5.2

Concordat

-A Concordat is a agreement between two parties to develop a beneficial relationship. -Napoleon Bonaparte signed a concordat with Pope Pius VII to maintain a relationship between church and state. -The government recognized the influence of the Church, but rejected the Church control in national affairs.

Blockade

-A blockade was the use of troops or ships to prevent commercial traffic from entering or leaving a city or region. -Napoleon set up a blockade to block trade routes between Britain and other countries in Europe. -Napoleon did this because if he could block Britain from getting supplies it would make the war easier won by France.

Coup D'etat

-A coup D'etat was a sudden overthrow of government by rebellion or illegal force. -A coup D'etat is different than a revolution because a revolution is rebelling against an entire government while a Coup D'etat is against a particular leader. -One example was in France in 1851 was Napoleon Bonaparte overthrew and dissolved the French National Assembly.

Congress of Vienna

-A series of meetings in Vienna, known as the Congress of Vienna. -They were called to set up policies to achieve this goal. The Congress of Vienna was scheduled to last for four weeks but went on for eight months. -Caused after the exile of Napoleon and the need for a new form of government.

Plebiscite

-After Napoleon pretended to be the constitutionally chosen leader of the free republic. -In 1800 a plebiscite, or vote of the people was used to approve a new constitution. -Because Napoleon was such a bad leader the people were desperate for strong leadership, the people voted for the new constitution. -The Constitution gave Napoleon all the power.

Elba

-Elba was was the island in the Mediterranean Sea where Napoleon Bonaparte was fist exiled to. -Napoleon was exiled to Elba because of the Treaty of Fontainebleau. -Napoleon was exiled twice but he was exiled to two different

Continental System

-In November 1806 Napoleon set up a blockade and closed the ports to control the trade and communication between Great Britain and other European nations. Napoleon called this system the Continental System. -He called it this because it was supposed to make continental Europe more self sufficient. -Another goal was to destroy Great Britain's commercial and industrial economy/

Legitimacy

-Legitimacy is the hereditary right for a monarch to rule -This was used when a King had a son and that son became the heir to the throne which means that he would eventually become a monarch. -This system did;t really work because there were multiple times when a monarch had many children which could lead to civil war.

Lycees

-Lycees were government made public schools -Open to all male students no matter what race' background, or other features they had. They just had to be male. -The schools trained men for many careers but mostly soldiers, lawyers, and doctors. -Some students with especially high grades were granted government positions. -These schools were a good way to make France a better nation.

Grand Army

-Napoleon's army of 600,000 men which was very powerful up to the failed invasion of Russia -Napoleon used this army in his quests to conquer the world.

Hundred Day's

-The Hundred Days was the last attempt by Napoleon Bonaparte to gain total power. -When news of King Louis XVII's troubles reached Napoleon, he decided to make another attempt for power. -Napoleon became Emperor again but the European allies quickly marshaled their armies, led by the Duke of Wellington. -The British assisted by the Prussians were able to destroy Napoleon's troops

Peninsular War

-The Peninsular War was the war between Spain and France which was led by Napoleon Bonaparte. -When the Congress of Vienna restored the king to the Spanish throne, royalist peninsular tried to regain control. -The Spanish Rebellion with the aid of British troops attempted to drive the French troops out of France.

Nationalism

-The belief that people should be loyal mainly to their nation under all circumstances. -They are loyal to the culture and history rather than their king or empire. -Caused by the debates by Radicals, Liberals, and Conservatives

Waterloo

-Waterloo was a village in Belgium -Where Napoleon and England, led by the Duke of Wellington, battled and England won with the help of the Prussians. -This battle ended Napoleon's last bid for power.

Banking System

-set up by Napoleon -set up efficient tax collections and national banking system which ensured the government steady supply of tax money -This promoted financial management and better economy control

Napoleonic Code

-the civil code put out by Napoleon that granted equality of all male citizens before the law. -granted absolute security of wealth and private property. -Napoleon also secured this by creating the Bank of France which loyally served the interests of both the state and the financial oligarchy

Battle of Trafalgar

-the only major battle Napoleon lost -Battle of Trafalgar was a battle which was naval defeat -The battle took place off the coast of Spain. -This battle forced Napoleon to give up invading Britain because it was too dangerous. -He needed a new way to conquer Britain which would lead to his ending.

Scorched-Earth Policy

-the practice of burning crops and killing livestock during wartime so that the enemy cannot live off the land. - The Russians used this tactic against the French -This war tactic was smart because they could fight the enemy without even battling them.

How did Napoleon direct campaigns in Austria, Italy, and Egypt?

Napoleon directed campaigns by controlling the trade across Europe. He put up blockades so that supplies wouldn't reach countries that he didn't want to flourish. Napoleon also controlled Austria because he was put in a position of power in Austria which would make him a threat.

Why did Napoleon decide to sell the Louisiana Territory?

Napoleon sold the Louisiana Territory for multiple purposes. The first was that he needed money for the war with Britain and he gained 15 million dollars with this purchase. The second reason was that he knew that this exchange would make America a valuable ally for France. It would also mean that Britain could have a potential battle with the colonies which would be very advantageous for France.

Why did the Blockade strategy fail?

Napoleon's blockade failed because enemies completely disregarded the blockade and went around it. England's ships were stronger that France's and could attack if they wanted to.

How was the Peninsular War a failure?

The main reason that he lost the Peninsular War was that he waged war with too many groups. He was at war with Spain, Russia, Austria, and more. He didn't have the money or the troops to battle all these groups at once which led to his downfall.

What made the invasion of Russia a failure?

There were many reasons that the invasion of Russia was a failure. One of them was the fact that Napoleon did not plan that he would have to go all the way to Moscow to fight the Russians. He could not keep his men supplied and when they did fight the Russians they were not prepared.