325

the peak is the amount of time the drug

needs to reach its highest effective concentration

Memory loss in mild cognitive impairment

often misplaces items worries about memory loss, family and friends notice lapses has increasing difficulty finding desired words

visceral pain

often poorly localized and described as deep, aching, cramping, pressure, or referred and resulting from stimuli, such as stretch compression, or ischemia of the hollow or solid internal organs or organ coverings

the loss of function mirrors, in reverse order, the development from birth

retrogenesis

generic name

safest way to refer to a drug not capitalized name given by the company that developed the drug

of the following side effects of opioids, which two are considered the most serious sedation vomiting constipation pruritus respiratory depression nausea

sedation respiratory depression

What are the three effects of non-opioid analgesics

anti-inflammatory analgesic effect Antipyretic

when two drugs given together have an effect equal to the sum of their respective effects, the interaction is known as

additive

unintended effect of the drug

adverse effect

when a drug binds to a receptor to produce a pharmacological effect

agonist

when performing an assessment to determine which medications can be used, which of the following elements is most important presence of illness allergies physical examination weight

allergies

neuropathic pain

caused by damage to peripheral nerves or CNS that results in the abnormal processing of stimuli Patients typically describe as a numbing, burning, shooting, stabbing, shock-like, or itchy sensations

Nociceptive pain

caused by damage to somatic or visceral tissue, which activated peripheral nociceptors

somatic pain

characterized as deep, aching, sharp, or throbbing that is well localized and arises from bone, joint, muscle, skin, or connective tissue

brand/trade

commercial name capitalized

behavioral problems occur in most patients with AD these problems include

delusions repetitivness hallucinations wandering agitation

dysgraphia

difficulty communicating by writing

one of the most important aspects of care for the patient when dementia is

ensuring personal safety

Inadequate pain management occurs across care settings and patient populations. Untreated pain can result in physical and psychosocial dysfunction, impaired recovery from acute illness and surgery, immunosuppression, and disturbed. The reasons for under management may be:

fear that aggressive pain management may hasten or cause death unwillingness of providers to believe patients' report of pain inadequate reassessments resulting in failure to readjust treatments insufficient knowledge and skills to assess and manage pain

memory loss in AD

forgets what an item is used for or puts it in an inappropriate place may have little or no awareness of cognitive problems begins to lose language skills and may withdraw from social interaction

apraxia

inability to perform learned movement despite having desire and physical ability to perform them

visual agnosia

inability to recognize objects by sight

normal forgetfulness symptoms

jokes about memory loss sometimes mis[;aces keys, eyeglasses, or other items sometimes has to search for a word

which of the following circumstances will increase the rate of drug absorption for a subcutaneous injection Large surface area lipid solubility low blood flow large muscle mass

large muscle mass

Metabolism usually occurs in. the

liver

Ahasia

loss of or impaired langue facility ( comprehension, expression, or both)

a patient is taking SMZ/TMP asks the nurse what the name means. The nurse replies sulfamethoxazole is combined with trimethoprim in SMZ/TMP to help the drug effectiveness. How does this work?

sulfamethoxazole has a synergistic effect with trimethoprim against positive and gram-negative organisms

a patient requires a high dose of a new antihypertensive medication because the new medication has a significant first-pass effect. What does this mean

the medication is extensively metabolized in the patient's liver

pain

whatever the person experiencing the pain says it is, existing whenever the person says it does