6th Six Weeks Interactive Notebook - world history (coach melton)

Topic 18.1,2,3,4,5

18.1 Ancien Regime -Outdated social system that has emerged in the Middle Ages. -under this everyone in France was divided into one of three estates. -the political and social system in France before the Revolution of 1789. Estates -there were three estates -the first estate was made up of the clergy, the second was made up of nobility and the third was the vast majority of the population. -the third estate was the only one that had to pay taxes and that caused problems for the government. Bourgeoisie -top people of the third estate -known as the middle class -included prosperous bankers, merchants, manufacturers, lawyers, doctors, journalists and professors. Deficit spending -occurs when a government spends more money than it takes in. -one of the causes to economic troubles and social unrest in France. -put France in depth. Estates-General -the legislative body consisting of representatives of the three estates, before making any changes. -called for because the heirs of Louis XIV weren't the right people to solve the economics problems in France and that created a crisis and pressure for reform. -a French king feared that nobles would use it to recover the feudal powers they had lost under absolute rule. Louis XVI -well-meaning but weak and indecisive. -he chose Jacques Necker as a financial advisor but didn't listen to his advise. -failure of reform. Jacques Necker -a financial advisor hired by Louis XIV. -urged the king to reduce extravagant court spending, reform government, and abolish burdensome tariffs on international trade. -first and second estates urged the king to ignore this advise. Cashier -notebooks listing the grievances of the three estates. -called for reforms such as fairer taxes, freedom of the press, or regular meetings of the estates-general. -for example, shoemakers denounced regulations that made leather so expensive they could not afford to make shoes. National Assembly -third estate took a daring step and decided to represent the people of France by declaring themselves the National Assembly. -they found their meeting hall locked and guarded, so fearing that the king planned to dismiss them, they moved to a nearby indoor tennis court. -they took their famous tennis court oath. Tennis Court Oath -Oath taken when members from the third estate were forced to move their meeting place to the indoor tennis court. -Promised to stay together until they came up with a just constitution. -made up of the third estate Bastille -storming of the Bastille 18.2 Who established a colony at Hong Kong? - Great Britain or England did. What did T'sai Lun invent? - paper Who built the first united Chinese empire? - Ch'in What religion is a major component of India's social system? - Hinduism What did Muslims establish in India? - Muslims established the Mogul Empire in India Who established the largest empire in history? - Genghis Khan What is the world's longest fortification? - Great Wall of China What is the world's oldest living civilization? - China What great ruler of the Maurya Empire controlled over two thirds of the Indian subcontinent? - Asoka What is the strict social system of India? - caste What is the population of China and India? - China's population is 1,382,710,000 or 1.38 billion - India's is 1,324,171,354 or 1.32 billion 18.3 Spain - The English completely defeated the navy of ___ in 1588. Mary Stuart - Which queen opposed John Knox in Scotland? Henry IV - The Edict of Nantes was issued by ____. giving some toleration to the Huguenots. "The Faerie Queen" - Which is not a work of William Shakespeare? Sir John Hawkins - Who did Queen Elizabeth employ to build up the English fleet? William Shakespeare - Who is perhaps he greatest writer of all time? Gaspard de Coligny, Henry of Navarre - Name one of the leaders of the French Huguenots. St. Bartholomew's Day Massacre - Name the horrible killing of thousands of Huguenots on August 24, 1572. henry IV - Who was the first Protestant king of France? Richelieu - What cardinal controlled the throne of France during the reign of Louis XIII? 18.4 Napoleonic code - Embodied enlightenment principles; applied to all areas innthe French Empire Annex - The Netherlands, Belgium, and parts of Italy and Germany Continental system - Economic warfare that closed European ports to English goods Guerilla warfare - Hit and run raids against the french Storched-earth policy - burn everything in their path so Napoleon's army cannot survive French army retreats to Moscow - Congress of Viana Diplomats and heads of states who met for 10 months facing the monumental task of restoring the stability and order in Europe after years of war; gathering of European leaders Concert of Europe the powers met periodically to discuss any problems affecting the peace of Europe how was Napoleon able to rise to power? - French was in chaos, they saw him as a leader, looked to him for guidance, nationalism, France had no government and was in a weak state what were the characteristics of Napoleon's Empire, and what challenges did it face? - fair, accepted reign, Plebiscite, consulate, oppressive, nationalism, overwhelmed, organized, secretive why do some people see Napoleon as a hero, and others see him as a tyrant? hero- french nationalist sentiment, reforms within the country and abroad tyrant-woman, continental system, censorship, foreign nationalism sentiment unaccepting of Napoleon's rule 18.5 Traders - minoans areas dedicated to gods and goddess - shrines sea traders - micineans Invaders - micineans micinea vs. troy - trojan war known to fight over the wife or water passages - trojan war conquered micineans - dorians Island - crete 1st ancient greek civilization - minoan Knosses - frescoes and shrines religious and culture - shrines lovers of wisdom - philosopher Polist - major city Monarchy - heredity ruler Aristocracy - land holding elite Oligarchy - small elite gain power by force - tyrans ruled by the people - democracy athens gov't - democracy won the persian war - greece greece won persian war because - they were unified Athens - most powerful peloponecian war - spartans vs. athens golden age - paracles Paracles - direct democracy military skills - spartans

