5-6

Which of the following about ordinal data is TRUE? -An ordinal scale implies order but not identity. -The attribute being measured must possess the ordinal property to allow ordinal scaling that is meaningful. -With an ordinal scale we can say the difference between the first and second is the same as the difference between the second and the third. -The calculation of means is appropriate with ordinal data. -Grade point average is a good example of an ordinal scale.

-The attribute being measured must possess the ordinal property to allow ordinal scaling that is meaningful.

Appropriate measurement level for "I feel loyal to Target" is Ordinal Nominal Ratio Interval None of these are correct.

INTERVAL

The magnitude of the differences in objects is shown when which types of scales are used? Interval or ordinal Ratio or ordinal Ordinal or nominal Interval or ratio Nominal or interval

Interval or ratio

What characteristic must a scale possess in order for the researcher to compute the ratio of the magnitude of the numbers? It must have an arbitrary zero point. The range of the absolute scale intervals must be divisible by two. It must use only integers. It must have an absolute zero point. The modal ratio must be greater than two.

It must have an absolute zero point

Which one is a measure of central tendency? Median Frequency Variance Standard deviation Range

MEDIAN

Which of the following scales is reflected by an attribute of an object that represents a non-ordered classification? -Nominal -Ordinal -Interval -Ratio -Conscious

Nominal

What factor determines which level of measurement is possible? Properties of the attribute Objects being measured Quantities of attributes of objects Quantities of objects being measured Variance among attributes

Properties of the attribute

Which one is a measure of variability? Range Mean Mode Sample Size Parameter

RANGE

Sales is an example of Ratio-quantitative data Ordinal-qualitative data Interval-quantitative data Nominal-qualitative data None of these are correct.

RATIO QUANTITATIVE DATA

When using the ordinal scale, the chosen number scale reflects the relative standing of the different options for that particular individual. TF

TRUE

The ordinal scale represents a higher level of measurement than the nominal scale in that -the assigned numerals serve to identify the objects. -the magnitude of the differences in the objects is shown. -the assigned numerals represent the order as well as identifying the object. -it has a natural zero. -it has an arbitrary zero.

the assigned numerals represent the order as well as identifying the object.

We cannot perform any arithmetic operation on nominal(qualitative) data. TF

TRUE

Which of the following is TRUE? The recording of a respondent's social class using the categories upper, middle, and lower represents the use of a nominal scale. An ordinal scale can be transformed in any manner possible provided that the basic ordering of the objects is maintained. When the scale has an arbitrary zero point, it makes sense to say that A is twice as much as B. Interval scales possess an absolute zero point whereas ordinal scales do not. All of these are false.

An ordinal scale can be transformed in any manner possible provided that the basic ordering of the objects is maintained.

Which of the following is the most complete description of permissible measures of central tendency for an interval scale? Arithmetic mean, median, mode Geometric mean, mode, median Median, mode Arithmetic mean, geometric mean Mode, arithmetic mean

Arithmetic mean, median, mode

Which of the following is (are) permissible measure(s) of central tendency with ratio scales? Arithmetic mean, median, and mode Geometric mean Median and mode Both geometric mean as well as arithmetic mean, median, and mode Both geometric mean as well as median and mode

Both geometric mean as well as arithmetic mean, median, and mode

A variable is a characteristic that is measured and cannot take on different values. TF

FALSE

Any scale or other measurement instrument that actually measures what it was intended to measure is said to have reliability. TF

FALSE

It is possible to compare the absolute magnitude of numbers when measurement is made on the basis of an interval scale. TF

FALSE

Random error affects the measurement in a constant way. TF

FALSE

One hundred sports writers are given a survey and asked to rank basketball players on categories such as rebounding, points scored, and assists. The results of the survey indicate that most sports writers agree on the top ten players within the given categories. This is evidence of reliability. validity. random error. response error. systematic error.

RELIABILITY

Which of the following is FALSE? -It is true about psychological measurement that the situation in which the measurement is obtained can affect the score obtained. -Random error is also known as constant error. This is due to the fact that there are typically an equal number of positive and negative errors that yield a constant sum. -The validity of a measurement instrument refers to the extent to which differences in scores reflect true differences among entities on the characteristic that the instrument seeks to measure. -All of these are false. -None of these are false.

Random error is also known as constant error. This is due to the fact that there are typically an equal number of positive and negative errors that yield a constant sum.

Which of the following is FALSE? If a measure is reliable, it is not heavily influenced by transitory factors that cause random errors. -If an item lacks correlation with other scale items measuring the same construct, there is evidence that the item does not belong and should be deleted. -Systematic error is due to temporary aspects of the person or measurement situation, which affects the measurement in irregular ways. -Reliability is necessary, but not sufficient, for establishing the validity of a measure. -If a set of items all measure the same construct, the responses to the items should be correlated.

Systematic error is due to temporary aspects of the person or measurement situation, which affects the measurement in irregular ways.

A parameter is a numerical descriptive measure of a population which is unknown TF

TRUE

A sample is a portion or subset of a population selected from the population. TF

TRUE

A statistic is a numerical descriptive measure of a sample which is known. TF

TRUE

A useful property of all scales above the nominal level of measurement is that of order. TF

TRUE

All arithmetic operations are allowed for ratio - quantitative data TF

TRUE

Error in measurement is also known as constant error because it affects the measurement in a constant way is called systematic error. TF

TRUE

The most common approach to measuring attitudes is to obtain self-reports from respondents. TF

TRUE

Which of the following is FALSE? With a ratio scale, it is possible to have zero amount of some attribute. There are few psychological constructs that can reasonably be assumed to have a natural or absolute zero. When using a ratio scale, it is inappropriate to calculate a mean score. None of these are false. All of these are false.

When using a ratio scale, it is inappropriate to calculate a mean score.

You should use the highest level of measurement possible when developing a measure for some attribute because -higher levels have more properties. -there are more kinds of analysis available than at lower levels of measurement. -it is easier to use higher levels of measurement. -higher levels have more properties and there are more kinds of analysis available at lower levels of measurement. -None of these are correct; you should use the lowest level of measurement possible when developing a measure for some attribute.

higher levels have more properties and there are more kinds of analysis available at lower levels of measurement.

In a recent survey, those who brushed their teeth often under-reported the activity, while those who brushed their teeth less frequently over-reported their dental hygiene behavior. The possible cause for differences in scores could best be attributed to -a true difference in the characteristic being measured. -differences due to situational factors. -differences due to temporary personal factors. -true differences in other relatively stable characteristics of the individuals. -differences due to variations in administration.

true differences in other relatively stable characteristics of the individuals.