391 Test 1
Which of the following does the heredity approach state?
An individual's personality is determined by molecular structure of the genes.
________ is the study of societies to learn about human beings and their activities.
Anthropology
Which of the following is the best example of the use of intimidation?
Anya's boss, Kira, sets difficult targets and hints that Anya may lose her job if she doesn't meet them.
________ is a pure marker of low negative affect.
Boredom
Raylon Inc. needs to hire a new floor supervisor. As the company has recently made an effort to increase diversity within the organization, the HR team wants to hire a qualified female candidate for the role instead of adequately qualified male candidates. However, top management insists that optimal performance is the top priority and that the candidate hired should be the person best suited for the job. Which of the following, if true, would most strengthen HR's case for hiring the female candidate?
Both candidates have the qualifications required to perform up to expectations.
Which of the following is not true regarding positive and negative emotions in different cultures?
Compared to Mainland Chinese, Taiwanese are similar to Latin Americans in their experience of culture.
________ variables are variables that moderate the relationship between two or more variables.
Contingency
________ refers to the evaluation of a person's characteristics that is affected by comparisons with other people recently encountered who rank higher or lower on the same characteristics.
Contrast effect
Which of the following is an example of deep acting?
Dave tries to get along with a co-worker because they will soon be working together on a project.
________ diversity refers to diversity with respect to attributes that are less easy to observe initially but that can be inferred after more direct experience.
Deep-level
Which of the following statements is true regarding the effects of moods and emotions on decision making?
Depressed people tend to weigh all possible options rather than the most likely ones.
________ are caused by a specific event, are very brief, and are accompanied by distinct facial expressions
Emotions
Which of the following is a characteristic of emotions?
Emotions are reactions to a person or event.
Which of the following is true according to the affective events theory?
Employees react emotionally to events at work, which affects their job performance and satisfaction.
The manager's suggestion is based on which of the following assumptions?
Employees' workload can be adjusted to accommodate their requests to go on leave.
________ is a key independent variable in positive organizational behavior research.
Engagement
________ refers to basing managerial decisions on the best available scientific proof.
Evidence-based management
________ is a pure marker of high positive affect.
Excitement
________, which may occur intentionally or unintentionally, refers to keeping certain people in a work place away from job opportunities, social events, discussions, or informal mentoring.
Exclusion
Who defined personality as the dynamic organization within the individual of those psychophysical systems that determine a person's unique adjustments to his/her environment?
Gordon Allport
________ refers to the tendency of people to associate two events when in reality there is no connection.
Illusory correlation
________ refers to a gut feeling not necessarily supported by research.
Intuition
Which of the following is not a reality for today's workforce?
Issues related to well-being have dropped as the number of employees who work at home rises.
Which of the following is not true regarding emotion regulation?
It can be defined as a person's ability to understand the meaning of emotions.
Which of the following is an argument used against emotional intelligence?
It cannot be measured easily and measures of EI are diverse.
Which of the following statements is true regarding emotional intelligence (EI)?
It comprises a person's ability to detect others' and one's own feelings.
Which of the following is true regarding systematic study?
It involves analyzing relationships based on scientific data.
Which of the following statements is true regarding surface acting?
It involves foregoing emotional expressions in response to display rules.
Which of the following best defines organizational behavior?
It involves the study of what people do in a company and how it affects the company's output.
Robert Springer woke up in the morning and felt a sense of joy and peace as he got ready for work. At work, though challenges came his way, he tackled them without getting stressed about them. This feeling lasted for several days that week. What is one of the reasons that Springer's feeling can be categorized as a mood and not as an emotion?
It is prolonged in nature.
Which of the following is true with respect to workplace discrimination?
It may lead to reduced productivity and citizenship behavior.
Which of the following is true with respect to surface-level diversity?
It refers to differences in easily perceived characteristics, such as gender and race.
Which of the following is true regarding positive organizational scholarship?
It studies how organizations develop human strengths, foster vitality, and unlock potential.
Which of the following most likely indicates surface-level similarity?
Jane and Sara grew up in the same town and went to school together.
