4.2.B IPv6 Address
How can you express IPv6 more concisely?
-Leading zeros can be omitted in each section -Addresses with consecutive zeros can be expressed more concisly by substituting a double-colon for the group of zeros. -If an address has more than one consecutive location where one or more quartets are all zeros, only one location can be abbreviated.
What is the structure of IPv6 addresses? (3)
-The address is made up of 32 hexadecimal numbers, organized into 8 quartets. -The quartets are separated by colons. -Each quartet is represented as a hexadecimal number between 0 and FFFF. Each quartet represents 16-bits of data (FFFF = 1111 1111 1111 1111).
What is an interface ID?
Addresses are assigned to interfaces (network connections), not to the host. Technically, the interface ID is not a host address.
What is a reserved IPv6 address?
Addresses beginning with 00 have been reserved for use by the IETF (Internet Engineering Task Force). This reserved block is at the top of the address space and represents only a small portion of the total IPv6 address space.
What prefix does multicast have?
All multicast addresses have a FF00::/8 prefix.
What must all nodes have?
All nodes must have at least one link-local address, although each interface can have multiple addresses.
What makes a unicast address an anycast address?
An anycast address is the same as a unicast address. Assigning the same unicast address to more than one interface makes it an anycast address. When you assign an anycast address to an interface, you must explicitly identify the address as an anycast address (to distinguish it from a unicast address).
What can anycast addresses be used to do?
Anycast addresses can be used to locate the nearest server of a specific type, for example the nearest DNS or network time server.
What is global routing prefix?
Because addresses are allocated based on physical location, the prefix generally identifies the location of the host. The 64-bit prefix is often referred to as the global routing prefix.
Which netsh ipv6 show command allows a user to view address configurations for all addresses in IPv6? A - list B - type C - config D - addresses
D - addresses
What did the Unique Local address replace?
Earlier IPv6 specifications defined a site-local address that was not globally unique and had a FEC0::/10 prefix. The site-local address has been replaced with the unique local address.
What is the prefix for multicast addresses that are all nodes on the local link? This is the equivalent of the IPv4 subnet
FF02::1 is for all nodes on the local link. This is the equivalent of the IPv4 subnet broadcast address. FF01::1 is for all interfaces on a node.
What is the prefix for multicast addresses that are
FF02::1:2 is for all DHCP servers or DHCP relay agents on the local link. DHCP relay agents forward these packets to other subnets.
What is the prefix for multicast addresses that are routers on the local link and node?
FF02::2 is for all routers on the local link. FF01::1 is for all routers on the node.
In Unique local addresses what are the final 16 bits indicating?
Following the Global ID, the remaining 16-bits in the prefix are used for subnet information.
After the prefix, what are thenext 40 bits used for with unique local addresses?
Following the prefix, the next 40-bits are used for the Global ID. The Global ID is generated randomly such that there is a high probability of uniqueness on the entire Internet.
What are the three types of Unicast?
Global Link-local Unique local
What is a global unicast?
Global unicast addresses are addresses that are assigned to individual interfaces that are globally unique (unique throughout the entire Internet). Currently, ISPs assign global unicast addresses with a 2000::/3 prefix (this includes any address beginning with a 2 or a 3).
Who assigns the Interface ID?
In most cases, individual interface IDs are not assigned by ISPs, but are rather generated automatically or managed by site administrators.
Are Interface IDs unique?
Interface IDs must be unique within a subnet, but can be the same if the interface is on different subnets.
How does LLMNR work without DNS?
LLMNR is used to resolve single-label hostnames with or without a DNS server. If name resolution to the DNS server fails, the client then uses LLMNR to try and resolve the hostname.
What resolves local host names?
LLMNR uses multicast messages (also known as multicast DNS) to resolve local host names. \
What is LLMNR?
Link-local Multicast Name Resolution (LLMNR) is a name resolution protocol that provides peer-to-peer name resolution when DNS is unavailable.
What is a Link-local Unicast address?
Link-local addresses (also known as local link addresses) are addresses that are valid on only the current subnet.
