2nd Semester Exam final review

A nurse is planning discharge instructions for the client with osteomyelitis. What instructions should the nurse include in the discharge teaching?

"You will receive IV antibiotics for 3 to 6 weeks."

A client is brought to the emergency department with partial-thickness and full-thickness burns on the left arm, left anterior leg, and anterior trunk. Using the Rule of Nines, what is the total body surface area that has been burned?

36%

The outer layer of the epidermis provides the most effective barrier to penetration of the skin by environmental factors. Which of the following is an example of penetration by an environmental factor?

An insect bite

The nurse is preparing a client for a surgical procedure that will allow visualization of the extent of joint damage of the knee for a client with rheumatoid arthritis and also obtain a sample of synovial fluid. What procedure will the nurse prepare the client for?

Arthroscopy

Which of the following inhibits bone resorption and promotes bone formation?

Calcitonin

Which is an indicator of neurovascular compromise?

Capillary refill of more than 3 seconds

A client tells the nurse about pain and numbness in the thumb, first finger, and second finger of the right hand. The nurse discovers that the client is employed as an auto mechanic, and that the pain is increased while working. This may indicate that the client has what health problem?

Carpel tunnel syndrome

The nurse intervenes to assist the client with fibromyalgia to cope with which symptoms?

Chronic fatigue, generalized muscle aching, and stiffness

A client sustains a fractured right humerus in an automobile accident. The arm is edematous, the client states not being able to move or feel the fingers, and the nurse does not feel a pulse. What condition should the nurse be concerned about that requires emergency measures?

Compartment syndrome

Two days after application of a cast to treat a fractured femur, the client reports severe, deep, and constant pain in the leg. What will the nurse suspect?

Compartment syndrome.

Which of the following is a term used to describe a soft tissue injury produced by a blunt force?

Contusion

Which term refers to a grating or crackling sound or sensation?

Crepitus

A public health nurse is participating in a health promotion campaign that has the goal of improving outcomes related to skin cancer in the community. What action has the most potential to achieve this goal?

Educating participants about the early signs and symptoms of skin cancer

A client is reporting pain following orthopedic surgery. Which intervention will help relieve pain?

Elevate the affected extremity and use cold applications.

A clinic nurse is caring for a client diagnosed with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The client tells the nurse that she has not been taking her medication because she usually cannot remove the childproof medication lids. How can the nurse best facilitate the client's adherence to her medication regimen?

Encourage her to have her pharmacy replace the tops with alternatives that are easier to open.

A nurse is performing the initial assessment of a client who has a recent diagnosis of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Which skin manifestation would the nurse expect to observe on inspection?

Erythematous rash

A patient sustained an open fracture of the femur 24 hours ago. While assessing the patient, the nurse observes the patient is having difficulty breathing, and oxygen saturation decreases to 88% from a previous 99%. What does the nurse understand is likely occurring with this patient?

Fat emboli

A client is brought to the ED with burns exceeding 20% of total body surface area. Which is the primary nursing intervention in the care of this client

Fluid resuscitation

A patient has a burn injury that has destroyed all of the dermis and extends into the subcutaneous tissue, involving the muscle. This type of burn injury would be documented as which of the following?

Full-thickness

A client's x-ray looks similar to the image depicted. The nurse would recognize that the client likely has a:

Hammer toe

Which factor inhibits fracture healing?

History of diabetes

When admitting a client to the hospital, what should the nurse do initially to prevent pressure injuries?

Identify if the client is at risk for the development of pressure injuries.

A clinic nurse is caring for a client with suspected gout. While describing the pathophysiology of gout to the client, what should the nurse explain?

Increased uric acid levels

The nurse would expect which of the following age-related change of the musculoskeletal system?

Loss of bone mass

Which of the following pigments influences hair color?

Melanin

The nurse teaches the client which intervention to avoid hip dislocation after replacement surgery?

Never cross the affected leg when seated

The nurse is caring for a client who may have a lice infestation. The nurse is using a bright light focused on an area of the head to confirm the presence of lice. In which manner is it easiest to differentiate nits from dandruff?

Nits are difficult to move from hair shafts.

The nurse is administering a medication to a client who is suffering from pain related to partial thickness burns. The medication will interrupt the sensation and transmission of pain stimuli. What type of receptors will this medication block?

Nociceptors

A client is undergoing diagnostic testing to determine the etiology of recent joint pain. The client asks the nurse about the difference between osteoarthritis (OA) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA). What is the best response by the nurse?

OA is considered a noninflammatory joint disease. RA is characterized by inflamed, swollen joints.

The nurse is caring for a client with an external fixator that requires pin care twice a day. The nurse observes that there is a new purulent drainage around one of the pins. What intervention should the nurse anticipate doing?

Obtaining a culture

A client is brought to the emergency department after injuring the right arm in a bicycle accident. The orthopedic surgeon tells the nurse that the client has a greenstick fracture of the arm. What does this mean?

One side of the bone is broken and the other side is bent.

Following a burn injury, the nurse determines which area is the priority for nursing assessment?

Pulmonary system

The nurse is caring for a client who experienced a crushing injury of the lower extremities. Which of the following symptoms is essential to be reported to the physician?

Pulselessness

After a fracture, during which stage or phase of bone healing is devitalized tissue removed and new bone reorganized into its former structural arrangement?

Remodeling

Which nursing intervention is essential in caring for a client with compartment syndrome?

Removing all external sources of pressure, such as clothing and jewelry

A nurse is providing discharge education to a client who is going home with a cast on his leg. What topic should the nurse emphasize in the teaching session?

Reporting signs of impaired circulation

A nurse is planning the care of a client who will require a prolonged course of skeletal traction. When planning this client's care, the nurse should prioritize interventions related to what risk nursing diagnosis?

Risk for Impaired Skin Integrity

While assessing a client who has had knee replacement surgery, the nurse notes that the client has developed a hematoma at the surgical site. The affected leg has a decreased pedal pulse. What would be the priority nursing diagnosis for this client?

Risk for Ineffective Peripheral Tissue Perfusion

A client with an exceptionally low body mass index has been admitted to the emergency department with signs and symptoms of hypothermia. The nurse should know that this client's susceptibility to heat loss is related to atrophy of what skin component?

Subcutaneous tissue

The nurse teaches the client with a high risk for osteoporosis about risk-lowering strategies, including which action?

Walk or perform weight-bearing exercises outdoors

The nurse is working at a podiatrist's office. Which assessment finding is characteristic to the acquisition of onychomycosis in women?

Wearing artificial nails

The nurse is performing a musculoskeletal assessment of a client in a nursing home who had a stroke 2 years ago and who has right-sided hemiplegia. The nurse notes that the girth of the client's right calf is 2 inches less in diameter than the left calf. The nurse attributes the decreased girth to

atrophy of right calf muscle.

A client tells the health care provider about shoulder pain that is present even without any strenuous movement. The health care provider identifies a sac filled with synovial fluid. What condition will the nurse educate the client about?

bursitis

Which is not one of the general nursing measures employed when caring for the client with a fracture?

cranial nerve assessment

Which characteristics would be expected in a "within normal limit" skin assessment? Select all that apply.

intact warm dry

The nurse is screening children for scoliosis. What nursing assessment finding is indicative of scoliosis?

lateral curvature of the spine

A client has had surgical repair of a hip injury after joint manipulation was unsuccessful. In addition to the regular postoperative assessments prescribed by policy, what assessment does the nurse complete every 30 minutes for several hours?

neurovascular

The human body has 206 bones, which are classified into four categories. Which types of bones are located in the digits?

short bones