360.org, an organization working toward curbing climate change, recently conducted an interview with Jessica for the position of a public relations officer. However, interviewers Brenda and Laura are divided over whether Jessica should be given the job. Brenda believes that Jessica does not have in-depth knowledge about the issue of global warming and its impact. On the other hand, Laura feels that Jessica would be perfect for the job because she has strong interpersonal skills. Which of the following, if true, would weaken Laura's argument?
Jessica was unable to communicate clearly why she was right for the job.
________ are defined as people who oversee the activities of others and who are responsible for attaining goals in organizations.
Managers
________ refers to feelings that tend to be less intense than emotions and that lack a contextual stimulus.
Mood
________ are cognitive in nature, have an unclear, general cause, and last for several hours or days
Moods
Which of the following statements is most likely to be true regarding moods?
Moods are cognitive in nature.
The ________ is a personality assessment consisting of 100 questions where respondents are classified as extraverted or introverted, sensing or intuitive, thinking or feeling, and judging or perceiving.
Myers-Briggs Type Indicator
________ is a dimension of intellectual ability which refers to the ability to do speedy and accurate arithmetic.
Number aptitude
Which of the following is the most likely reason why employers should employ older workers?
Older workers have extensive work experience.
________ differences between people represent deep-level diversity.
Personality
________ is the sum total of ways in which an individual reacts to and interacts with others.
Personality
Which of the following statements is true about personality?
Personality is influenced by hereditary factors.
________ may be referred to as the capacity to undertake tasks that demand stamina, dexterity, and strength
Physical abilities
Which of the following statements is true regarding sources of moods and emotions?
Physical and informal activities increase positive mood.
) ________ refers to the tendency of most individuals to experience a mildly positive mood at zero input when nothing in particular is going on.
Positivity offset
________ refers to the biological heritage people use to identify themselves.
Race
On which day of the week does the positive effect tend to be highest?
Saturdays
Which of the following is an example of an ethical dilemma?
Should I play politics to advance my career?
Which of the following is a difference between sociology and psychology?
Sociology studies people in relation to their social culture whereas psychology focuses on the individual.
________ refers to the ability to exert force against external objects.
Static strength
________ diversity refers to diversity in observable attributes such as race, ethnicity, sex, and age
Surface-level
Erin Corbett works at a software company and is in charge of the help desk. A short while ago, she received a call from a discontented customer about a problem he is facing due to the company's software. Though she tried to help the customer with the software, he refused to listen to her. He continued yelling at her and finally banged the phone down. Corbett feels exasperated after hanging up the phone and goes for a cup of coffee to calm herself down. What makes Corbett's anger an emotion, rather than a mood?
The anger has a contextual stimulus.
Under which of the following conditions, if true, would the manager's suggestion most likely be accepted?
The company has a "use it or lose it" policy whereby unused leave lapses at the end of every year.
Gould Furniture is one of the leading furniture companies in Indonesia. In the past, the company had a homogeneous workforce of Indonesian employees. The company is desperate to cut operating and manufacturing costs and, hence, is considering outsourcing part of the manufacturing process to low-cost Vietnam. However, local community leaders across the country are strongly opposing this decision. They believe that exporting jobs to other countries is detrimental to their country in every way possible. Which of the following, if true, is the flaw in the local community leaders' opinion?
The furniture market contributes to 20 percent of deforestation in the country.
Under which of the following conditions, if true, would the manager's suggestion least likely be accepted?
The skills required by the company are highly specialized, and hence the company is short-staffed.
Kimberly Ortiz strongly believes in working for a company which promotes diversity. She believes that such organizations are respectful of differences and allow employees more exposure. She recently attended an interview where she was told that the company follows policies which focus on organizational diversity. However, when she finally joined the company, she had a strong feeling that the company's claim was not true. Which of the following, if true, weakens Kimberly's belief that the company does not encourage diversity?
The workforce is not dominated by any specific ethnic or racial group.
Which of the following is true with respect to biographical characteristics?
They are representative of surface-level diversity.
Which of the following is true regarding technical skills?
They encompass the ability to apply specialized knowledge.
Which of the following is a drawback of self-report surveys?
They may result in the respondent lying to create a good impression.
Which of the following is true regarding contingency variables?
They refer to situational factors that moderate the relationship between two or more variables.