What are local-link unicast addresses used for?
Link-local addresses are used for automatic address configuration, neighbor discovery, or for subnets that have no routers.
What prefix do link-local unicast addresses have?
Link-local addresses have a FE80::/10 prefix. This includes any address beginning with FE8, FE9, FEA, or FEB.
What is a multicast address?
Multicast addresses represent a dynamic group of hosts. Packets sent to a multicast address are sent to all interfaces identified by that address. By using a different multicast address for different functions, only the devices that need to participate in the particular function will respond to the multicast.
What is the prefix for multicast addresses that are restricted to the local link?
Multicast addresses that are restricted to the local link only have a FF02::/16 prefix. Packets starting with FF02 are not forwarded by routers.
On Ethernet networks how can the Interface ID be automatically genrated?
On Ethernet networks, the interface ID can be automatically derived from the MAC address. Using the automatic host ID simplifies administration.
What can parts in the prefis represent?
Parts in the prefix can identify the geographic region, the ISP, the network, and the subnet.
What are the 2 parts of a IPv6 address?
Prefix Interface ID
What are the six address types in IPv6?
Reserved Unicast Multicast Anycast Loopback Unspecified
How do routers handle local link addresses?
Routers never forward packets destined for local link addresses to other subnets.
What maps an IPv6 DNS host bame to an IP address?
The AAAA record
What is an anycast address type?
The anycast address is a unicast address that is assigned to more than one interface, typically belonging to different hosts. An anycast packet is routed to the nearest interface having that address (based on routing protocol decisions).
What is a loopback address? What can it be used for?
The local loopback address for the local host is 0:0:0:0:0:0:0:1 (also identified as ::1 or ::1/128). The local loopback address is not assigned to an interface. It can be used to verify that the TCP/IP protocol stack has been properly installed on the host.
What is prefix length?
The prefix length identifies the number of bits in the relevant portion of the prefix. To indicate the prefix length, add a slash (/) followed by the prefix length number. Full quartets with trailing 0's in the prefix address can be omitted (for example 2001:0DB8:4898:DAFC::/64).
What is an unspecified address and what is it used for?
The unspecified address is 0:0:0:0:0:0:0:0 (also identifies as :: or ::/128). The unspecified address is used when there is no IPv6 address. It is typically used during system startup when the host has not yet configured its address. The unspecified address should not be assigned to an interface.
What is the IPv6 equivalent to broadcast addresses?
There are no broadcast addresses in IPv6. IPv6 multicast and anycast addresses are used instead of broadcast addresses.
What is a unicast IPv6 address?
Unicast addresses are assigned to a single interface for the purpose of allowing that one host to send and receive data. Packets sent to a unicast address are delivered to the interface identified by that address.
Are Unique Local addresses globally routable?
Unique local addresses are globally unique, but are not globally routable. Unique local addresses might be routed between sites by a local ISP.
What is a Unique Local Unicast address?
Unique local addresses are private addresses used for communication within a site or between a limited number of sites.
What do unique local addresses prefix begin with?
Unique local addresses have a FC00::/7 prefix. Currently, however, the 8th bit is always set to 1 to indicate that the address is local (and not global). Thus, addresses beginning with FC or FD are unique local addresses.
What must you do when you assign an anycast address to an interface?
When you assign an anycast address to an interface, you must explicitly identify the address as an anycast address (to distinguish it from a unicast address).
Is LLMNR enabled by default?
Yes, It can be disabled by adding a registry setting to each client.
What type of anycast addresses can you have?
You can have link-local, unique local, or global unicast anycast addresses.
How can you use LLMNR?
You can use LLMNR to create ad hoc networks, or to find hosts on the local subnet without the use of a DNS server. LLMNR replaces the NetBIOS broadcast capabilities, but requires LLMNR-capable hosts.
What is an interface?
netrwork connection
What is the prefix for multicast addresses that are restricted to a single node?
with a FF01::/16 prefix
Does IPv6 usr PTR records?
yes
