5 and 6
Which Data Flow Diagram does not have data stores? Context diagram Level 0 diagram Level 1 diagrams Level 2 diagrams Process Diagram
Context diagram
Data (like Year-to-date totals) that come from a data store and are used in a process (like 'Calculate YTD Totals') and then the updated amounts are written back to the data store - can be drawn on a DFD model as a two-headed arrow. True False
False
An ERD is a picture that shows how data and information is processed and transformed by a business system. True False
False
An entity is described by an action verb. True False
False
An illustration of the transformation of data into business value is an ERD. True False
False
CASE tools have 'data repositories'. True False
False
A data model can __________: Illustrate return-on-investment, break-even point, and economic feasibility Represent actions or processes that occur in the to-be system Be used as a logical data model in analysis and as a physical data model in design Only be used in BPR situations Only be used with JAD sessions
Be used as a logical data model in analysis and as a physical data model in design
A process model is an informal way of showing the external entities, event triggers, inputs and outputs. True False
False
According to the authors "Process modeling - and the creating of PMPs in particular - is one of the most important skills needed by systems analysts". True False
False
Many business processes are too complex to be explained in one DFD. True False
True
Metadata is data about data. True False
True
A process model is: The output of the interviewing process The work plan The model that is produced by extreme prototyping The expanded and thoroughly balanced use case for a system A formal way of representing how a business system operates
A formal way of representing how a business system operates
Andrea is creating a diagram model for processes (without regard to whether it is computerized or a manual process). She is probably creating _______________. A physical process model A PMT (process management tool) model A logical process model A user process model A UML system case model
A logical process model
Vanessa has a data flow diagram with an item called 'Register for Class'. That item would be: A process A data flow A data store An external entity A process relationship
A process
Which of the following would be a 'black hole' error on a DFD? A process has no input A process has no output A process has four inputs and only three outputs Data moves directly from a data store from an external entity Two processes send data flows to the same data store
A process has no output
A data flow is: An activity or a function that is performed for some specific business reason A single piece of data A collection of data A trigger to a use case A person, organization or system outside of the system
A single piece of data
A process is: An activity of a function that is performed for some specific business reason A single piece of data within a system A collection of data within a system A person, organization or system that is external to the system A combination of function and the data it acts upon
An activity of a function that is performed for some specific business reason
Which Data Flow Diagram shows the entire system with its environment with only one process? Context Diagram Level 0 diagrams Level 1 diagrams Level 2 diagrams All DFDs show this
Context Diagram
Andrei has a diagram that shows only one process and external entities. He is developing a: Context diagram Use case diagram Level 0 diagram Level 1 diagram Level 2 diagram
Context diagram
Amy has created a context diagram. What one DFD component is probably not shown? Process Data flow UML Stage Data store External Entity
Data store
A process model can __________: Only document the as-is system Only document the to-be system Document both the as-is and the to-be system Only be used in BPR situations Only be used with JAD sessions
Document both the as-is and the to-be system
A 'black hole' error on a DFD is when a process creates output without an input. True False
False
The data stores on the DFD correspond to Major Steps Performed on a use case. True False
False
The level 0 diagram shows all the major processes (at the first level of numbering - like 1 through 4), the data stores, data flows, but does not show external entities. True False
False
t is possible to decompose level 1 processes even farther, so for example, process 2.1 on a Level 1 DFD might become 2.1A, 2.1B, 2.1C, etc. True False
False
James is developing a DFD. What would be a good name for him to use on a data flow from the Calculate Federal Withholding process to a data store called YTD Payroll Data? Move withholding to YTD storage Transfer fed taxes to YTD storage Calculation Result Federal Withholding Taxes Add amounts to YTD total
Federal Withholding Taxes
Data flow diagramming is: The only process modeling currently used A detailed description of data Almost the same as a flow chart Focused on the processes or activities that are performed A visual version of a use case
Focused on the processes or activities that are performed
Omar has a model with 85 entities. He can: Compress these into at most seven entity grouping units Group these into related subject areas Stop - he has all entities defined Sort the entities alphabetically Co-validate the entities with the level 2 DFD diagrams
Group these into related subject areas
What diagram will have sub-processes with numbers like 3.3.1, 3.3.2, 3.3.3 (etc) and also have flows coming in (or going out) that are not illustrated? Context diagram Level 0 diagram Gantt diagram Level 1 diagram Level 2 diagram
Level 2 diagram
Lines on an ERD diagram indicate: Hierarchies between processes Relationships among the data Plurality of data items Uniqueness of data items Primary keys
Relationships among the data
Processes in data flow diagramming are represented by: Rounded boxes Arrows Rectangles that is open on the right end Enclosed rectangles Circles
Rounded boxes
Ramesh has drawn a set of DFD's that are not properly balanced. This is probably a: Syntax error Semantic error Modeling error First law of conservation of data error Second law of conservation of data eror
Syntax error
The context diagram shows: Detailed processing logic All major processes All the data stores in the system The "big picture" of the system with external entities and only one process The system in context with all other systems in that department (for example, accounts payable, accounts receivable, etc.)