Which of the following explains why the relationship between age and job performance is likely to be of increasing importance during the next decade?
U.S. legislation, in effect, outlaws mandatory retirement.
Which of the following statements is most likely to be true about differences between men and women in relation to emotional reactions?
Women tend to hold onto emotions longer than men.
________ refers to the heterogeneity of organizations in terms of gender, age, race, ethnicity, sexual orientation, and inclusion of other diverse groups.
Workforce diversity
Thurman Inc., a manufacturing company in Vermont, needs to hire employees for its new office in the city. The positions require the employees to travel across the country regularly. The management has specified that they are looking for employees below the age of 40 who are young and dynamic. Which of the following beliefs is the management most likely to hold?
Younger workers are more flexible to change.
Katherine Connor started her day with a cup of coffee while reading the newspaper. However, something about the day makes her feel low. When she reaches the office, she feels upset and distracted from work although she cannot pinpoint a reason for feeling this way. She continues to feel upset and distracted through the rest of the day. Which of the following is she most likely to be experiencing?
a mood
Which of the following is a generic term that covers a broad range of feelings that people experience?
affect
Ben Ervin often experiences emotions in a much stronger manner than most of his other colleagues. Events that do not provoke any significant emotional response from another person send him into fits of happiness, anger, or depression. In view of such a situation, Ervin is displaying a high level of ________.
affect intensity
Ashley Madison works as a receptionist at a fashion magazine. One morning, her boss walks into the office and yells at her, telling her that the front office is a mess and she needs to clean it immediately. After her boss leaves the room, Madison goes to the front office and violently slams trash into the bin. Which of the following best describes Madison's anger?
an emotion
Which of the following is one of the six essentially universal emotions agreed on by a majority of researchers?
anger
Myriam is analyzing the gender roles of men and women in management in the United States and comparing them to the gender roles in management in Japan. She is surveying fifty male and fifty female managers in each country to compare their daily behavior. Myriam's study exemplifies how ________ contributes to OB.
anthropology
Recent studies show ________.
attaining a balance between personal life and work is a primary career goal
The physical ability that allows a body to maintain equilibrium despite opposing forces is known as ________.
balance
An example of a process at a group level is ________.
communication
Which of the following is not an example of moral emotions?
contempt for those who behave ethically
Jessica recently joined a new company and was first introduced to Michelle, her cubicle neighbor. Michelle came across as amiable and cheerful. During lunch she met another colleague, Carrie, who did not come across as friendly as Michelle. In this situation, Jessica's interpretation of Carrie's personality is most likely to be affected by ________.
contrast effect
Lesley Torres is a project manager for the campaign "Action against Deforestation in Indonesia." She recently faced a glitch when the campaign could not be launched publicly according to schedule. Torres monitored the schedule to find the cause of the delay before speeding up the implementation process by allocating more members for the implementation phase. By doing this, which of the following functions is she performing?
controlling
) Irene Jones, a project manager at a water conservation foundation, is holding a team meeting to discuss the different modes of spreading awareness about the issue of water conservation to the public. A team member, John Sullivan, states that using broadcasting media is the best way to reach out to the public. On the other hand, Pamela Riley states that print media is the right medium to spread word about the issue. Jones is now weighing the pros and cons of both her team members' suggestions before choosing the medium which will be most appropriate for the water conservation project. Which of the following dimensions of intellectual ability is Jones most likely to be using to make her decision?
deductive reasoning
The practice of modifying one's true inner feelings based on display rules is known as ________.
deep acting
Which of the following functions do managers undertake as part of planning functions?
defining an organization's goals
Jonathan Cowan is upset because he was passed over for a promotion he had really worked hard for. In response to his anger toward the manager and the company, he has started gossiping about the manager with his colleagues and assigning blame on him unnecessarily. Jonathan's behavior is an example of ________.
deviant workplace behavior
Surface acting deals only with ________ emotions.
displayed
According to Mintzberg's classification of managerial roles, the role of a(n) ________ is to transmit information received from outsiders or from other employees to members of the
disseminator
Which of the following is a kind of physical ability which refers to the ability to make rapid, repeated flexing movements?
dynamic flexibility
Which of the following is an example of an epicurean activity which helps increase a person's positive mood?
