301 quiz study guide assignment num 4

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4. Your text provides a listing of recent job openings in the health psychology subfield. Be able to recognize the kinds of jobs befitting a health psychologist. // chapter [13] \\ Careers in Health Psychology

5. What does a school counselor do, and how does a school counselor differ from a school psychologist? // chapter [11] \\ Careers in Educational and School Psychology

4. What kinds of undergraduate courses are recommended to prepare for graduate study in school psychology? // chapter [11] \\ Careers in Educational and School Psychology

4. What kinds of I/O-related careers are available to BA degree holders? // chapter [9] \\ Careers in Industrial and Organizational Psychology

-Management // but involvement in employee selection, evaluation, and training, as well as input into organizational structure and environment, are common; According to the US Department of Labor (2014), the median salary estimate was $95,600 for all types of managers, $108,540 for sales managers, and $82,310 for administrative services managers. --Human Resources // Traditionally human resource departments managed the technical details of recruiting, hiring, promoting, firing, and compensating employees. This included completing necessary paperwork and maintaining up-to-date information about each employee. In recent years the responsibility of human resource professionals has expanded to include greater authority in decision making about personnel matters. In addition, many of these departments are now in charge of employee assessment, training, and evaluation procedures; hold a variety of titles, including benefits coordinator, personnel administrator, and human resources associate; According to the US Department of Labor (2014), the median salary estimate was $56,630 for human resources specialists, $101,490 for compensation and benefits managers, and $100,800 for human resources managers.

3. "An Insider's Perspective" section of the chapter introduces us to Dr. Russell Johnson from Michigan State University. Dr. Johnson notes that I/O psychologists enjoy flexibility with their doctoral degrees. What does he mean by this? // chapter [9] \\ Careers in Industrial and Organizational Psychology

-This degree of career flexibility provided by graduate training in I/O psychology is a luxury that does not extend to all disciplines. --A second source of flexibility is the wide range of topics available for study by I/O psychologists. // For example, social psychology research on topics like group influences (e.g., groupthink) and social relations (e.g., prejudice) are applied to the workplace by I/O psychologists. I/O psychologists also make use of cognitive psychology research on topics like learning (e.g., practice effects) and decision-making (e.g., heuristics). As a final example, developmental psychology research informs I/O psychologists about the physical and psychological changes that employees undergo as they age and transition into retirement. ---the field of I/O psychology is flexible because it draws from a broad range of perspectives, each of which contributes something unique to understanding work organizations and their employees. Helms, Jeffrey L.; Rogers, Daniel T.. Majoring in Psychology (p. 214). Wiley. Kindle Edition.

2. What kinds of undergraduate courses should you take and be highly successful in to best prepare for graduate study in a research-intensive subfield of psychology? // chapter [8] \\ Careers in Research Experiemental, Developmental, Social, Cognitive, and Biopsychology

-topics of statistics, research methods, and experimental design. --In addition, most psychology departments offer upper-level courses in the areas of cognitive, developmental, social, and biopsychology. ---Outside of psychology, students interested in these career areas should strongly consider taking courses in the natural sciences, particularly biology and chemistry. // These courses provide additional training in both the scientific process and knowledge that relates to scientific inquiries in psychology. ----Finally, additional coursework in statistics can be of great benefit.

3. What are the six functional competencies that all health psychologists who provide services to the public must possess, according to the Tempe Summit Report? // chapter [13] \\ Careers in Health Psychology

1 assessment (e.g., evaluating a person's psychological readiness for gastric bypass surgery); 2 intervention (e.g., helping an individual develop exercises that will decrease his experience of pain); 3 consultation (e.g., with other health care providers like physicians, rehabilitative specialists, dietitians); 4 research (even for practitioners); 5 supervision and training; 6 management/administration - including: a. program development and evaluation of program effectiveness (e.g., healthy lifestyle programs, smoking cessation programs); b business management of a health psychology practice (e.g., recording keeping and hiring employees).

