3rd Music Test

Nueva Cancion

"New Song" a political song movement through which people stand up for themselves in the face of oppression by a totalitarian government or in the face of cultural imperialism from abroad.

K'antu

A ceremonial panpipe music from the high plateau of Peru-Bolivia

Latin-America Music Characteristics

A contininent and a half with more than 20 different countries, with dozens of different languages. Some of which include Native American dialects. A diverse geography that includes deserts, mountains, and basins. Merging of Iberian, African, and Native American cultures. A common heritage among Latin-American cultures of Spanish/Portuguese colonialism. Diversity and heritage is reflected in the music.

Wayno

A deeply rooted, lively musical genre native to the South-Andean region of Peru and Bolivia

Imbabura Harp

A descendant of sixteenth century Spanish harps, and is only common in the Imbabura Province

Sanjuan

A northern Ecuadorian highland Quichua genre that displays an isorhythmic phrase structure characterized by related melodic patterns.

Tango

A partner dance that originated in the nineteenth century, main forms come from Argentina, Chile, and Uruguay.

Javanese Gamelan

A set of Javanese instruments unified by their tuning and often by their decorative carving and painting. Most gamelans consist of several kinds of metal slab instruments and tuned knobbed gongs.

Kena

An Andean vertical notched flute

Genres by country

Argentina: Tango Bolivia: Quechuan, Brazil: Samba, Chile: Nueve Cancion, Cuba: Son, Colombia: Vallenato, Ecuador: Andean, Peru: Andean, Venezuala: Gaita

Samba

Brazilian dance and genre originating in Bahia, Brazil. It has African roots via the West African Slave Trade.

Gamelan making/construction

Bronze is the preferable metal used because of its durability and rich sound. It is a long and difficult process. The largest gongs take up to a month to manufacture.

Chinese Music

Characteristics: Deep historical roots with strong regional variation, great variety of instruments, long-standing and highly developed opera traditions, mostly melodic rather than harmonic, traditional instruments often play heterophonically, a strong established Western music influence, emerging worldwide Chinese music network.

Ensemble music and Characteristics

Characteristics: Heterophonic performance style, variation during performance, notation is used when players learn the music, much of it is in suite form, performance is very much a part of a wider social event

Beiguan

Emanates a muscular self-confidence that perfectly matches its outdoor setting. Their formal performances are instrumental not vocal, and they may be played a funerals or temple festivities. They use onomatopoeic syllables

Isorhythm

Equal rhythm, the same rhythm. It denotes an established tradition in which the rhythm of the first half of the phrase is identical to the rhythm of the second half

Bubaran

Formal structure, 16 beats per gong, usually used for the dispersal of an audience after a performance

Charango

Fretted guitar-like instrument of Andean Bolivia, Peru, and northern Argentina

Bossa Nova

Genre of Brazilian music that was popularized in the 50s-60s and is one of the best-known genres in Brazil

Pasibubut and Bunun people

Inhabit central eastern Taiwan. They depend on agriculture and hunting for food, rather than trade. The Bunun have traditionally prayed for good harvests and good fortune in the hunt. Some prayers have been adopted into songs, and are sung collectively by the group.

Balinese gamelan tuning

Instruments are tuned in pairs, with one instrument tuned slightly higher than its partner. This creates a shimmery effect.

Balinese Gamelan

Instruments: Gender, gong, gambang, saron, suling, rebab. Characteristics: Emphasis on percussion, use of two scales: slendro and pelog, use of different sized gong instruments, often accompanies dance-dance drama-and puppetry, strictly instrumental, directed by melodic instrument player, shimmery effect from tuning, interlocking melodic patterns, abrupt shifts in tempo, variety of textures, cyclic repetition, flexible in some aspects but many of the characteristics are determined by the composer before the performance. Differences: Ensembles employ the pelog scale system

Jiangnan Sizhu

Its name means the silk & bamboo music of the Jiangnan region. Silk & bamboo refers to the two major categories of instruments used in this music, silk-stringed instruments, and bamboo-tuned wind instruments

Loud vs. Soft Play instruments

Loud: gong ageng, siyem, kempul, kenong, kethuk, kempyang, bonang family, saron family, slenthem, kendhang family, bedhug. Soft: gender barung, gender panerus, gambang, celempung, siter, suling, rebab.

Sesquialtera

Music that can be felt in both 3/4 and 6/8 metrical rhythm

Gendhing

Musical piece used for gamelan, also used in Bali and Java.

Beijing Opera/Jingju

Narrative forms can range from story telling with little to no musical setting to fully staged opera with large amounts of singing and acrobatics. There are several hundred distinct traditions. Four Essential Performance Skills: Song, speech, action, combat

Wayang Kulit

Numerous sets of finely carved and painted puppets, made from water buffalo. They're used for shadow plays.

Lando

Reconstructed genre of Afro-Peruvian music

Zampona

Refers to panpipes, a set of end-blown bamboo rubes lased together, each tube produces a particular pitch.

Srimpi

Refined court dance, usually by four female dancers.

Qin

Seven-stringed zither with an ancient design

Javanese vs. Balinese Gamelan

Similarities: Both use the slendro and pelog tuning system. Differences: Java is slow tempoed and soft sounding utilizing soft instruments, gambang etc. The dynamics of the song rarely change, which creates a serenity. Bali music is vigorous and percussive. Java music is very quiet while Bali is dramatic and turbulent.

Quichua Sanjuan vs African-Ecuadorian Sanjuan

Similarities: Their beats may be identical. Their beats tend to neighbor each other and be very close to an isorhythm pattern. Differences: Their patterns are rarely identical. Afr-Ec also utilizes a weak-beat accent and syncopation where Quichua never utilizes that.

Son Cubano

Style of music/dance that originated in Cuba. Its structure consists of Spanish Cancion, Spanish guitar, with African rhythms and percussion instruments of Bantu origin.

Bimodality

The simultaneous use of two distinct pitch collections

Bandoneon

Type of concertina popular in Argentina, and Uruguay.

Slendro

a five-tone system made up of nearly equidistant intervals

Pelog

a seven-tone system made up of large and small intervals.

Shan'ge

outdoor songs for agricultural work, flirting, and courting

Onomatopoeic Syllables

syllables that sound like the sounds they represent