6. Gene Sequencing
How many genes are in the human genome?
20,000-25,000
How many genes are in the mouse genome?
20,000-25,000
What is shotgun sequencing?
A rapid sequencing method that involves cutting DNA into random fragments then determining the base sequence in each fragment
What is Sanger sequencing?
Automated DNA sequencing with fluorescent dideoxynucleotides
What are homologous genes?
Genes with a common evolutionary origin
What is the potential future sequencing device?
MinION nanopore technology; a handheld gene sequencing device
What position and nucleotide results in an increased likelihood to develop schizoprenia?
Position 28662914 on chromosome 6. G/G increases likelihood of schizoprenia whilst A/G OR A/A decreases likelihood.
What is solid phase amplification?
Short fragments (50kb) of DNA are attached to a small chip and sequenced on the chip
What is the Human Genome Project?
an attempt to map the entire DNA sequence in the human genome.
What is the 1000 Genomes Project?
an attempt to sequence the genome of 1092 humans from different populations around the world
Why sequence DNA?
to measure genetic between and within different human populations and to see evolutionary patterns
What is 454 pyrosequencing?
1000s DNA molecules are attached to DNA polymerase beads in water and oil. The DNA is detected using fluorescent tags.
What are the benefits of sequencing the human genome?
Disease Association and inheritance, understand how genomes work and the variation amongst human populations
What is the speech gene?
FOXP2
What is the Out-of-Africa hypothesis?
It suggest that all modern humans decesnded from africa where there is the most gentic diversity today and this was around 30,000-100,000 years ago.
Name 3 ways to sequence DNA?
Shotgun sequencing 454 pyrosequencing Solid phase amplification