2. According to the chapter section entitled "Focusing on the Future," what are the five future challenges to be addressed by experts in the health psychology subfield? // chapter [13] \\ Careers in Health Psychology

1 increasing the healthy lifespan of all people; 2 reducing health discrepancies based on gender, culture, and socioeconomic status; 3 providing equal access to preventive health care services; 4 applying evidence-based approaches to healthy living; 5 supporting and spearheading health care policy reform.

1. Review Box 8.1, 8.2, 8.3, and 8.4; to be able to recognize the kinds of research questions addressed by experimental, developmental, social, and cognitive psychologists, respectively. // chapter [8] \\ Careers in Research Experiemental, Developmental, Social, Cognitive, and Biopsychology PART 1

1. Review Box 9.1 to be able to recognize common topics addressed by I/O psychologists. // chapter [9] \\ Careers in Industrial and Organizational Psychology

1. Name the three broad areas of study that are encompassed by the health psychology subfield. // chapter [13] \\ Careers in Health Psychology

1. stress and coping; 2. health behaviors; 3. issues in health care.

2. What kinds of undergraduate courses are recommended to prepare for graduate study in industrial/organizational psychology? // chapter [9] \\ Careers in Industrial and Organizational Psychology

6. What kinds of graduate programs does the American Psychological Association accredit? // chapter [10] \\ Careers in Clinical Psychology and Counseling Psychology

APA accreditation •Clinical and Counseling students: Understand APA accreditation •Regarding psychology graduate programs, the American Psychological Association (APA) only accredits doctoral programs in clinical, counseling, and school psychology programs. If you are headed to a doctoral program in Clinical, Counseling, or School psychology, you should ONLY select an APA-accredited program. •You can find a list of these programs at: https://accreditation.apa.org/ •For many graduate students, APA accreditation is not applicable. Most other areas of specialization (experimental, I/O, etc.) do not require APA accreditation. Note: this does not mean that other programs are "bad", they are just not under the jurisdiction of the APA. •Also, master's programs in psychology (MA/MS) do not receive accreditation. Even clinical and counseling master's programs are NOT accredited by the APA.

5. In the "Professional Spotlight" section, your text introduces you to Dr. Kate Hays. What is Dr. Hays's area of research expertise? // chapter [12] \\ Careers in Exercise and Sport Psychology

Areas of Research: My current areas of research are the applications of sport psychology to the performing arts, the intersection of performance psychology and positive psychology, and the mental benefits of physical activity.

7. In the "Professional Spotlight" section, your text introduces you to Dr. Chris Dunkel Schetter. What is Dr. Dunkel Schetter's area of research expertise? // chapter [13] \\ Careers in Health Psychology

Areas of Research: My primary program of research is on stress processes in pregnancy. In this work, my students and I examine various aspects of prenatal maternal stress including exposure to and perceptions of stress, emotions, behaviors, and effects on preterm birth and low birth weight. We also study social relationships, race and ethnicity, and cultural factors as they modify or are associated with stress or outcomes. My current research is focused mainly on unique risk factors and mechanisms involving African American and Latina women, the role of social support and other resilience factors in pregnancy, and on preventive interventions. I am one of many Co-Principal Investigators in the Community Child Health Network, which studies the effects of stress and resilience in parents following the birth of a child on maternal allostatic load and effects on the birth and development of children of a subsequent pregnancy.

1. In what subfield of psychology do the highest wage earners of Ph.D. holders work? // Reading: The Ten Highest Paying Psychology Careers \\

Clinical Psychology and Counseling Psychology

1. Provide examples of research topic areas studied by exercise and sport psychology professionals. // chapter [12] \\ Careers in Exercise and Sport Psychology

Developing and testing new ideas is the foundation upon which exercise and sport psychology rests. It is not an overstatement to say that this subfield is founded on and grows as the result of rigorous empirical research. Given that these new developments successfully undergo review by peers in the field, the research findings can be published so that others in the field may benefit.