America the story of Us Questions

America: The Story of Us World War II ~ Episode 10 What fledgling technology was ignored prior to the attack on Pearl Harbor? Why was it ignored? - Radar because it was a new not involved experiment. Why was the Pearl Harbor attack such a shock to the United States? - Japanese used the U.S. tactics What were the results of the attack on Pearl Harbor? - 8 ships put out of action. Describe America's transformation into "an arsenal of democracy." What new and lasting technologies were developed? What did these technologies come to symbolize? - Jeeps, tanks, atomic bomb, and radar. How did World War II affect women? - Women could do a man's job. How did the war advance the rights of women? - Women were nurses, and were allowed to join the army and navy. How did World War II impact the economy of the United States? - Started up again after the Great Depression How are making weapons as dangerous as using weapons? What are the human costs? - relatively inexpensive w/no human cost and not as much as weapons. it might enable weak states to attack stronger ones or possibility that they are better able to defend against them. this leads to a shift in the fofense-defense balance towards offense. also eay to conceal identity of attacker Describe the United States role in air combat over Europe during World War II? What are the risks of these missions? What new technologies are employed? - During industrialization, people began to leave farms and move closer to factories to find work. Cities were polluted and overcrowded, but as more people moved, improvements were made to the infrastructure. People were overworked and underpaid. Child labor was a problem and it wasn't until people organized and worked toward reform that the situation improved. New technology led to new types of warfare. Poison gas, submarines, and aircraft were used in combat for the first time in World War I. Opposing armies also used trench warfare to a greater extent than in earlier wars. Zeppelins dropped bombs on cities, U-boats sank ships, and poison gas caused severe side effects and death. These new technologies added to the high casualty rates of World War I. What are the results of bombing industrial targets near civilian homes? - Killing innocent civilians During World War II, the American Armed Forces were still segregated by race. Why do you think this issue became increasingly important during this era, leading to the desegregation of the Armed Forces a few years after the war? (Hint: You will need to come back to this question after the sequence on D-Day.) - Soldiers needed to work together no matter what color their skin was Describe the preparation for and execution of Operation Overlord (D-Day). - Operation Overlord was the codename for the Battle of Normandy, the Allied operation that launched the successful invasion of German-occupied Western Europe during World War II. The operation was launched on 6 June 1944 with the Normandy landings (Operation Neptune, commonly known as D-Day). Why was the invention of penicillin so important in the context of World War II? - The invention of penicillin was so important to the context of World War IIbecause it helps soldiers with the wounds and infections to fight them off. What were some of the other advances in medicine that were important during the war? - It prevented infections and kept soldiers alive Describe the development of the atomic bomb. Why were even the scientists who worked on the program skeptical about its effectiveness? - Hiroshima and Nagasaki What was the impact of using the atomic bomb on the cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki? - 120,000 people die instantly and more later. Overall, what were the consequences of World War II for the United States? - Lots of dead soldiers How was the United States changed by the war? - We were the richest country in the world. Other countries owed American more money then the united owed them

