28 Chapter Biology test questions

In the process of respiration (not cellular respiration): A. Atmospheric oxygen is obtained by an organism and delivered to its cells. B. the citric acid cycle takes place in the cells. C. carbohydrates are broken down and electrons are transferred to oxygen. D. there is an accumulation of lactic acid in the tissues due to the absence of oxygen. E. All of the above.

A. Atmospheric oxygen is obtained by an organism and delivered to its cells.

The genetic disorder sickle-cell anemia develops because the hemoglobin molecule is deformed. Afflicted individuals often suffer muscle pain, even at low levels of exertion. A reasonable hypothesis for the symptoms is that the deformed hemoglobin A. Is unable to carry the amount of oxygen required for normal muscle activity. B.cannot diffuse across the red blood cell membranes to the blood plasma, causing an oxygen shortage. C. causes damage to muscle proteins as it diffuses into the muscle cell. D. damages the alveolar surfaces and decreases the total surface area available for gas exchange.

A. Is unable to carry the amount of oxygen required for normal muscle activity.

Which of the following statements about the oxygen-binding pigments in humans is INCORRECT? A. The pigments are dissolved in the plasma portion of the blood. B. The pigments significantly increase the oxygen-transporting capacity of the blood. C. The pigments consist of a protein complex containing iron. D. The pigments bind oxygen when its concentration is high and release it when the concentration is low.

A. The pigments are dissolved in the plasma portion of the blood.

Blood pressure is highest in the A. aorta. B. pulmonary artery. C. capillary bed. D. subclavian vein. E. lower vena cava.

A. aorta.

Inhaled air reaches the lungs after passing through a paired set of organs that branch off the trachea, called the A. bronchi. B. alveoli. C. bronchioles. D. pharynx.

A. bronchi.

All but which of the following can occur in the blood? A. digestion of nutrients B. oxygen transport C. transport of WBCs D. hormone transport

A. digestion of nutrients

The genetic disorder sickle-cell anemia develops because the hemoglobin molecule is deformed. Afflicted individuals often suffer muscle pain, even at low levels of exertion. A reasonable hypothesis for the symptoms is that the deformed hemoglobin A. is unable to carry the amount of oxygen required for normal muscle activity. B. Cannot diffuse across the red blood cell membranes to the blood plasma, causing an oxygen shortage. C.Causes damage to muscle proteins as it diffuses into the muscle cell. D. damages the alveolar surfaces and decreases the total surface area available for gas exchange.

A. is unable to carry the amount of oxygen required for normal muscle activity

The voice box is housed in the: A. larynx. B. nasal cavity. C. epiglottis. D. pharynx. E. trachea.

A. larynx.

In humans inhalation is powered by A. the diaphragm. B. muscles attached to the ribs. C. the lungs themselves. D. the SA node

A. the diaphragm.

What action best describes the action occurring when the rib cage lifts upward and the diaphragm moves downward? A. coughing B. inhalation C. expiration D. sneezing

B. . inhalation

Which controls the distribution of blood through the use of sphincters? A. arteries B.Arterioles C. capillaries D. venules E. veins

B. Arterioles

Which of the following statements is false? A. The systemic circuit carries oxygenated blood. B. Humans have an open circulatory system. C.The function of the heart is to generate pressure to make the blood flow through the circulatory system. D. The rate of blood flow varies throughout the circulatory system. E. Blood plasma leaves capillaries to become a part of the interstitial fluid.

B. Humans have an open circulatory system.

What action best describes the action occurring when the rib cage lifts upward and the diaphragm moves downward? A. coughing B. inhalation C. expiration D. sneezing

B. inhalation

The cluster of cells commonly referred to as the "pacemaker" is known to anatomists as the A. atrioventricular (AV) node. B. sino atrial (SA) node. C. atrium. D. ventricle.

B. sino atrial (SA) node.

In its travel through the human body, blood usually continues on from capillaries to enter A. arterioles. B. venules. C. arteries. D. veins.

B. venules.

How does an actively respiring mitochondrion gain the oxygen it needs to continue its metabolism? A. Oxygenated hemoglobin crosses the cell membrane, docks to receptors on the mitochondrion's surface, and delivers its oxygen. B. Cells have internal pigment molecules that collect the oxygen released by hemoglobin and transport it within the cytosol. C. Because it is consuming oxygen in chemical reactions the mitochondrial oxygen concentration is low; oxygen simply diffuses in. D. The mitochondrial enzymes can reprocess carbon dioxide back to molecular oxygen to maintain its metabolism.

C. Because it is consuming oxygen in chemical reactions the mitochondrial oxygen concentration is low; oxygen simply diffuses in.

Which of the following is true of the pulmonary circuit? A. blood is pumped to the digestive system. B. Oxygen-poor blood is received by the left atrium of the heart. C. The right ventricle pumps oxygen-poor blood. D. It bypasses the lungs. E. It exists only in fishes, but not in humans.