3. Consider the text section describing the "Core Activities" of school psychologists. What is meant by the following terms: assessment and interventions, program evaluation, and consultation? // chapter [11] \\ Careers in Educational and School Psychology

Educational and school psychologists place great value on the careful assessment and evaluation of situations before intervening. School psychologists are more likely to conduct assessments at the individual level by working with a student to evaluate the nature of her or his current academic, social, emotional, and/or physical difficulties. Because school psychologists so frequently engage in applied work, they are more likely than educational psychologists to provide direct interventions in educational settings. ++ These interventions include such activities as providing counseling to students struggling with academic, social, emotional, and family problems. Typically these problems come to the attention of school psychologists because they interfere with the student's academic performance. Other interventions include creating behavioral management plans that teachers and parents can use to help a student decrease problematic behaviors and increase desired behaviors. Interventions that occur on a larger scale include workshops and courses provided to groups of students on topics such as social skills, anger management, study habits, and coping. Program evaluation.c investigating the nature of instructional and learning programs and determining their effectiveness. The results can be used to identify and implement appropriate strategies to improve educational processes. Consultation Educational psychologists often serve in the role of consultants given their broad expertise in instructional and learning methods. Schools, businesses with education and training centers, and companies that develop educational materials, frequently seek consultation regarding their practices and products. For school psychologists, consultation often comes in the form of collaborating with other professionals regarding the well-being of a student. They consult with teachers, administrators, parents, physicians, and mental health providers about the nature of a child's difficulties and the recommended interventions. Their goal is to find effective solutions to learning and behavior problems by gathering as much information as possible and strengthening working relationships between important figures in the child's life. School psychologists also consult with educational staff to address and prevent student difficulties.

4. According to the chapter section entitled "Employment Settings," where might a neuropsychologist whose work is closely aligned to neuroscience find employment in divisions of the National Institutes of Health (NIH)? // chapter [14] \\ Careers in Neuropsychology

For those neuropsychologists even more aligned with the neurosciences, positions at research institutes also provide employment opportunities. Such positions can be found in government agencies like the National Institutes of Health (NIH; www.nih.gov). Some of the member institutes of the NIH that are of particular interest to those in the neuropsychological subfield include: National Institute on Aging: www.nia.nih.gov National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism: www.niaaa.nih.gov National Institute on Drug Abuse: www.nida.nih.gov National Institute of Mental Health: www.nimh.nih.gov National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke: www.ninds.nih.gov

4. When do exercise/sports psychologists need to be licensed? // chapter [12] \\ Careers in Exercise and Sport Psychology

In terms of state licensure, it is not typically required for researchers, educators, and policy specialists. However, those who practice (i.e., provide treatment, assessment, and diagnosis) do require licensure by the respective state board of psychology. Please see Chapter 10 for discussion of the licensure process.

6. "An Insider's Perspective" section of the chapter introduces us to Dr. Regan Gurung from University of Wisconsin - Green Bay. What are specific examples of cultural health disparities identified by Dr. Gurung? // chapter [13] \\ Careers in Health Psychology

Most behaviors that influence health - whether healthy ones such as physical activity and eating nutritionally balanced diets or unhealthy ones such as smoking or drinking excessively - depend heavily on the culture in which we grew up. Culture is not just race or ethnicity; it also includes religion, age, gender, family values, the region of the country in which a person was raised, and many other features.

2. Your text describes in great detail the "Practice" area of clinical neuropsychologists. This discussion notes that one important function of neuropsychologists is to establish a baseline of functioning for patients. How are these baselines meant to be used with regard to a patient's future? // chapter [14] \\ Careers in Neuropsychology

Neuropsychologists are also extremely helpful in establishing a baseline of functioning for patients. This baseline (i.e., where the patient started) can be used in the future to judge disease and recovery rates (i.e., how much the patient improved or did not improve).

