3- Quiz 9

A. True

A high degree of mindfulness reduces uncertainty and anxiety, resulting in effective communication. A. True B. False

A. words contained in a language.

A lexicon refers to the: A. words contained in a language. B. system of rules governing word forms. C. specific meaning that encoders intend to convey. D. specific meaning that decoders interpret.

C. honorific speech

During an induction program, Ravi lets the new recruits know that all the senior associates in the company should be addressed as either "Sir" or "Ma'am" depending on their gender. In this scenario, Ravi is using _____. A. haptics B. proxemics C. honorific speech D. code frame switching

C. Code frame switching

Identify the process by which bilinguals switch between one cultural meaning system and another when switching languages. A. Cross-cultural comparison B. Counterfactual thinking C. Code frame switching D. Cognitive behavioral therapy

A. True

Language acquisition occurs in all individuals. A. True B. False

A. how language is used and understood in given social contexts.

Pragmatics refers to the system of rules governing: A. how language is used and understood in given social contexts. B. the arrangement of words. C. how words should sound in a given language. D. word forms and how words should be strung together to form meaningful utterances.

A. foreign language processing difficulties

Problems associated with learning a foreign language, such as taking more time to respond and experiencing cognitive difficulties while trying to understand information, are known as _____. A. foreign language processing difficulties B. foreign language honorific speech forms C. foreign language effects D. foreign language haptics

A. Sapir-Whorf hypothesis

The _____ suggests that speakers of different languages think differently and that they do so because of the differences in their languages. A. Sapir-Whorf hypothesis B. bow-wow theory C. Riemann hypothesis D. sedimentation hypothesis

C. system of rules governing word forms and how words should be strung together to form meaningful utterances.

The syntax and grammar of a language refer to the: A. synonyms and antonyms contained in a language. B. set of rules that govern how words should sound in the given language. C. system of rules governing word forms and how words should be strung together to form meaningful utterances. D. system of rules governing how language is used and understood in given social contexts.

B. proxemics

The use of space in interpersonal relationships is called _____. A. paralinguistic cues B. proxemics C. emblems D. morphemes

C. Through interactions with others, infants' sound production is shaped and reinforced so that certain sounds are encouraged while certain others are not.

Which of the following is an accurate statement about infants and language? A. Human infants produce different ranges of phonemes in different cultures. B. Not all human infants are born with the ability to make the same range of sounds. C. Through interactions with others, infants' sound production is shaped and reinforced so that certain sounds are encouraged while certain others are not. D. Elemental sounds of infants become associated with lexicons and gradually develop meaning.

D. Expressive cultures use louder voices with high speech rates, whereas less expressive cultures use softer voices with lower speech rates.

Which of the following is true of the factors that influence nonverbal behavior? A. Emblematic gestures are tools that are often used to convey verbal meaning using well-formed sentences. B. The use of space in interpersonal interactions is called haptics. C. The vocabulary of emblematic gestures, which are tied to words or phrases, are the same across cultures. D. Expressive cultures use louder voices with high speech rates, whereas less expressive cultures use softer voices with lower speech rates.

A. Intercultural communication

Which of the following refers to the exchange of knowledge, ideas, thoughts, concepts, and emotions among people of different cultural backgrounds? A. Intercultural communication B. Intracultural communication C. Interpersonal communication D. Cultural fit hypothesis

B. They allow for communication when speech is not allowed or wise.

Which of the following statements is true about emblematic gestures? A. They do not allow for communication across distances when voices cannot be readily heard. B. They allow for communication when speech is not allowed or wise. C. Emblematic gestures cannot stand on their own without speech. D. Emblematic gestures are used to convey verbal meaning with words.

B. Peter gives a pat on the back to Meg to show that he is impressed with her work.

Who among the following is exhibiting a nonverbal behavior? A. Christina reads the rules from a toy manual to her 7-year old son Kurt. B. Peter gives a pat on the back to Meg to show that he is impressed with her work. C. Eddie writes on a piece of paper the system of rules governing how words should be strung together and gives it to Vicky. D. Lois uses honorofic speech forms to make Clarke understand that she runs the company.

A. Cultural decoding rules

_____ are directions that people of all cultures learn from early childhood about how to decipher speech and behavior. A. Cultural decoding rules B. Cultural display rules C. Cultural attribution fallacies D. Cultural reaffirmation effects

D. Signals

_____ are observable behaviors that do not necessarily have inherent meaning, but carry messages that are encoded during communication. A. Lexicons B. Streamers C. Channels D. Signals

A. Self-other referents

_____ is the term used to define what we call ourselves and others. A. Self-other referents B. Other-directed characters C. Generalized others D. Self-pragmatic relationships

D. Channels

_____ refer to the specific sensory modalities by which signals are sent and messages are retrieved, such as sight or sound. A. Pragmatics B. Haptics C. Signals D. Channels

C. Face

_____ refers to the public appearance or image of a person. A. Mindfulness B. Lexicon C. Face D. Haptics