eating a meal with friends
Which of the following terms best describes an intense feeling directed at someone or something?
emotion
Which of the following terms refers to a person's ability to detect and to manage emotional cues and information?
emotional intelligence
A situation in which an employee expresses organizationally desired emotions during interpersonal transactions at work is known as ________.
emotional labor
Johanna Godfrey works as a guest relations executive at a five star deluxe hotel in Washington. During the course of her job, she needs to greet and smile at guests irrespective of her state of mind. In addition, when any guest faces problems, she needs to be calm and composed and help resolve issues. This shows that Johanna's job requires ________.
emotional labor
Which of the following best represents deep-level similarity?
employees who seek challenges in assignments and like to work collaboratively
According to Mintzberg's classification of managerial roles, a(n) ________ searches the organization and its environment for opportunities and initiates projects to bring about change.
entrepreneur
Differences in ________ indicate surface-level diversity.
ethnicity
Whether a candidate has high emotional intelligence would be a significant factor when considering a candidate for the job of a(n) ________.
event planner who needs to coordinate with several people
Women being assigned marginal job roles that do not lead to promotion is an example of the ________ form of discrimination.
exclusion
Managers who oversee the movement of jobs to countries with low-cost labor are most likely to ________.
face opposition from labor groups
According to Henry Mintzberg, a factory supervisor giving a group of high school students a tour of the plant may be termed as a ________.
figurehead
Which of the following is an example of a position in a service job?
flight attendant
Which of the following terms best describes the tendency to underestimate the influence of external factors and overestimate the influence of internal factors when making judgments about the behavior of others?
fundamental attribution error
Which of the following is a cause of work-life conflicts?
global organizations
Carlos is upset because his boss gave him work to finish over the weekend. It is Friday. Which of the following is most likely to help Carlos lift his spirits?
going to a party with his friends
Which of the following terms refers to factors such as one's biological, physiological, and inherent psychological makeup determined at conception?
heredity
The ability to understand, communicate with, motivate, and support other people, both individually and in groups, may be defined as ________.
human skills
Which of the following determinants of behavior does organizational behavior study?
individuals
In a workplace, ________ involves overt threats or bullying directed at members of specific groups of employees.
intimidation
Which of the following refers to a kind of discrimination which refers to overt threats or bullying directed at members of specific groups of employees?
intimidation
The three-component model of creativity proposes that individual creativity essentially requires expertise, creative thinking skills, and ________.
intrinsic task motivation
Which of the following is a result of globalization?
jobs moving to nations with low-cost labor
Ellen Ortiz works as a sales manager at a telecom firm. The company has recently launched a new product in the market. Her work in the next few weeks involves sharing knowledge about the product with her team members. She will also need to inspire them to reach their sales targets and clarify any doubts about the new product. Which of the following roles is Ortiz playing?
leader
Johanna Reid, a campaign manager at a child rights organization, recently started working on an illiteracy project. During the project, she needs to motivate team members to attain their project milestones and direct them through different phases of the project. Which of the following kinds of functions will these tasks be covered under?
leading
Which of the following is a biographical characteristic of an employee?
length of tenure
According to Mintzberg's classification of managerial roles, which of the following is a kind of interpersonal role?
liaison
Regina George works as a campaign manager in a not-for-profit organization in Hampshire. For the upcoming campaign against genetic engineering, she is networking with managers who are working on the issue of food safety. Through her network of contacts, she strives to gain information about the stakeholders in the food industry and other lobby groups. Which of the following roles is George most likely to be playing according to Mintzberg's classification of managerial roles?
liaison
Emotions such as relaxation, serenity, and calmness comprise the ________ mood dimension.
low positive affect
Which of the following is the major challenge for managers in a fully networked organization?
managing people who work together but are geographically separated
Which of the following is an example of an uplifting event according to the affective events theory?
meeting a project milestone
Annette Simpson works for a fashion house in Paris and is preparing for the company's upcoming line of winter clothing. She is currently researching online to know what is in vogue this season. In addition, she is also networking with contacts from the press and fashion magazine editors to understand the changing tastes of consumers. Which of the following roles is Simpson playing according to Mintzberg's classification of managerial roles?