5. Name three kinds of health-related careers available to BA degree holders, and summarize the primary job duties for each of them. // chapter [13] \\ Careers in Health Psychology

Occupational therapy assistant/aide: These individuals assist occupational therapists in the delivery of rehabilitative services to patients who have health impairments (e.g., post-stroke). They can assist patients in learning independent living skills so that they can return to the community or to lower levels of care. (O*NET, 2012d) Research assistant in health settings: These individuals assist with the protocols associated with drug trials, assist with data collection and analysis, and other supervised research activities. (O*NET, 2012b) Medical-surgical hospital support staff/health educator: These individuals assist in educational programs for the patients and public including providing families with information on support systems available in the community (e.g., diabetes support groups). (O*NET, 2012c)

3. In which kinds of settings do clinical forensic psychologists work? // chapter [15] \\ Careers in Forensic Psychology

Other settings that employ forensic psychologists include hospitals In terms of research-oriented positions, opportunities in research institutes and government agencies like the Department of Justice and the Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention are possible. Of course, the main employment setting for those interested in research is academe. For those interested in more of the training side of education, professional schools and medical schools provide opportunities. If the correctional setting (i.e., jails and prisons) is not a good fit or interesting to you, opportunities inside law enforcement agencies may be a better fit. Last but not least, some forensic psychologists are self-employed. In other words, they have their own private forensic psychology practices. Because forensic psychologists in this environment are generally free to pick and choose the types of cases they accept, the work they do is quite broad sometimes.

5. What kinds of forensic-related careers are available to BA degree holders? // chapter [15] \\ Careers in Forensic Psychology

Police or Law Enforcement Officer Correctional Officers Probation Officers and Correctional Treatment Specialists Other Positions include caseworker/case manager, program assistant, and mental health technician.

2. Consider the text section describing the "Core Activities" of clinical/counseling work. What is meant by the following terms: practice, treatment, assessment, and consultation? // chapter [10] \\ Careers in Clinical Psychology and Counseling Psychology

Practice; The term practice is typically used in reference to activities that involve providing direct services to patients. treatment services, they usually conduct psychotherapy or counseling sessions with individuals, couples, families, or groups. Assessment is also a core part of clinical and counseling psychologists' practice. Assessment refers to any type of formal evaluation of a patient, typically through the use of standardized tests and interview techniques. Consultation involves offering opinions and recommendations on the basis of one's expertise. ++ most often provide consultation to fellow mental health professionals regarding the treatment or assessment of a patient. This is a vital part of their professional work because it allows professionals to combine their expertise in the service of providing the best care.

2. In what career field related to psychology do practitioners need to graduate from medical school? // Reading: The Ten Highest Paying Psychology Careers \\

Psychiatrist

5. What kinds of neuropsychology-related careers are available to BA degree holders? // chapter [14] \\ Careers in Neuropsychology

Social Science Research Assistants Occupational Therapist Aides Rehabilitation Counselors Health Educators

3. Summarize the major differences between clinical and counseling psychology. // chapter [10] \\ Careers in Clinical Psychology and Counseling Psychology PART 1

The Society of Clinical Psychology defines clinical psychology as integrating theory, science, and practice in an effort to "understand, predict, and alleviate maladjustment, disability, and discomfort" and to "promote human adaptation, adjustment, and personal development" The Society of Counseling Psychology defines counseling psychology as integrating theory, science, and practice in an effort to help people "improve their well-being, alleviate distress and maladjustment, resolve crises, and increase their ability to function better in their lives" Clinical psychologists tend to concentrate on understanding psychological symptoms, distress, and disorders, with the goal of developing and providing interventions that treat these conditions. Counseling psychologists tend to concentrate on understanding human adjustment with the goal of developing and providing interventions that return patients to their normal functioning and promote growth.

4. What do forensic psychologists who work as trial consultants do? // chapter [15] \\ Careers in Forensic Psychology

Trial consultants can help with jury selection as well as case theme development and strategies. For example, trial consultants can conduct a survey of the community (i.e., potential jurors) to learn what type of juror is likely to be more favorable to their side (e.g., more or less likely to convict). Based on the results of the survey, attorneys can make decisions about who they would like to have as jurors during the voir dire process (i.e., the examination to determine the suitability of a potential juror). Due to the nature of this work, trial consultants are methodologically sophisticated (i.e., they have excellent skills in research methods and applied statistics).