The "big picture" of the system with external entities and only one process
Mark has a data store called 'Items' and it includes all the items sold in a convenience store - sorted by UPC code with the retail price of the item. He has only one data flow called 'Item Details' that flows from the data store to the Process Checkout process. What will be true in this case? This is incorrect as every data store must have both inputs and outputs This is incorrect as every process must have both inputs and outputs This is incorrect as the data flow should have a verb phrase like 'Get Item Details' This is incorrect as there is no way to update the 'Items' data store This is correct
This is correct
Brianna has a process has two inputs but only one output. This is an error as there needs to be the same amount of inputs as outputs This is an error as process do not have inputs or outputs This is normal as all processes have two inputs and one output This is normal as all processes need at least one input and at least one output This is an error as processes only produce output
This is normal as all processes need at least one input and at least one output
A data model is a formal way of representing the data that are used and created by a business system. True False
True
A graphical illustration that shows the information that is created, stored and used by a business system would be an ERD. True False
True
A repository for data in DFDs is called a 'data store' Selected Answer: True False
True
A textbook-provided example of a 'full-service CASE' tool is Visible Analyst Workbench. True False
True
A well-constructed use case makes developing a data flow diagram fairly straightforward. True False
True
An analyst can read an ERD to discover the individual pieces of information in a system and how they are organized and related to each other. True False
True
An entity is the basic building block for a data model. True False
True
CRUD stands for create, read, update and delete and can be used to verify DFDs and ERDs. True False
True
Children processes collectively make up the parent process (but give more detail). True False
True
Context diagrams show the entire system in context with the environment (like external entities). True False
True
Data Flow diagramming is a tool for doing process modeling True False
True
Data modeling is an iterative process. True False
True
Data models can be either logical or physical. True False
True
Data stores are named with nouns and have an identification number and description. True False
True
Every process has a unique identification number, a name and a description. True False
True
Every process on a DFD must have at least one input data flow. True False
True
External entities are a person, organization, or system that is external to the system, but interacts with it. True False
True
In general, all process models will have as many level 1 diagrams as there are processes on the level 0 diagram. True False
True
One important principal in process modeling with DFD's is the decomposition on the business processes into a series of DFD's. True False
True
Process models can be used with either 'as-is' systems or 'to-be' systems. True False
True
The normal order of processes would be: requirements gathering, use case development, process modeling (data flow diagrams). True False
True
The purpose of the Level 0 DFD is to show all the major high-level processes of the system and how they are interrelated. True False
True
The second law of conservation of data states: "Processes cannot consume or create data". True False
True
The relation between use cases and data flow diagrams is generally: Use cases are developed by users and data flow diagrams are developed by systems analysts Data flow diagrams are developed first and then use cases ensue Correct Use cases are developed first and then data flow diagrams ensue Use cases show logical processes, while data flow diagrams show physical processes There is not a relationship between use cases and data flow diagrams
Use cases are developed by users and data flow diagrams are developed by systems analysts
Independent entities are: When a child requires attributes from the parent When there is only one entity for a data process model When an entity can exist without the help of another entity Where the entity identifier is also the primary key When a entity comes from an external source (aka 'external entity'
When an entity can exist without the help of another entity
A(n) _____ entity cannot exist without the presence of another entity and is normally on the "many" end of a relationship or has an identifier that is based on another entity's attribute. independent incomplete dependent variable non-complying
dependent
A(n) _____ entity is an entity at the "1" end of a relationship or an entity with an identifier that describes only the entity. dependent incomplete independent intersection non-identifying
independent
What diagram will have processes with one decimal place (like 3.1, 3.2, and 3.3) and might have flows coming in (or going out) that are not illustrated? Context diagram Level 0 diagram Correct Level 1 diagram UML state diagram Level 0 diagram
level 1 diagram
A logical data model that does not lead to repeating fields and that the data models leads to tables containing fields that are dependent on the whole identifier is in _____ normal form. balanced first primary second third
second
Processes should be named with a verb and ending with a noun (like Calculate Sales Tax). True False
True
ERD's and DFD's are two techniques for data modeling. True False
False
Jack is developing an ERD for a small dental practice office patient record system. The dental practice has three dentists, six hygienists, and many patients. A patient is always assigned to the same dentist for all appointments. In particular, he is working on the relationship between dentists and patients. Should it be: 1 to 1, with a modality of null 1 to many with a modality of not null Many to many with a modality of null Many to many with a modality of not null 1 to many with a modality of null
