304 Practice Test
Clan and market cultures are more likely to deliver higher customer satisfaction and market share.
A conclusion from a closer examination of Figure 14.6 shows that this statement is true because the positive employee attitudes associated with clan cultures motivate employees to provide better customer service.
A group member who says ________ is performing a maintenance role.
A group member who encourages all group members to participate is performing a maintenance role. Maintenance roles foster supportive and constructive interpersonal relationships. In short, task roles keep the group on track while maintenance roles keep the group together (Table 8.2).
A ________ outlines an organization's long-term direction and the actions necessary to achieve the planned results.
A strategic plan outlines an organization's long-term direction and the actions necessary to achieve the planned results.
The sales and marketing department at your organization allows its team members to work from home on Fridays. Now the accounting department is implementing this new policy. What type of organizational change is this?
Adaptive change reintroduces a familiar practice either in a different unit or in the same unit at a different point in time. Adaptive changes are not particularly threatening to employees because they are at least somewhat familiar.
Internal Dimensions
Age Race Gender Ethnicity Physical Ability Sexual Orientation
With only five years left until his planned retirement, Edward was quite upset when he was removed from a project team comprised mostly of Millennials. It is quite possible that the Millennials were reacting to a __________ of older workers.
A stereotype is an individual's set of beliefs about the characteristics or attributes of a group. This would be classified as an age stereotype formed by the inaccurate belief that older workers are less motivated, more resistant to change, less trusting, less healthy, and more likely to have problems with work-life balance.
Which of the following is an organizational function of a group?
According to Table 8.1, implementing complex decisions is one of the organizational functions of a group.
Companies often adopt continuous improvement programs in pursuit of the _________ approach.
Companies tend to adopt continuous improvement programs in pursuit of improving their internal processes.
A(n) ________ culture encourages being adaptable, creative, and fast to respond to changes in the marketplace.
Creation of new products and services is the strategic thrust of an adhocracy culture, which is accomplished by being adaptable, creative, and fast to respond to changes in the marketplace.
_______ are the statistical measurements of populations and their qualities (such as age, race, gender, or income) over time.
Demographics are the statistical measurements of populations and their qualities (such as age, race, gender, or income) over time.
________ teams are assembled to tackle a particular problem, task, or project.
Depending on the purpose, the project team duration can vary from one meeting to many years.
Diversity refers to age, gender, and religion, but does not include personality.
Diversity pertains to the host of individual differences that make all of us unique and different from others. In fact, personality is at the center of the diversity wheel because it represents a stable set of characteristics responsible for a person's identity.
Assimilation and denial are options for action to address diversity issues in an organization; however, they are not among the preferred options.
Exclusion, denial, assimilation, suppression, isolation, and toleration are among the least preferred options for effective diversity management.
Experiencing boredom inhibits creativity
False According to experts, when we experience boredom, two areas of the brain may be busy working closely together, the executive network, which solves problems, and the so-called default network, which takes over when your brain isn't involved with something external. The result is enhanced creativity.
A closed system depends on constant interaction with its environment for survival.
False An open system depends on constant interaction with the environment for survival.
Humble leaders display all of the following key qualities valued by employees except
Humble leaders tend to display five key qualities valued by employees: high self-awareness, openness to feedback, appreciation of others, low self-focus, and appreciation of the greater good.
In a horizontal structure, workgroups are created to improve collaboration and work on common products.
In a horizontal structure, teams or workgroups, either temporary or permanent, are created to improve collaboration and work on common projects.
The organizational dimensions of diversity include all of the following except
Income is classified under external dimensions of diversity.
Which of the following statements about innovation is true?
Innovations frequently occur because an organization or an individual simply wants to make money.
Two general functions of mentoring
Kram identified two general functions—career and psychosocial—of the mentoring process.
Mechanistic organizations are rigid bureaucracies with strict rules, narrowly defined tasks, and top-down communication, and generally have a horizontal or hollow structure.
Mechanistic organizations are rigid bureaucracies with strict rules, narrowly defined tasks, and top-down communication. A mechanistic organization generally would have one of the traditional organization designs: functional, divisional, and/or matrix.