2. Recognize the various kinds of civil and criminal forensic psychology assessments. // chapter [15] \\ Careers in Forensic Psychology

The assessments that forensic psychologists provide are divided into the two broad areas noted earlier, civil and criminal forensic psychology areas. Here are some common types of assessments in the two areas: Civil forensic psychological assessment: Child custody: These assessments assist the court in determining the best living arrangements for a child. Guardianship: These assessments assist the court in determining if a person can care for himself/herself or if the person needs someone to help with providing the care. Competency to make treatment decisions: These assessments help the court determine if a person is capable of making sound treatment decisions (e.g., accepting/refusing psychoactive medications). Personal injury evaluations: These evaluations help determine if an injury (e.g., depression, brain injury) is due to another's negligence (e.g., auto accident) or if it is pre-existing. Criminal forensic psychological assessment: Competency to stand trial/competency to be adjudicated: These assessments help the court determine if a defendant is able to understand the charges, understand the legal issues and procedures in the case, understand the dispositions and penalties possible, etc. (Dusky v. United States, 1960). Competency to waive Miranda rights: These evaluations help the court determine if a person knowingly, intelligently, and voluntarily waived the right to silence and assistance of an attorney (Miranda v. Arizona, 1966). Transfer evaluations: These evaluations assist the court in determining if a juvenile should remain in the juvenile court system for treatment and rehabilitation or if he/she should be transferred to the adult court system. Competency to be sentenced and executed: These assist the court in determining if a person understands what is being done to them and why. Violence risk assessment: These assessments assist the court, parole boards, schools, and other entities in determining the risk of violence of an individual given certain circumstances and contexts (e.g., inpatient vs. outpatient; community placement vs. incarcerated).

1. What are the four main ways that forensic psychologists contribute to the discipline of psychology? // chapter [15] \\ Careers in Forensic Psychology

The four main ways are research, public policy development and analysis, education, and clinical practice.

2. According to the chapter section entitled "Work Schedule," how do your text authors characterize the nature of a faculty member's work schedule in academe? // chapter [16] \\ Careers in Academe

The important piece to take away from the flexibility is that in order to be successful in a career in academe, a person has to be a self-starter and self-motivated. On this same note, it is important to point out that the career in academe is not really a job or a career but rather a lifestyle.

2. Consider the text section describing the "Core Activities" of exercise and sport psychology practitioners. This section identifies SIX types of services provided by these professionals. What is meant by each of the six types: assessment, treatment, consultation, research, program development, and policy development? // chapter [12] \\ Careers in Exercise and Sport Psychology

The types of services provided by exercise and sport psychology practitioners, along with an example of each service, include: assessment: e.g., evaluating athletes for healthy coping strategies; assessing a potential player's emotional stability relative to the level of performance required (moving from the amateur to the professional level); treatment: e.g., treating children involved in dance/ballet for eating disorders; treating performance anxiety; consultation with teams and coaches: e.g., consulting with a coach on effective strategies for dealing with a problem player or the loss of a player due to a team trade; research (even for practitioners): e.g., evaluating the effectiveness of a stress reduction program for gymnasts; program development: e.g., developing an appropriate exercise program for individuals over the age of 65 who attend a senior community center; developing a program to address inappropriate parental involvement at children's sporting events; policy development, analysis, and implementation: e.g., assisting high school athletic associations in developing policies on student-athlete gambling and doping.