1 to many with a modality of not null
On your level 0 diagram you have a process #2 and when you create a level 1 diagram for process #2, you might have processes like: 2.1, 2.2, 2.3 2-1, 2-2, 2-3 2A, 2B, 2C 2-A, 2-B, 2-C 2-initial, 2-main, 2-end
2.1, 2.2, 2.3
A data model is a: The mathematical model of formulas and logic used in a system The abstract creating of an ideal system transformation The model that is produced by extreme programming The expanded, thoroughly balanced and normalized use case for a system A formal way of representing the data that are used and created by a business system
A formal way of representing the data that are used and created by a business system
A payroll data flow diagram has a data-store called Accumulated Salary Data. At one stage in the DFD, a process "Calculate YTD-Taxes" gets data from that data store, updates it in the process, and writes it back out. The diagram should show: A single line with arrows on both ends labeled YTD Payroll Details A dashed line with arrows on both ends labeled YTD Payroll Details Correct A line out of the data store labeled: Current YTD Payroll Details; and a line into the data store labeled: Updated YTD Payroll Details Two separate data flow lines but each with the same name YTD Payroll Details Two dashed lines but each with the same name of YTD Payroll Details
A line out of the data store labeled: Current YTD Payroll Details; and a line into the data store labeled: Updated YTD Payroll Details
An external entity is: An activity or a function that is performed for some specific business reason A single piece of data A collection of data A trigger to a use case A person, organization or system outside of the system
A person, organization or system outside of the system
A data flow is: An activity of a function that is performed for some specific business reason Correct A single piece of data within a system A collection of data within a system A person, organization or system that is external to the system A combination of function and the data it acts upon
A single piece of data within a system
Decomposing a DFD means: Balancing the processes so that each process has three and only three sub-processes Breaking complex processes into a structured set of detailed diagrams Doing a walk through on the entire DFD structure with all the analysts on the project team Taking lower levels of process refinement and aggregating them into a major system Making sure that all data stores are shown on each child DFD diagram
Breaking complex processes into a structured set of detailed diagrams
Balance occurs between DFDs and ERDs when the data stores _____ Are uniquely named Have only one input and one output flow Are named the same as the relationships on the ERD Can be compared to ERD data flows and attributes on the ERD are included in data stores on the DFD Can be equated to entities on the ERD and when entities are referred to by data stores on the DFD
Can be equated to entities on the ERD and when entities are referred to by data stores on the DFD
On an ERD _________________: Processes are listed alphabetically with relationship connections drawn between processes Data elements are listed alphabetically with a cross listing to the processes that manipulate them Data elements are described as singular (1:1); plurals (1:N); or didactic (M:N) Data elements are grouped in a hierarchical structure that is uniquely identified by number Data elements are listed together and place inside boxes called entities.
Data elements are listed together and place inside boxes called entities.
Which of the following is NOT correct? Every set of DFD's must have one context diagram Every process is wholly and completely described by the processes on its children DFD's Every process must be broken down farther on Level 1 and Level 2 diagrams Every data store has at least one input data flow someplace in the entire DFD system Every process has a unique name that is a action oriented verb phrase
Every process must be broken down farther on Level 1 and Level 2 diagrams
Data cannot go from one process to another process without going to a data store first True False
False
Data flow diagrams (as the name implies) focus on the physical data in a system. True False
False
Data flows are named with verb phrases (like 'Move Payroll Information to Payroll Database'). True False
False
Data that is moving from a process to another process is called a 'data stream'. True False
False
During the analysis phase, analysts create programming models to represent how the business system will operate. True False
False
ERD's and DFD's are two techniques for process modeling. True False
False
Process models are only used to document the current system (that is, the "as-is" system), since that is the system the users know and is the system that will be modified.\ True False
False
Processes in DFDs are shown as circles in the Gane and Sarson notation. True False
False
Ruth is an analyst. On her DFD diagram she has just placed a process. She will Give it a verb phrase name, like 'search inventory' Give it a noun description phrase, like 'Inventory-process-1' Give it only a number - and depending on whether it is a major process (a whole number) or a subsidiary process (a whole number with a decimal point and value - like 1.3) Give it a sentence name, like 'Customer arrives at checkout counter' Use whatever process she feels comfortable with - as long as she is consistent
Give it a verb phrase name, like 'search inventory'
Which would be the normal order of tasks? Requirements gathering, creating DFDs, creating use cases Creating use cases; creating DFD, holding JAD sessions Interviewing and/or JAD sessions; creating use cases; creating data flow diagrams Doing BPR, analyzing documents, creating DFDs, creating use cases Doing activity elimination, doing use cases, doing DFDs
