3.5-3.8 APES Study Guide

The supply of Earth's fresh water is fixed and is being depleted at a rapid rate. What are the effects of a limited freshwater supply on human populations?

world food production will decrease, leading to increased famine

In a human population, the population momentum effect is most likely to occur in cases in which a large percent of people in the population are in what age-group?

younger than 18 years old - under 15 pre-reproductive zone

Factors that affect the total fertility rate of a human population include what? I. Cultural traditions II. Government policies and economic incentives III. Education level and economic opportunities for females

1, 11, and 111

If a country has a crude birth rate of 24 per 1,000 and a crude death rate of 8 per 1,000, the natural annual percent increase of its population is what?

1.6%

If the population of a country grows at a rate of approximately 5 percent per year, the number of years required for the population to double is closest to

15 years

which line represents the biotic potential of the species?

A (exponential population growth curve)

What best exemplifies population momentum?

Continued growth of a population after fertility drops to replacement level

A country currently has a population of 100 million and an annual growth rate of 3.5 percent. If the growth rate remains constant, what will be the population of this country in 40 years? A. 150 million B. 200 million C. 300 million D. 400 million E. 800 million

D) 400 million

Population growing exponentially is represented by what in a graph?

J-shaped curve

In a graph, this represents the growth of a population predicted by the logistic model.

S shaped curve

The increase in the size of Earth's human population in the last century has been dramatic. What are two major contributors to this increase?

The Industrial Revolution and modern medicine.

What can be interpreted from an age-structure diagram of a country?

The relative population growth rate of the population.

In a graph, this represents the maximum number of individuals that can be supported by a particular ecosystem on a long term basis.

carrying capacity

What is a density-independent factor that controls population size?

food or nutrient limitation

Although the fertility rate for women in the United States has declined in recent years to a value below replacement level, the United States population is still increasing because why?

immigration

The world population growth rate in 2015 is about 1 percent. It is expected to drop to 0.5 percent by 2050,partly because of increased access to birth control in developing nations. Another likely cause for the expected decline is what?

increasing numbers of women entering the workforce in developing nations

What two main factors would best indicate the quality of life of a country's population?

life expectancy and infant mortality rate

Countries undergoing rapid population growth include which age structure diagram?

pyramid, exponential, wider bottom

How are the populations generally different between developed and undeveloped countries?

stable

What is replacement-level fertility?

the number of children a couple must produce to "replace" themselves

Describe the total fertility of a society. What determines it?

-The total fertility of a society is the difference between the crude birth rate and the crude death rate -The total fertility of a society is the number of children necessary for a couple to replace themselves in the next generation.

If a city of population 10,000 experiences 100 births, 40 deaths, 10 immigrants, and 30 emigrants in the course of a year, what is its net annual percentage growth rate?

0.4%

Logistic growth produces an

S-shaped curve