3. Name at least four kinds of research-related careers available to BA degree holders, and provide the median annual salaries for each. // chapter [8] \\ Careers in Research Experiemental, Developmental, Social, Cognitive, and Biopsychology

Working in Research-Related Areas with a Bachelor's Degree // level of autonomy and control they will have over the research they conduct will be limited; bachelor's degree in psychology can be thought of as either a liberal arts or preprofessional degree. -Research Assistant or Lab Technician // research assistants often are responsible for the day-to-day maintenance and upkeep of laboratory space and equipment; In addition, many have data entry and database management duties; If they have relevant experience, research assistants might be involved in data collection through conducting interviews, administering questionnaires, taking measurements, or obtaining specimens; According to the US Department of Labor (2014), the median salary estimate was $38,310 for research assistants in the social sciences and $44,200 for technicians in the life, physical, and social sciences. --Data Entry and Analysis // The job duties often entail working with research or analyst teams to compile and examine data in order to answer questions that are essential to the successful functioning of the organization; Positions as analysts sometimes require experience and/or expertise in a specific area (e.g., accounting for budget analysts, computing technology for database analysts). According to the US Department of Labor (2014), the median salary estimate was $28,470 for data entry keyers and $60,800 for market research analysts. ---Advertising and Sales // With a bachelor's degree, these positions are likely to be in the areas of account representatives, managers, and direct sales. According to the US Department of Labor (2014), the median salary estimate was $45,830 for advertising sales agents, $37,200 for retail sales supervisors, and $39,800 for real estate sales agents. ----Teacher // Although undergraduate psychology programs do not equip students with the background and skills necessary to earn a teaching certification, many public school districts allow individuals to begin teaching while they work to complete their certification. According to the US Department of Labor (2014), the median salary estimate was $19,600 for childcare workers and $53,590 for elementary school teachers.

4. "An Insider's Perspective" section of the chapter introduces us to Dr. Marie Balaban from Eastern Oregon University. According to Dr. Balaban, what kinds of skills are you likely to obtain as an undergraduate research assistant? // chapter [8] \\ Careers in Research Experiemental, Developmental, Social, Cognitive, and Biopsychology

You'll also gain expertise in some of the following skills: using library databases, understanding research ethics and informed consent procedures, using software for collecting data, using spreadsheets, making graphs, using and interpreting statistical programs, and designing posters for presentations.

1. Provide examples of research topic areas studied by neuropsychologists. // chapter [14] \\ Careers in Neuropsychology

clinical neuropsychologists can apply scientific knowledge to human problems (i.e., practice), there must first be research to support/develop the application. As a result, scientific research is the foundation on which both experimental neuropsychology and clinical neuropsychology are built. Given the intradisciplinary and interdisciplinary nature of the field, it is not surprising that, in addition to the field of neuropsychology, the fields of neuroscience, cognitive psychology, rehabilitative psychology, medicine, and gerontology, among others, produce excellent research on which neuropsychological practice relies.

3. What kinds of exercise- and sport-related careers are available to BA degree holders? // chapter [12] \\ Careers in Exercise and Sport Psychology

coaching youth sports in a school setting (e.g., a local middle school) or in a community setting (e.g., the Boys and Girls Clubs); physical education teacher with a double major in psychology (This would require a teaching certificate.); research assistant in a sport and exercise psychology lab; recreational worker (e.g., within the National Park Service and state park associations); recreational/activity therapist in a hospital setting where you would plan and implement recreational activities with patients; coaching assistant in a sport or exercise program; health fitness instructor, exercise specialist, and personal trainer (To learn more about these professions and certification visit the American College of Sports Medicine at www.acsm.org.). ++ •Youth sports coach $36,330 •Athletic trainers $49,860 •Dieticians/Nutritionists $63,090 (requires certification as well as BA) •Recreational worker $30,960 •Physical education teacher $62,870 (high school)

1. According to the chapter section entitled "Settings Matter," how are faculty who work at a four-year university expected to spend their time on two of the major professorial activities of teaching and research? // chapter [16] \\ Careers in Academe

portion of a professor's time will be devoted to research activities and publishing. At 4-year colleges and less research- intensive universities, the teaching load can hover at around six to eight courses per year.

