3412 Exam 2 Vertebral Column

True

The thoracic spinal curvature is classified as a primary curve. True False

C4-6

The thyroid cartilage generally corresponds to the level of: C4-6. C1-2. C6-7. C7-T1.

iliac crests

Anatomic landmark that corresponds to L4/L5?

26

How many bones make up the adult vertebral column? 33 28 26 31

C3

The gonion corresponds to the level of: C1. C4-5. C3. C7.

jefferson fracture

A comminuted fracture of the anterior and posterior arches of C1 is termed: Hangman's fracture Clay shoveler's fracture Jefferson fracture Teardrop burst fracture

spina bifida

A congenital condition in which the posterior aspects of the vertebrae fail to develop is termed: Spina bifida Spondylolisthesis Spondylolysis Scoliosis

transitional vertebra

A lumbar rib is an example of a/an: Transitional vertebra Spondylitis Ankylosing spondylitis Scheuermann's disease

Lordosis

An abnormally increased "sway-back" spinal curvature is termed: Kyphosis Lordosis Scoliosis Thorosis

a compression fracture

An anterior wedging of vertebrae with a loss of body height but rarely causing neurologic symptoms is called: a teardrop burst fracture. a chance fracture. spondylolysis. a compression fracture.

Ala

Another term for the wings of the sacrum is: Body Superior articular processes Laminae Ala

abnormal thoracic curvature with increased convexity

Kyphosis is defined as: normal or abnormal lumbar swayback curvature. normal or abnormal convex sacral curvature. normal compensatory curve of thoracic spine. abnormal thoracic curvature with increased convexity.

jugular notch

T2-3 disk space is found at the level of the: jugular notch. sternal angle. xiphoid process. 2 inches (5 cm) below the jugular notch.

promontory of the sacrum

The anterior projecting bony process of the sacrum that forms part of the inlet of the true pelvis is the: body of S1. apex of coccyx. sacral foramina. promontory of the sacrum.

promontory

The anterior ridge of the body of the first sacral segment is termed: Promontory Crest Sacral hiatus Sacral cornu

S1-S2

The anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS) corresponds to the level of the: Tip of the coccyx L4-L5 S1-S2 L3-L4

Pedicle

The eye of the "Scottie dog" represents the ____ of the lumbar vertebrae. Pedicle Superior articular process Inferior articular process Pars interarticularis

Amphiarthrodial

The intervertebral joints are classified as: Amphiarthrodial Diarthrodial Synarthrodial Myothrodial

zygapophyseal joints

The joints between articular processes of vertebra are termed: zygapophyseal joints. fibrous joints. intervertebral joints. synarthrodial joints.

true

The left SI joint is open with an RPO projection. True False

Pars interarticularis

The portion of each lamina between the superior and inferior articular processes is termed: Pillar Pedicle Pars interarticularis Facet

spondylolysis

The radiographic appearance on an oblique lumbar spine in which the neck of the Scotty dog appears broken suggests the presence of ____. spondylolisthesis spina bifida compression fracture spondylolysis

nucleus pulposus

The soft, semigelatinous inner part of the intervertebral disk is termed: Nuclear core Annulus fibrosus Fovea centralis Nucleus pulposus

L1-L2

The spinal cord tapers off to a point distally at the level of: lower L5. L2-3 intervertebral space. L1-L2. L4-5 intervertebral space.

conus medullaris

The tapered end of the solid spinal cord is termed: Medulla oblongata Filum terminale Spinalis terminalis Conus medullaris

90 degrees

The zygapophyseal joints for the typical cervical vertebra lie at an angle of ____ in relation to the midsagittal plane. 45 degrees 60 degrees 70 to 75 degrees 90 degrees

50 degrees

The zygapophyseal joints of the upper lumbar vertebrae are ____ in relationship to the midsagittal plane. 30 degrees 90 degrees 45 degrees 50 degrees

bottom of the front incisors and the base of the skull

Bony landmarks that must be aligned for an AP open mouth position?

At C4 with a 15-degree caudad angle

CR for a PA oblique cervical spine?

2 inches above the pubis symphysis with a 15-degree angle cephalad

CR for an AP axial projection of the sacrum?

false

For a lateral projection of the cervical spine, the exposure is initiated during full inspiration of the lungs. True False

herniated nucleus pulposus

Sciatic-type pain resulting from a "slipped disk" indicates: spondylolisthesis. ankylosing spondylitis. spina bifida. Correct! herniated nucleus pulposus.

lateral curvature

Scoliosis is defined as abnormal or exaggerated: concave curvature. convex curvature. lateral curvature. "swayback" lumbar curvature.