Interviewing and/or JAD sessions; creating use cases; creating data flow diagrams
An entity: Is the association between two related processes Has cardinality (1:1, 1:N, or M:N) Shows if it can be null or no null Is a person, place or thing Is described with a verb phrase
Is a person, place or thing
An entity relationship diagram (ERD): Is a use-case diagram enhanced graphically to show data and process modeling Is a high-level CASE diagram of data modeling used in business systems Is an illustration of external data flows to and from a business systems Is a picture that shows the information that is created, stored and used by a business system Is a graphical display of the processes in a business system
Is a picture that shows the information that is created, stored and used by a business system
Chunxia is balancing her DFD. This means she is: Making sure that all information presented at one level is accurately represented in the next level Making sure that each data store has at least one input data flow and at least one output data flow Making sure that each process has at least one input data flow and at least one output data flow Making sure that all processes start with action verb phrases Making sure that all data flows have noun names
Making sure that all information presented at one level is accurately represented in the next level
Anthony is working on the cardinality of doctors and patients in a large urban hospital. With the large number of doctors with varying specialties and patients that may have more than one aliment, he thinks the relationship might be noted as: 1 to 1 1 to 2 1 to many Many to many Many to 1
Many to many
Information in the data dictionary is called: _______________ Metadata Cached information Compiled data Data repository File silo
Metadata
Logical process models are: Models that describe processes without suggesting how they are conducted Coded logic models Models based upon implementing the if-then-else programming structure Developed by the infrastructure analyst Created in the system walkthough
Models that describe processes without suggesting how they are conducted
Tom is trying to change his Use Case into a Data Flow Diagram. He has found that a use case step generally is the same as a ________ on the Level 1 Data flow diagram. Process External Entity Data flow Internal Entity Data store
Process
Andrew, an analyst for PaxMedia Inc, has just learned that the business rules for a system he has been working on have changed. This means that _____. Nothing - once the ERD data models have been drawn, they are 'frozen' for the system Andrew will be reassigned to a different project that is in its beginning stages The ERD components will have to be changed The ERD data model will have to be put on hold while new DFD diagrams are created The project will have to be scrapped and restarted
The ERD components will have to be changed
Carlos has a Level 0 DFD diagram where one of the external entities is the "Internal Revenue Service" - and he has a data store called "Tax Rate Table". He has drawn a data flow arrow from the Internal Revenue Service to the data store as the data has been loaded into the Tax Rate Table prior to the processing. What would be true? This is correct This is incorrect, 'data at rest stays at rest until moved by a process' so he needs a process (like 'load Tax Rate Table') first in this system This is incorrect - he doesn't need a data flow as the data was loaded into the Tax Rate Table someplace else (within the payroll system someplace, but not in this process) This is almost correct. The correct diagram would be a dashed line indicating that the loading of the data was implied prior to the start of this process This is incorrect. What should happen is an 'external process' should be called at the start of the process - like "Call IRS for data load"
This is incorrect - he doesn't need a data flow as the data was loaded into the Tax Rate Table someplace else (within the payroll system someplace, but not in this process)
The relationship between use cases and data flow diagrams is: Use cases tend to be developed with users to make sure the analyst has fully captured the processes and relationships; DFD's are built upon the use cases to more fully formally understand the processes involved Both are tools in a systems analysts toolbox, although they do unrelated things Use cases are developed by users exclusively; while DFD's are developed by analysts exclusively Use cases come out of JAD sessions and clarify what was discussed by users in those sessions; DFD's come out of analysts interviews. They are the same thing - use cases are process models using the DeMarco and Yourdon notation; and DFD's are process models using the Gane and Sarson notation.
Use cases tend to be developed with users to make sure the analyst has fully captured the processes and relationships; DFD's are built upon the use cases to more fully formally understand the processes involved
Data flow diagrams are: Usually created by users and reviewed by analysts Usually jointly created by analysts and users Usually created by the project team and reviewed by users for correctness Usually created by the project champion and reviewed by the project team Usually created by business analyst and reviewed by the infrastructure analyst
Usually created by the project team and reviewed by users for correctness
Modality refers to: Relationships of one-to-one; one-to-many; or many-to-many Whether a child entity can exist with or without a related instance in the parent entity The hierarchical structure that was developed in process models applied to data models The number of attributes generated by an entity Whether the entity has a unique identifier (aka 'primary key') or a concatenated identifier (aka 'composite key')
Whether a child entity can exist with or without a related instance in the parent entity