monitor
A common characteristic of service jobs is that they ________.
need substantial interaction with an organization's customers
According to Mintzberg's classification of managerial roles, which of the following is a kind of decisional role?
negotiator
Which of the following terms best describes organizations that allow people to communicate and work together even though they may be thousands of miles apart?
networked organizations
In ________, a co-worker or another observer does an independent assessment of personality, with or without the subject's knowledge.
observer-ratings surveys
By 2020, the 55-and-older age group of the U.S. labor force will represent approximately ________ of the total labor force.
one-quarter
Sally Mitchell works as a manager at an environmental organization. She is currently working on a global warming project and decides which tasks related to creating awareness about the issue need to be done. In addition, she is also deciding which members of her team will work on engaging with the public and which will work on lobbying with the government. She is also assigning people as team members to ensure that tasks are undertaken on time. Which of the following categories of functions is Mitchell undertaking?
organizing
According to Gordon Allport, ________ is defined as the dynamic organization within the individual of those psychophysical systems that determine a person's unique adjustments to his/her environment.
personality
The management at Climate Action Development needs to recruit campaign managers for its Renewable Energy Project. They are looking for candidates who are assertive, extroverted, and who can tackle challenges head-on. Which of the following deep-level characteristics should they focus on to best help them recruit the right candidate for the job?
personality
Which of the following is an example of a sedentary activity that does not play a crucial role in increasing positive mood?
playing video games at home
You are bringing together faculty from different behavioral disciplines to author a new textbook in organizational behavior. Represented are professors from psychology, sociology, social psychology, anthropology, political science, and industrial engineering. Which faculty member is most likely to furnish information about personality, learning, and motivation?
psychology
Which of the following is most likely to be experienced during a positivity offset?
relaxation
According to Mintzberg's classification of managerial roles, the role of a(n) ________ is to make or approve significant organizational decisions and assign human, physical, and monetary assets.
resource allocator
Which of the following is an example of deviant workplace behavior?
sabotaging one's organization's computers
Which of the following does systematic study use to look at relationships to attribute causes and effects?
scientific data
Which of the following is the most common means of measuring personality?
self-report surveys
April's colleague Nathan has consistently pestered her to go out on a date with him. Though she has refused his offer several times, he keeps persisting. She found an envelope on her desk from Nathan with inappropriate pictures and cartoons, which left her infuriated. She now intends to go discuss the matter with the human resource department of her company. Which of the following forms of discrimination is April most likely to cite?
sexual harassment
Which of the following disciplines blends concepts from both psychology and sociology to focus on people's influence on one another?
social psychology
Which of the following fields of study is most likely to involve studying organizational culture, formal organization theory, and structure?
sociology
The role of a(n) ________, according to Mintzberg's classification of managerial roles, is to transmit information to outsiders about an organization's plans, policies, actions, and results and to serve as an expert in the organization's industry.
spokesperson
Judging someone on the basis of one's perception of the group to which the person belongs is called ________.
stereotyping
Which of the following terms refers to the practice of hiding inner feelings and foregoing emotional expressions in response to display rules?
surface acting
Analyzing relationships, determining causes and effects, and basing conclusions on scientific evidence, all constitute aspects of ________ study.
systematic
In order to predict human behavior, it is best to supplement intuitive opinions with information derived from ________.
systematic study
Which of the following best describes the physical ability known as dynamic strength?
the ability to exert muscular force repeatedly or continuously over time
Which of the following best describes spatial visualization?
the ability to imagine how an object would look if its position were changed
Which of the following best describes the physical ability known as dynamic flexibility?
the ability to make rapid, repeated flexing movements
A difference in ________ would indicate deep-level diversity.
values
Which of the following statements is true regarding a contrast effect?
) It involves evaluation of a person's features based on comparison with another person.
Which of the following is true about emotions?
) They are critical to rational thinking.
________ may be defined as an individual's current capacity to perform the various tasks in a job.
Ability
________ refers to individual differences in strength with which individuals experience their emotions.
Affect intensity
________ refers to a model which suggests that workplace events cause emotional reactions on the part of employees, which then influence workplace attitudes and behaviors.
Affective events theory