Topic 17

Black Shirts - any member of the militant combat squads of Italian Fascists set up under Mussolini March on Rome - planned march of thousands of Fascist supporters to take control of Rome; in response Mussolini was given the legal right to control Italy Totalitarain - government in which a one-party dictatorship regulates every aspect of citizen's live Fascism - any centralized, authoritarian government system that is not communist, whose polices glorify the state over the individual and are destructive to basic human rights Command Economy- system in which government officials make all basic economic decisions Collectives- large farm owned and operated by peasants as a group Kulak- peasants in the Soviet Union in the late 30s Gulag- in the Soviet Union, a system of forced labor camps in which million s of criminal and political prisoners were held under Stalin Comintern- Communist International, international association of communist parties led by the Soviet Union for the purpose of encouraging worldwide communist revolution Hyperinflation- an extremely rapid and sharp rise in prices that causes money to lose value Chancellor- the highest official of a monarch, prime minister Third Reich- official name of the Nazi party for its regime in Germany; held power from 33 to 45 Getap- secret police in Nazi German Nuremberg Laws- laws approved by the Nazi Parry in 35, depriving Jews of German citizenship and taking some rights away from them Communism- advocating class war and leading to a society in which all property is publicly owned and each person works and is paid according to their abilities and needs Russification- is a form of cultural assimilation process during which non-Russian communities, voluntarily or not, give up their culture and language in favor of the Russian one Weimar Republic- was the democratic government founded in Germany following Kaiser Wilhelm II's abdication near the end of War World 1 Mein Kampf- autobiographical book by Nazi Party leader Adolf Hitler Lebensraum- the territory that a state or nation believes is needed for its natural development, especially associated with Nazi Germany Kristallnacht- on this night, November 9, 1938, almost 200 synagogues were destroyed, over 8,000 Jewish shops were sacked and looted, and tens of thousands of Jews were removed to concentration camps Il Duce- the leader: applied especially to Benito Mussolini as head of the fascist Italian state