C. The right ventricle pumps oxygen-poor blood.

The receiving zone of a vertebrate heart is A. a plaque. B. the aorta. C. an atrium. D. a capillary bed. E. all of these

C. an atrium.

The last structure that air moves through before the alveoli is the A. larynx. B. glottis. C. bronchioles. D. trachea. E. pharynx.

C. bronchioles.

Food and drink are prevented from entering the respiratory passageways during swallowing by means of the A. glottis. B. pharynx. C. epiglottis. D. larynx. E. trachea.

C. epiglottis.

Which of the following is transported in greater quantities in the lymphatic system than in the blood? A. red blood cells B. wastes C. fats D. amino acids E. white blood cells

C. fats

In comparison to the air arriving in the alveoli, inhaled air has a A. higher concentration of carbon dioxide and a lower concentration of oxygen. B. higher concentration of both carbon dioxide and oxygen. C. higher concentration of oxygen and a lower concentration of carbon dioxide. D. lower concentration of both carbon dioxide and oxygen.

C. higher concentration of oxygen and a lower concentration of carbon dioxide.

Gases in the blood leave capilaries by diffusing into Question options: A. body cells. B.plasma. C. interstitial fluid. D. non-blood tissue cells. E. organs.

C. interstitial fluid.

Hemoglobin contains which element? A. chlorine B. sodium C. iron D. copper

C. iron

Which of the following has the highest blood pressure? A. right ventricle B. right atrium C. left ventricle D. left atrium E. pulmonary circulation

C. left ventricle

In the human systemic circuit, blood will pass through all but which of the following? A. liver B. limbs C. lungs D. digestive organs E. brain

C. lungs

What is the proper sequence in the flow of air in humans? A. nasal cavities, larynx, pharynx, bronchi, trachea B. nasal cavities, pharynx, bronchi, larynx, trachea C. nasal cavities, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi D. nasal cavities, larynx, pharynx, trachea, bronchi E. nasal cavities, bronchi, larynx, trachea, pharynx

C. nasal cavities, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi

Thrombocytes are another name for A. red blood cells. B.lymphocytes. C. platelets. D. eosinophils. E. neutrophils.

C. platelets.

In atherosclerosis A. the heart abnormally slows down. B. connective tissue invades capillary beds. C. the lipids in the bloodstream bind to the walls of blood vessels. D. precapillary sphincters cease to function. E. all of these

C. the lipids in the bloodstream bind to the walls of blood vessels.

A semilunar valve is located between the A. left and right atria. B. atrium and ventricle. C. ventricle and the aorta. D. right and left ventricles.

C. ventricle and the aorta.

In what way, if any, is the cardiovascular system of humans important to the process of gas exchange? A. It has no importance; gas exchange is a function of the respiratory system. B. It forms a passageway that allows air to be taken into the lungs. C. It increases the surface area available for direct gas exchange. D. It transports oxygen to cells that are not in direct contact with air.

D. It transports oxygen to cells that are not in direct contact with air.

For an animal's surface to function in the exchange of gases it must A. be thin and soft to allow diffusion. B. have a high number of blood vessels to transport gasses to and from the surface. C. be moist. D. all of these

D. all of these

The movement of both oxygen and carbon dioxide in the body is done by A. exocytosis and endocytosis. B. bulk flow. C. osmosis. D. diffusion. E. facilitated diffusion.

D. diffusion.

Most of the oxygen in the blood is transported by which protien A. plasma. B. serum. C. platelets. D. hemoglobin. E. leukocytes.

D. hemoglobin.

The human vocal cords are located in the A. glottis. B. pharynx. C. trachea. D. larynx. E. bronchus.

D. larynx.

The circulatory system moves oxygen through many locations and fluids, but its ultimate destination is the A. alveoli. B. lungs. C. cells of the body. D. mitochondrion.

D. mitochondrion.

Where is hemoglobin expected to release oxygen? A. Inside an alveolus B. near red blood cells that are undergoing cellular respiration C. at the terminal ends of bronchioles D. near body cells that are undergoing cellular respiration

D. near body cells that are undergoing cellular respiration

Which cell is used in blood clots? A. RBCs B. WBCs C. erythrocytes D. platelets E. leukocytes

D. platelets

Blood from the body is first received by the heart in the A. coronary vein. B. left atrium. C. right ventricle. D. right atrium. E. left ventricle.

D. right atrium.

Which of the following would have the smallest diameter? A. the pharynx B. the trachea C. the bronchi D. the bronchioles

D. the bronchioles

Which of the following is NOT found in an artery? A. Connective tissue B. endothelium C. smooth muscle D. valve

D. valve

Which of the following is NOT found in an artery? A.connective tissue B.endothelium C. smooth muscle D. valve

D. valve

Which of the following is NOT found inside lung tissue? A. capillaries B. alveoli C. fluids D. bronchioles E. muscle

E. muscle