3090 Research Methods Exam 1 study

Which is true of an Institutional Review Board (IRB), the committee that is charged with reviewing and approving proposed research studies?

(All of the answers are correct) IRB approval must be in place for an federally funded research studies an IRB must have a member who is a knowledgeable scientist an IRB must have a member who is a member of the community

An empiricist:

Bases their conclusions on direct observations.

Which of the following research questions best illustrates an example of basic research?

Can 2 month old human infants tell the difference between four objects and six objects?

When a person only attends to information that supports their own belief, this is an example of?

Confirmation bias

Dr. Gonzalez is a peer reviewer for a manuscript submitted to a journal. He is likely to provide comments on which of the following?

How well the research was conducted

What does it mean that behavioral research is probabilistic?

Inferences drawn from behavioral research are not expected to explain all cases

Which of the following is the reason that scientific journals use peer review?

It ensures that the studies published are of the highest quality

Making sure that participants of research studies are representative of the population of people who might benefit from the data obtained in that study is described in what part of the Belmont report?

Justice principle

Using personal experience to learn new information may not be as good as systematic research. Why?

No comparison group with experience

According to the Belmont Report, which of the following groups of people is entitled to special protection?

People with developmental disabilities

Identify the popular press announcement that is causal

Poor diet responsible for Alzheimer's Disease

In one day of practice Audrey taught her son how to ride a bicycle without using training wheels. A research report found that teaching a child how to ride a bike with this approach will take five days of practice. What is the most likely reason for the discrepancy in the learning time-course between Audrey's experience and the research report's finding?

Research is probablistic

In considering whether research is ethical, which of the following are balanced against each other?

Risk to participants versus value of the knowledge gained

Angela reads about a study in which cell phone use is associated with migraine headaches. She says, "Well, that study is not valid because I use a cell phone more than anyone I know and I never get migraines." Based on her comment, Angela may be forgetting which of the following?

Science is probabilistic.

Scientists most often present the results of their studies using what venue?

Scientific journals

Which of the following is true of variables?

Some variables can be either manipulated or measured.

Benjamin is a social psychologist who studies marriage. He believes that marital satisfaction has two components: the ability to trust one's partner and a belief that one can be a good spouse. He conducts a study to test his ideas. Assuming that his data match his theory, which of the following statements should he make?

The data provide support for my theory

In addition to the three principles derived from the Belmont Report, which of the following two principles were added in the principles put forth by the American Psychological Association?

The principle of integrity and fidelity/responsibility

A statement, or set of statements, that describes general principles about how variables relate to one another is a(n) ________?

Theory

Which of the following jobs likely involves producer-of research skills rather than consumer of research skills?

University professor

Vanessa claims that she sleeps better when she falls asleep to music. She has a comparison group because she has noticed that she does not listen to music every night, only when she remembers to charge her iPod. She typically remembers to charge her iPod on nights when she is able to finish studying earlier. What problem do you see in Vanessa's reasoning about sleeping better to music?

Vanessa may be sleeping better because she is less distracted by studying/going to bed sooner

Which of the following is a problem presented by the availability heuristic?

We do not examine all of the evidence, only what we can quickly think of.

When reading an empirical research article, what are the two questions you should be asking as you read?

What is the argument? What is the evidence to support the argument?

When is it a good idea to base conclusions on the advice of authorities?

When the authority has based their advice on research that systematically and objectively compares different conditions.

Anderson is reading his morning paper and sees the following headline: "Men Should Avoid Rock Music When Playing Board Games." (This headline is based on a study conducted by Fancourt, Burton, & Williamon, 2016.) In the study, men and women played the game "Operation" when listening to different types of music. Male participants performed worse when listening to AC/DC than when listening to Mozart, but female participants' performance did not differ based on music. In this study, the researchers recorded how many errors participants committed. This is an example of which of the following?

a measured variable

When researchers are attempting to make a causal claim, what type(s) of validity must they address effectively to be convincing?

all 4 types of validity

Which validity would you be interrogating when asking How good of a job did the researchers do in creating their operational definition for aggression?

construct validity

Which of the following variable or variables is manipulated rather than measured?

dose of drug or placebo administered to participants

Which of the following headlines is an association claim?

hormone changes with mood

Dr. Ellison finds a relation between amount of sleep and problem solving. Specifically, having a higher amount of sleep the night before an exam is associated with higher scores on two measures of problem solving. This is an example of which type of association?

positive association

During the Tuskegee syphilis study researchers were not honest with the participants in part because they did not obtain the informed consent of the participants. This is a violation of which ethical principle stated in the Belmont Report?

respect for persons

Before conducting a study in which non human animals are the subjects, review and approval of the study must be done with the approving committee using ethical guidelines provided by:

the Animal Welfare Act (AWA)

Some researchers say one reason the Milgram obedience study was not ethical is because

too high a level of Psychological stress for participants

Vinai learns that people diagnosed schizophrenia have a problem labeling their emotions. Using this information, he designs a research study to examine whether teaching patients with schizophrenia to label the emotions of people they see in movie clips helps them to better label their own emotions. Vinai hopes that the findings of this research could then be used to create an intervention to treat schizophrenia. Vinai's study is an example of:

translational research