3. Name and describe the seven core professional activities of neuropsychologists. // chapter [14] \\ Careers in Neuropsychology

the seven core professional activities of neuropsychologists (along with an example of each) include: 1 assessment: e.g., assessment of memory functioning in individuals diagnosed with dementias; 2 intervention: e.g., development of rehabilitative programs for individuals who have suffered a traumatic brain injury; 3 consultation: e.g., consultation with physicians and rehabilitative specialists when neuropsychological issues are suspected; helping other professionals differentiate between a dementing process and depression; 4 supervision and training: e.g., supervision of future neuropsychologists as well as assistants and aides, supervising trainees in the administration and interpretation of neuropsychological tests; 5 research and inquiry (even for practitioners): e.g., evaluating an intervention program that a practitioner developed for use with individuals adjusting to the aftermath of a stroke or to see if interventions to improve memory functioning have helped; 6 consumer protection: e.g., ensuring patients are receiving the care necessary to address all of their respective deficits, not just medical issues; 7 professional development: e.g., continuing education to stay on top of a rapidly (almost daily) changing field, learning new assessment and intervention tools.

2. What are the requirements to work as a school psychologist in the State of California? // chapter [11] \\ Careers in Educational and School Psychology

•Interested in being a School Psychologist in California? •In addition to the Specialist-level degree, you will need the following: •Certification/licensure must also be obtained in order to practice as a school psychologist. Graduates must take the School Psychologist Praxis Test to obtain certification for practice in the schools. •At this time, California requires you meet all the requirements to earn your PPS (Pupil Personnel Services) Credential. The PPS Credential requirements are at: https://www.ctc.ca.gov/docs/default-source/leaflets/cl606c.pdf?sfvrsn=0

4.What are the requirements to earn licensure as a clinical psychologist in the State of California? // chapter [10] \\ Careers in Clinical Psychology and Counseling Psychology

•Interested in practicing in California? •To become a licensed psychologist in California, you need to have a doctorate degree, which can take up to 10 years to obtain. •You will also have to acquire 3,000 hours of supervised experience, 1,500 which can be pre-doctoral (during your graduate school training). •Tests: The California Board of Psychology requires you to take two exams to become licensed. These tests are the Examination for Professional Practice in Psychology (EPPP), which is required in every state, and the California Psychology Law and Ethics Examination (CPLEE), which is specific to California. •Coursework: Before getting your license, you will have to show proof of coursework in human sexuality; alcohol/chemical dependency detection and treatment; child abuse assessment; spousal or partner abuse assessment, detection and intervention strategies; and aging and long-term care. Starting in 2020, you will have to show you have completed a course in suicide prevention and intervention.

1. Describe the array of topics addressed by educational psychologists to expand our knowledge about teaching and learning. // chapter [11] \\ Careers in Educational and School Psychology PART 1

•Once again, we begin by differentiating these subfields •Educational Psychology is a research career. It is the study of human learning (this includes development, learning, motivation, assessment, and instruction) in both formal and informal learning contexts. The primary purpose of an Educational Psychology graduate program is to prepare students for careers in teaching and research at institutions of higher learning or research institutes. In other words, educational psychologists spend their careers doing educational research, most often as university professors. Educational psychologists do not have clinical duties. •TRAINING: Educational psychologists (like the other research careers) generally need a doctoral degree. •Once again, we begin by differentiating these subfields •School Psychology is a practitioner-based field and therefore the program includes practicum and internship components in order to prepare students for careers as School Psychologists. •School Psychologists do have clinical duties but often contribute to teacher training programs by teaching classes related to psychological theories of learning, classroom assessment, and developmental psychology courses. Thus, school psychologists work directly with children to help them succeed academically. •TRAINING: School psychologists generally seek what is known as a SPECIALIST degree.

3. Summarize the major differences between clinical and counseling psychology. // chapter [10] \\ Careers in Clinical Psychology and Counseling Psychology PART 2 END

•Other key differences between these subfields •Clinical psychology is the psychological specialty that provides continuing and comprehensive mental and behavioral health care for individuals and families. It is broadly inclusive of severe psychopathology and marked by comprehensiveness and integration of knowledge and skill from a broad array of disciplines. The scope of clinical psychology encompasses all ages, multiple diversities and varied systems. •TRAINING: To practice psychology independently (i.e., to treat clients), you must have a doctoral degree in clinical psychology. •Counseling psychologists are employed in a wide range of settings including college and university counseling centers, university research and teaching positions, health care settings, organizational consulting groups, and many others. •TRAINING: A Master's in counseling psychology can open the door to many career paths in the psychology and education fields.

