6.7 Calcium Homeostasis: Interactions of Skeletal System with other Organ Systems
What are signs of hypocalcemia?
-difficulty coagulating -heart skips beats or stops -difficulty with muscle contraction -poor nerve function -brittle bones
What are signs of hypercalcemia?
-sluggish reflexes -constipation -low appetite -confusion -coma
What else does calcium do besides bone mineralization?
-tooth health -regulation of heart rate -blood coagulation -contraction of smooth and skeletal muscles -regulation of nerve impulse conduction
What's the normal level of calcium in the blood?
10 mg/dL
What happens when there are low levels of calcium in the blood?
Body releases calcium in the blood. PTG has calcium receptors that aren't getting calcium so it releases PTH that stimulates osteoclast proliferation and resorption of bone by osteoclasts. This releases calcium in blood. PTH promotes reabsorption of calcium in kidneys. Vitamin D stimulates calcium absorption from digested food in small intestine.
What are causes of hypocalcemia?
Diet and hormone issues
What regulates blood calcium levels
PTH, Vitamin D, and Calcitonin
What happens when there is too much calcium in the blood?
The body deposits calcium in bones. Thyroid gland releases calcitonin which inhibits osteoclast activity and stimulates calcium uptake by bones. It also lowers reabsorption of calcium by kidneys.
What's the most abundant mineral in the human body?
calcium
What is hypercalcemia?
high levels of calcium in the blood
What is hypocalcemia?
low levels of calcium in the blood