Members of both groups and teams have tasks and responsibilities that are independent from each other.
Members of groups have tasks and responsibilities that are independent from each other, while members of teams have tasks and responsibilities that are interdependent.
Recognizing progress, not just outcomes, is approach that should be used to overcome resistance because
One of the six strategies in the contingency approach to overcoming resistance is to recognize progress, not just outcomes. Many, if not most organizational changes, occur over long periods of time, which means changes will include multiple steps along the way. Observe and recognize people for their efforts, and don't wait for ultimate performance outcomes.
Center Layer of Diversity
Personality
If there is a lot of negativity in the organization, exercise mindfulness and identify and reflect on the positive elements of the change.
Positivity is one of the contingency approach strategies to overcoming resistance to change.
Manuel works for ABC Corporation. He feels quite comfortable expressing his opinions about a wide variety of issues facing the company without fear of reprisal. This reflects ABC's
Psychological safety reflects the extent to which people feel safe to express their ideas and beliefs without fear of negative consequences.
________ change is the most complex, costly, and uncertain of changes.
Radically innovative
External Dimensions
Religion Marital Status Parental Status Work Experience Appearance Educational Background Geographic Location Personal Habits Recreational Habits Income
Which of the following mechanisms for changing organizational culture addresses all three levels of culture?
Table 14.1 indicates that the stories, legends, or myths about key people and events mechanism addresses all three levels of culture.
Managers should use the goal accomplishment approach to measuring effectiveness when organizational performance is strongly influenced by specific processes.
The internal processes approach is appropriate when organizational performance is strongly influenced by specific processes.
Today, we consider that the three main categories of organizational design are internal, hybrid, and external.
The three broad categories of organizational structure are traditional, horizontal, and open. See Table 15.1.
The term glass ceiling identifies an invisible but absolute barrier that prevents women from advancing to higher-level positions.
This term was coined in 1986 and various statistics support the existence of the glass ceiling.
Consideration involves leader behavior associated with creating mutual respect or trust and focuses on a concern for group members' needs and desires.
True
An "Employee of the Month" parking space by the front door of a business would be considered a corporate artifact.
True Organizational examples of artifacts include: acronyms, manner of dress, awards, myths and stories told about the organization, published lists of values, observable rituals and ceremonies, special parking spaces, and decorations.
semantic memory
a network of associated facts and concepts that make up our general knowledge of the world
Organizational Dimensions
management status seniority union affiliation division/department/unit/group work location work content field functional level/classification
fundamental attribution bias
people attribute another person's behavior to his or her personal characteristics rather than to situational factors
self-serving bias
the tendency for people to take personal credit for success but blame failure on external factors
One of the important functions of organizational culture is to create collective commitment
true -Culture shapes behaviors by facilitating collective commitment.
What are five functions of mentoring
1. sponsorship 2. exposure and visibility 3. coaching 4. protection 5. challenging assignments
Gatekeeper is a maintenance role in groups.
According to Table 8.2, gatekeeper is a maintenance role in groups. The responsibility of this role is to encourage all group members to participate.
Some organizational changes cause employees to doubt their capabilities. This is an example of which type of recipient characteristics?
Fear of failure, or self-doubt, can lead to a lack of self-confidence and erode performance, impeding personal growth and development.
Female entrepreneurs looking for funding for their start-ups have an easier time than their male counterparts in obtaining venture capital due to gender bias on the part of investors.
In actuality, female entrepreneurs have a more difficult time than their male counterparts in obtaining venture capital.
The organization's division of labor is visible in the organization chart.
In addition to showing the chain of command, the organization chart indicates extensive division of labor.
Inspirational motivation involves establishing an attractive vision, the use of emotional arguments, and exhibition of optimism and enthusiasm.
Inspirational motivation, which includes the use of charisma, involves establishing an attractive vision of the future, the use of emotional arguments, and exhibition of optimism and enthusiasm.
To reduce groupthink, someone should be given the role of devil's advocate.
Table 11.1 provides some excellent recommendations for preventing groupthink, one of which is that someone should be given the role of devil's advocate when discussing major alternatives. This person tries to uncover every conceivable negative factor.