1. Describe the array of topics addressed by educational psychologists to expand our knowledge about teaching and learning. // chapter [11] \\ Careers in Educational and School Psychology PART 2 END

•Thus, educational psychologists do not work directly with students, but school psychologists do. •School psychologists concentrate on factors that contribute to student difficulties such as adjusting to school, academic achievement, mental health, substance abuse, social relationships, and life stress. •By far, the single biggest issue that school psychologists address is students with special needs such as physical, emotional, and learning disabilities. •School psychologists assess these students and coordinate special education programs designed to assist them, often consulting with teachers and administrators about relevant issues such as managing classroom behavior and structuring school environments.

1. What percentage of all psychology doctoral degrees awarded in 2019 were in the clinical, counseling, and Marriage and Family Therapy subfields? // chapter [10] \\ Careers in Clinical Psychology and Counseling Psychology

•When most people think about psychology as a field, they think that all psychologists perform clinical work. That's not true. In fact, the majority of doctoral degree holders in psychology are NOT even trained in clinical work. Check out this data from the National Science Foundation that shows that clinical, counseling and MFT (Marriage and Family Therapy) doctorates are only 42% of all 2019 doctoral degrees awarded in psychology.

5. What kinds of career options in clinical/counseling psychology are available with master's degrees? // chapter [10] \\ Careers in Clinical Psychology and Counseling Psychology

•Working in clinical/counseling psychology with a master's degree •Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor (LPCC) or Licensed Mental Health Counselor (LMHC or MHC) •The Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor (LPCC) or Licensed Mental Health Counselor (LMHC) are two different titles for essentially the same occupation in the mental health field. These usually require a minimum of a Master's degree in Counseling along with post graduate supervised experience. •LPCCs and LMHCs work in a collaborative approach with the patient to determine the best way for the counseling sessions to provide preferred outcomes. •Working in clinical/counseling psychology with a master's degree •Remember how we described psychology as a pre-professional degree? A Psychology BA is also a great stepping stone to a master's degree in other fields related to psychology that also have a clinical/counseling focus. A popular one is: •Occupational Therapy (OT) •Occupational therapists help people across the lifespan participate in the things they want and need to do through the therapeutic use of everyday activities. Common occupational therapy interventions include helping children with disabilities to participate fully in school and social situations, helping people recovering from injury to regain skills, and providing supports for older adults experiencing physical and cognitive changes. Check out the AOTA website which is the professional association of OTs at: https://www.aota.org/AboutAOTA.aspx •While there are BA programs in OT itself, psychology BA holders are competitive for admissions to OT Master's programs as well. For an example, check out a few California •OT Master's programs here: •https://www.csudh.edu/ot/admission/ •https://www.sjsu.edu/occupationaltherapy/Programs/entry-level_ms/index.html

6. Identify the training guidelines for clinical neuropsychologists as established by the Houston Conference Report. // chapter [14] \\ Careers in Neuropsychology

•Your text chapter explains the Houston Conference Report •This report set the training guidelines for becoming a neuropsychologist, specifically: •All neuropsychologists, research AND applied (clinical), need a doctoral degree •Clinical neuropsychologists must also have •Two years of postdoctoral training •NOTE: Postdoctoral training involves two full years of work AFTER the doctoral degree is obtained •Expert knowledge in general psychology areas (statistics, cognition, development, etc.), general clinical areas (tests and measurement, interviewing and diagnostic techniques, ethics, etc.), general brain-behavior area (neuroanatomy, neurological disorders, neuroimaging, etc.) as well as clinical neuropsychology.

301 quiz study guide assignment num 4

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