5203 Final Exam

Mr. Michaels' high school English classes are in the process of reading Shakespeare's Macbeth. Early on, Mr. Michaels realized that many of his students were struggling with the text. As an intervention, Mr. Michaels provides direct instruction in which he teaches students to track their thinking as they read; notice when they lose focus; and stop, go back, and reread to enhance understanding. This research-supported practice is known as:

comprehension monitoring.

Mrs. Singleton teaches a class of second grade English language learners who are struggling with reading and writing in English. As much as possible, Mrs. Singleton capitalizes on the diverse, rich experiences that the students bring with them to the classroom. In doing so, Mrs. Singleton is emphasizing students':

cultural literacy.

Stephanie Biel is a 10th grade science teacher at a private school in Hawaii that has a mix of international boarding and local students. The international students tend to be more tech-savvy than the local students. Ms. Biel, having just graduated herself, is also a digital native. To maximize the student experience, Ms. Biel knows that she has to have the support and understanding of the parents. At her first parent-teacher conference, she realizes that most of the local parents are not digital natives and that coaching may be needed. She outlines a plan requesting parents to participate with their children in homework assignments. To assist parents, Ms. Biel announces a workshop based on best practices. The workshop will emphasize that parents.

engage in literacy activities with their children that balance technology and print skills.

Long staff members also plan to strengthen their professional development program for reading comprehension. Research states that this professional development should be:

extensive and formal.

After examining the research, the principal and staff members at Long High School have decided that their literacy program needs to be restructured. Currently, the school's literacy program is really not a program at all because little or no infrastructure exists to support it. In restructuring the program, the Long staff has decided to use recommendations from Reading Next as the guide for instructional and infrastructure improvements. As a part of the literacy program improvements, Long's staff plans to use a research-based approach to intensify writing instruction. With this approach, Long staff members will:

integrate reading and writing throughout the school day.

Mrs. Johnson is a fourth grade social studies teacher who wants to help her students refine their reading-to-learn skills. Research shows that the way for Mrs. Johnson to accomplish this is to make her classroom ____ and emphasize ____ and ____.

learner-centered; real-world situations; problem solving

According to Taylor, effective online communities of practice should:

send agendas to participants before a meeting.

The National Reading Panel recognized promising technology trends that can be used to strengthen the literacy skills of at-risk students. These trends included:

speech recognition capabilities, hypertext, and word processing.

Explicit vocabulary instruction occurs when students engage in:

teacher-led activities.

After examining the research, the principal and staff members at Long High School have decided that their literacy program needs to be restructured. Currently, the school's literacy program is really not a program at all because little or no infrastructure exists to support it. In restructuring the program, the Long staff has decided to use recommendations from Reading Next as the guide for instructional and infrastructure improvements. For the restructured literacy program to have its greatest impact, how should the school implement the recommendations?

A combination of instructional and infrastructure recommendations must be implemented to generate literacy program improvements at the school.

After examining the research, the principal and staff members at Long High School have decided that their literacy program needs to be restructured. Currently, the school's literacy program is really not a program at all because little or no infrastructure exists to support it. In restructuring the program, the Long staff has decided to use recommendations from Reading Next as the guide for instructional and infrastructure improvements. Statistics about low literacy cited in the Reading Next report helped to convince Long staff members to intensify student writing. According to data cited in Reading Next, what statement can be made about freshmen entering degree-granting, post-secondary institutions and their need for remedial writing courses?

Between 10% and 20% of entering freshmen require remedial writing.

What position did the National Reading Panel and Reading Next reports take on the use of technology to improve literacy?

Both reports cited technology for its positive impact on reading instruction and literacy development.

What generalization can be made based on the findings of brain-imaging research?

Brain research shows that evidence-based interventions change brain-activation patterns in unsuccessful readers.

A deficit in which critical reading area most likely inhibits the comprehension of adolescent readers?

Fluency

Garrett is a second grader for whom reading is a word-by-word struggle. He stumbles with sounding out and blending so much that he cannot recall what he has read. Garrett's teacher has determined that he needs to improve his fluency. According to the National Reading Panel report, what is the best strategy that Garrett's teacher can use to help him become a more fluent reader?

Guided oral reading

Use the scenario to answer the question. Ms. Tucker is a first grade teacher who follows the National Reading Panel recommendation that she provide "explicit and systematic" phonics instruction to her students. Based on the National Reading Panel report, how does Ms. Tucker ensure that her phonics instruction is systematic?

She follows a clearly defined sequence in teaching letter-sound relationships, applying those letter-sound relationships in reading words, and providing practice in reading words and stories.

Ms. Tucker is a first grade teacher who follows the National Reading Panel recommendation that she provide "explicit and systematic" phonics instruction to her students. Based on the National Reading Panel report, how does Ms. Tucker ensure that her phonics instruction is explicit?

She follows precise directions for modeling how to use letter-sound relationships to read words and to lead students through the process.

What does Marc Prensky say is the single biggest problem facing education today?

Students and teachers do not speak the same language.

Which statement is true of the new literacies?

The new literacies are dependent on critical print-world comprehension strategies.

The new paradigm in education that shifts the required skill set for literacy to include identifying important questions, locating information, critically evaluating information, synthesizing information, and communicating on the Internet, also recognizes that print-world literacies:

are still foundational.