the newborn infant during the first 10 minutes of crying.

1. Allow the newborn infant to signal a need.

The nurse notes that a 6-year-old child does not recognize that objects exist even when the objects are outside of the visual field. Based on this observation, which action should the nurse take? 1. Report the observation to the health care provider. 2. Move the objects in the child's direct field of vision. 3. Teach the child how to visually scan the environment. 4. Provide additional lighting for the child during play activities.

1. Report the observation to the health care provider.

A parent of a 3-year-old tells a clinic nurse that the child is rebelling constantly and having temper tantrums. Using Erikson's psychosocial development theory, which instructions should the nurse provide to the parent? Select all that apply. 1. Set limits on the child's behavior. 2. Ignore the child when this behavior occurs. 3. Allow the behavior, because this is normal at this age period. 4. Provide a simple explanation of why the behavior is unacceptable. 5. Punish the child every time the child says "no" to change the behavior.

1. Set limits on the child's behavior. 4. Provide a simple explanation of why the behavior is unacceptable.

The nurse is describing Piaget's cognitive developmental theory to pediatric nursing staff. The nurse should tell that staff that which child behavior is characteristic of the formal operations stage? 1. The child has the ability to think abstractly. 2. The child begins to understand the environment. 3. The child is able to classify, order, and sort facts. 4. The child learns to think in terms of past, present, and future.

1. The child has the ability to think abstractly.

The mother of an 8-year-old child tells the clinic nurse that she is concerned about the child because the child seems to be more attentive to friends than anything else. Using Erikson's psychosocial development theory, the nurse should make which response? 1. "You need to be concerned." 2. "You need to monitor the child's behavior closely." 3. "At this age, the child is developing his own personality." 4. "You need to provide more praise to the child to stop this behavior."

3. "At this age, the child is developing his own personality."

The clinic nurse is preparing to explain the concepts of Kohlberg's theory of moral development with a parent. The nurse should tell the parent that which factor motivates good and bad actions for the child at the preconventional level? 1. Peer pressure 2. Social pressure 3. Parents' behavior 4. Punishment and reward

4. punishment and reward

Play is children's work, even in the hospital. Which of the following are functions of play? Select all that apply. a. Provides diversion and brings about relaxation b. Keeps the child occupied and directs concerns away from himself or herself c. Helps the child feel more secure in a strange environment d. Lessens the stress of separation and the feeling of homesickness e. Provides a means for release of tension and expression of feelings f. Allows the parents to have a break from the unit for a respite period

a c d e

The type of play in which infants engage is called: a. Solitary b. Parallel c. Associative d. Cooperative

a. Solitary

In relation to developmental milestones, the infant can be expected to roll over from back to abdomen at approximately: a. 2 months old b. 4 months old c. 6 months old d. 8 months old

c. 6 months old

A nurse looks over her assignment for the day that includes an infant, a preschool-age child, a third-grader, and a sophomore in high school. Which techniques take into consideration developmental stages when working with pediatric patients? a. Being aware that infants will become agitated due to stranger anxiety around 4 months old b. When a preschooler is getting blood drawn, giving a detailed explanation will be helpful c. Explaining and demonstrating what the BP machine does to the third-grader before taking her blood pressure d. Using a single consistent approach with the adolescent will help allay anger and hostility

c. Explaining and demonstrating what the BP machine does to the third-grader before taking her blood pressure

Separation anxiety is something that affects children when they are hospitalized. Each developmental stage has a somewhat different reaction as they deal with this difficulty. Which stage corresponds to the adolescent stage? a. May demonstrate separation anxiety by refusing to eat, experiencing difficulty in sleeping, crying quietly for their parents, continually asking when the parents will visit, or withdrawing from others. b. Separation anxiety comes in stages: protest, despair, and detachment. c. Loss of peer group contact may pose a severe emotional threat because of loss of group status, inability to exert group control or leadership, and loss of group acceptance. d. May need and desire parental guidance or support from other adult figures but may be unable or unwilling to ask for it.

c. Loss of peer group contact may pose a severe emotional threat because of loss of group status, inability to exert group control or leadership, and loss of group acceptance.

An important milestone in the infant's life is the development of object permanence. This milestone is represented by which of these statements? a. The infant smiles at the mother when she talks to him. b. The infant repeatedly flexes and extends his arms and legs when the mother picks him up. c. The infant turns and looks for the mother when she walks out of his view. d. The infant cries when the mother hands him to a babysitter.

c. The infant turns and looks for the mother when she walks out of his view.

An important nutritional supplement recommended to prevent rickets in infants who are exclusively breastfeeding is: a. Vitamin A b. Fluoride c. Vitamin D d. Folic acid

c. Vitamin D