Team ________ describes the collection of jobs, personalities, knowledge, skills, abilities, and experience levels of team members.
Team composition can and does affect team performance. Team member characteristics should fit the responsibilities of the team if the team is to be effective.
What form of diversity management is an organization adopting when it assumes that all diverse people will learn to fit in or become like the dominant group?
The basic premise behind assimilation is that all diverse people will learn to fit in or become like the dominant group.
Which of the following is not one of the career functions of mentoring
The five career functions of mentoring are sponsorship, exposure and visibility, coaching, protection and challenging assignments.
The two types of roles that are very important to effective group functioning are forming and storming.
The two types of roles are particularly important for effective group functioning are task and maintenance.
_________ are the dimensions of situational control in Fiedler's model.
There are three dimensions of situational control: leader-member relations, task structure, and position power.
___________ focuses on clarifying employees' role and task requirements and providing followers with positive and negative rewards contingent on performance.
Transactional leadership focuses on clarifying employees' role and task requirements and providing followers with positive and negative rewards contingent on performance.
When making attributions about a worker's performance, people can assign responsibility to either internal or external factors.
Behavior can be attributed either to internal factors within a person (such as ability) or to external factors within the environment (such as a difficult task).
In the encounter phase of organizational socialization,
During the encounter phase employees come to learn what the organization is really like. See Figure 14.7. employees' values, skills, and attitudes start to shift as the new recruit discovers what the organization is truly like.
During "norming," members tend to be anxious and uncertain.
During the forming stage, group members tend to be uncertain and anxious about such things as their roles, the people in charge, and the group's goals. In the norming stage, team members believe they have found their proper roles.
In which stage of the group development process are group members asking, "How can I best perform my role?"
During the performing stage, the individual issue is, "How can I best perform my role?" (see Figure 8.2).
Emotional intelligence has been shown by research to have a large, positive, and significant association with leadership effectiveness.
Emotional intelligence has a small, positive, and significant association with leadership effectiveness.
A key variable in Fiedler's model is situational control, which is composed of leader-member relations, task structure, and the leader's position power.
Fiedler believes that leaders have one dominant or natural leadership style that is resistant to change. A leader's style is described as either task-motivated or relationship-motivated
Leader behaviors are the outcome of an integrated model of leadership.
Figure 13.2 shows that the outcome of the integrated model of leadership is leadership effectiveness and leader behaviors are an input.
Which of the following is not one of the key leader behaviors that are part of transformational leadership?
Figure 13.5 provides a sketch of how transformational leaders rely on these four key leader behaviors (second column from left): inspirational motivation, idealized influence, individualized consideration, and intellectual stimulation.
In Kotter's step of creating the guiding coalition, managers
Figure 16.7 describes Kotter's Step 2, create the guiding coalition that is described as creating a team with appropriate knowledge and enough power to lead change.
When a leader is encouraging employees to question the status quo and seek innovative and creative solutions to organizational problems, he or she is engaging in
Intellectual stimulation involves behaviors that encourage employees to question the status quo and to seek innovation and creative solutions to organizational problems.
One of the employee characteristics in House's path-goal model is need for achievement.
The five important employee characteristics in the path-goal model are locus of control, task ability, need for achievement, experience, and need for clarity.
In Lewin's model, refreezing creates the motivation to change.
The focus of the unfreezing stage is to create the motivation to change.
External forces for change include demographic changes in the organization's workforce.
The four key external forces for change are demographic characteristics, technological advancements, market changes, and social and political pressures.
One of the "pros" of _________ organizations is clear roles and responsibilities.
functional
Which of the following is not an advantage of group decision making
less pressure to conform -Five advantages of group decision making are a greater pool of knowledge, different approaches to a problem, greater commitment to a decision, better understanding of decision rationale, and more visible role modeling. A disadvantage is more social pressure that leads to conformity.
Which of the following is not a symptom of groupthink?
overestimation of opponents -Eight common symptoms of groupthink are: Invulnerability Inherent morality Rationalization Stereotyped views of opposition Self-censorship Illusion of unanimity Peer pressure Mindguards