90

Studies have shown that a PA projection results in approximately __% reduction in dose to the breasts as compared with an AP taken during a scoliosis study. 10 30 50 90

angle CR 3 -5 degrees caudad

What additional measure can be taken if the patient cannot depress the shoulders adequately for the cervicothoracic (swimmer's) lateral projection? Angle the CR 3° to 5° caudad Have a technologist pull down on the arm Increase kV to penetrate through the shoulders Perform the AP axial-vertebral arch projection instead

45 degrees

What is the average degree of rotation required to demonstrate the L3-L4 zygapophyseal joints?

amphiarthrodial

What is the functional joint classification of the intervertebral joints of the lumbar spine?

synovial/diarthrodial

What is the joint classification of the zygapophyseal joints? Symphyses/amphiarthrodial Synovial/diarthrodial Fibrous/synarthrodial Cartilaginous/amphiarthrodial

70 to 75 degrees

What is the rotation of the body required for an LPO projection of the thoracic spine (from the table)?

26

What is the total number of bones in the adult vertebral column? 26 28 33 36

anode heel effect or compensating filter

What is used to provide a more uniformed density on an AP thoracic spine

LPO or RAO

What patient position shows the right SI joint open?

breathing technique

What technique is utilized to enhance the visibility of the vertebral bodies during a lateral projection of the thoracic spine?

5 to 8 degrees caudad

What type of CR angle is recommended for a lateral projection of the lumbar spine if the midabdomen is not supported? 5° to 8° caudad 5° to 8° cephalad 10° to 15° caudad 15° to 20° caudad

15 caudad

What type of CR angle is required for an RAO projection of the cervical spine? 15° caudad 15° cephalad 25° cephalad 25° caudad

10 degrees caudad

What type of CR is required for an AP axial projection of the coccyx? 10°cephalad 15° cephalad 10° caudad 15° caudad

plane

What type of joint movement occurs with the zygapophyseal joints? Ellipsoidal Trochoidal Ginglymus Plane

between superior and inferior articular processes

Where is the articular pillar located on a cervical vertebra?

B

Which aspect of the Scotty dog in this Figure is the inferior articular process?

C

Which aspect of the Scotty dog in this Figure is the pars interarticularis?

D

Which aspect of the Scotty dog in this Figure is the pedicle?

A

Which aspect of the Scotty dog in this Figure is the superior articular process?

E

Which aspect of the Scotty dog in this Figure is the transverse process?

nucleus pulposus

Which aspect of the intervertebral disk is composed of semigelatinous material? Nucleus pulposus Annulus fibrosus Conus medullaris Cauda equina

PA Axial Oblique

Which cervical spine projection shows the intervertebral foramina and pedicles closest to the IR?

AP Axial Oblique

Which cervical spine projection shows the intervertebral foramina and pedicles farther from the IR?

50

Which degree of rotation will best demonstrate the zygapophyseal joints at the L1-L2 vertebral level? 30° 45° 50° 60°

cervical

Which of the following curves is classified as being compensatory? Thoracic Cervical Sacral None of the answers are correct

Transverse foramina and double (bifid) tips on spinous processes

Which of the following features makes the cervical vertebra unique as compared with other vertebrae of the spine? Transverse foramina and double (bifid) tips on spinous processes Overlapping vertebral intervertebral foramina Presence of zygapophyseal joints All answers are correct

Lateral

Which of the following lumbar spine projections will best demonstrate the extent of a compression fracture? Oblique Hyperflexion and hyperextension lateral Lateral AP axial L5-S1

spondylosis

Which of the following pathologic conditions is defined as "a condition of the spine characterized by rigidity of a vertebral joint"? Spondylitis Ankylosing spondylitis Spondylosis Scheuermann's disease

advanced osteoporosis

Which of the following pathologic conditions will require a decrease in manual technical factors? Advanced osteoporosis Severe scoliosis Moderate lordosis Scheuermann's disease

RAO

Which of the following projections will best demonstrate the left zygapophyseal joints of the lumbar spine? RPO LAO RAO Lateral

The transverse processes extend laterally from the junction of the pedicles and laminae.

Which of the following statements is true for a typical adult vertebra? The transverse processes extend laterally from the junction of the pedicles and laminae. The transverse processes are present only on thoracic vertebrae containing rib connections. The spinous process extends posteriorly from the body of the vertebra. All answers are correct

T11-12

Which of the following thoracic vertebra(e) possess no facets for costotransverse joints? T1 T11-12 T10-12 None of the above

front incisors and base of skull

Which two bony landmarks must be superimposed for an AP open mouth projection? Front incisors and tip of mentum Base of skull and tip of mentum Front incisors and inion Front incisors and base of skull

Right

Which zygapophyseal joint is demonstrated with an LAO position of the lumbar spine? Right Left Neither. The LAO demonstrates the intervertebral foramina.