Topic 18 Vocab

Stalingrad - now Volgograd, a city in SW Russia that was the site of a fierce battle during WWII Allied Powers - Allied Powers. In World War I, the nations of Great Britain, France, Russia, the United States, and others that fought against the Central Powers; in World War II, the group of nations including Great Britain, France, the Soviet Union, and the United States, that fought against the Axis Powers. Winston Churchill - Winston Churchill (1874-1965) was born to British aristocracy and became prime minister of the British empire in 1940. Early on, he proclaimed the threats posed by Nazi Germany. His determination persuaded the country to defend itself against an encroaching enemy. D-Day - code name for June 6, 1944, the day that Allied forces invaded France during WWII Blitzkrieg - lightning war V.E. Day - Victory in Europe Day, May 8, 1945, the day the Allies won WWII in Europe Hiroshima - city in Japan where the first atomic bomb was dropped in August 1945 Island Hopping - Leapfrogging, also known as island hopping, was a military strategy employed by the Allies in the Pacific War against Japan and the Axis powers during WorldWar II. Nazi-Soviet Pact - agreement between Germany and the Soviet Union in 1939 in which the two nations promised not to fight each other and to divide up land in Eastern Europe Kamikaze - Japanese pilot who undertook a suicide mission Appeasement - policy of giving in to an aggressor's demands in order to keep the peace Dwight Eisenhower - Dwight Eisenhower (1890-1969) grew up poor and came from a hard-working family. During World War II, he was the American general who commanded the Allied forces in western Europe. "Ike" later served as the 34th president of the United States, from 1953-1961. Hideki Tojo - Hideki Tojo (1884-1948) was born in Tokyo and was a career military man. He was a general of the Imperial Japanese Army and the 40th prime minister of Japan during most of World War II, from 1941 to 1945. He was directly responsible for the attack on Pearl Harbor, and was arrested and sentenced to death for Japanese war crimes. Dunkirk - port in France from which 300,000 Allied troops were evacuated when their retreat by land was cut off by the German advance in 1940 Erwin Rommel - Erwin Rommel (1891-1944) was a career military officer and one of Hitler's most successful generals. He took his own life after a failed attempt to assassinate Hitler. Douglas MacArthur - Douglas MacArthur (1880-1964) led the Allied assaults in the Southwest Pacific. He also commanded troops in World War I and the Korean War. He became a general and army chief of staff during the Depression. Auschwitz - a group of three German concentration camps and extermination camps in southern Poland, built and operated during the Third Reich Luftwaffe - German air force Atlantic Charter - agreement in which Franklin Roosevelt and Winston Churchill set goals for the defeat of Nazi Germany and for the postwar world Yalta Conference - meeting between Churchill, Roosevelt, and Stalin in February 1945 where the three leaders made agreements regarding the end of World War II Holocaust - the systematic genocide of about six million European Jews by the Nazis in World War II Harry Truman - Harry Truman (1884-1972) was the vice president of the United States when Roosevelt died and became the 33rd president upon his death. After being in office for only a few months, Truman made the decision to drop atomic bombs on Japan. Franklin Roosevelt - Franklin D. Roosevelt (1882-1945) was the longest serving American president, elected to the office four times. Roosevelt was born into a wealthy family in New York and was a distant cousin of the early president Theodore Roosevelt. Elected in 1932, his first term as president focused on lifting America out of the Great Depression. He successfully passed legislation, crafting a massive package of economic and social programs, called the New Deal. During his third term, Roosevelt inspired many through his strong leadership during the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor and America's subsequent entry into World War II. He was elected to a fourth term in 1944, but his health deteriorated as the war came to an end. Roosevelt died in April 1945. ///// Franklin D. Roosevelt (1882-1945) was the longest serving American president, elected to the office four times. Roosevelt was born into a wealthy family in New York and was a distant cousin of the early president Theodore Roosevelt. Elected in 1932, his first term as president focused on lifting America out of the Great Depression. He successfully passed legislation, crafting a massive package of economic and social programs, called the New Deal. During his third term, Roosevelt inspired many through his strong leadership during the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor and America's subsequent entry into World War II. He was elected to a fourth term in 1944, but his health deteriorated as the war came to an end. Roosevelt died in April 1945. //// U.S. President that brought America through the great Depression and World War II Manhattan Project - code name for the project to build the first atomic bomb during WWII Sudetenland - a region of western Czechoslovakia Bataan Death March - during World War II, the forced march of Filipino and American prisoners of war under brutal conditions by the Japanese military Internment - confinement during wartime Nagasaki - Japanese city; on an island in its harbor, the Tokugawa shoguns in the 1600s permitted one or two Dutch ships to trade with Japan each year /////a coastal city in southern Japan on the island of Kyushu, where the second atomic bomb was dropped in August, 1945 Axis Powers - group of countries led by Germany, Italy, and Japan that fought the Allies in World War II Lend-Lease Act - act passed by the U.S. Congress in 1941 that allowed the president (FDR) to sell or lend war supplies to any country whose defense was considered vital to the United States Joseph Stalin - Joseph Stalin (1879-1953) (real name: Iosif Vissarionovich Dzhugashvili) adopted the name Stalin, meaning "man of steel," after he joined the Bolshevik underground. He was the sole ruler of the Soviet Union for 33 years. Stalin stood his ground against Hitler and refused to leave Moscow. He eventually forced the Germans into retreat.

Soviet Union under Stalin

The Soviet Union under Stalin (Use your Book) Group #1 Why did people line up in Moscow's historic Red Square in January 1924? To view lenons body What did the Communist party officials want with Lenin's body? What would it prove? To preserve his body - to show stain would carry on the goals of the revolution How did Lenin's burial end up? The communist party effictals won and his body was diesplayed for 65 years How did Stalin transform the Soviet Union The union was turned into a totalitarian state controled by a powerful and complex buracracy Group #2 What is a totalitarian state? A gov in which a one party dectationship regulates every aspect of citicanzens lifes What was the purpose of Stalin's "five-year" plans? It was to build heavy industries improve transportation and increSE farm output What did the government do to push workers and managers? They pushed workers and managers to reach there goals by giving bonuses to those who succeeded and punishing those who did not What rose across the Soviet Union between 1928 and 1939? Built large factories What is Lenin's New Economic Plan? (NEP) Lenin had allowed peasents to keep small plots of land under stalin peasents had to farm on state owned collectives they kept their houses Group #3 How did peasants resist colonization? Burned crops destioyed tools What did the government do to the kulaks and why? Saw they as ones trying to go against them so they killed them liquidadted the kulaks and sent them to laber camps or took their land What is the Terror Famine? Sarved the people bc peasents revolted and killed millions How did Stalin use terror? Used terror against his ppl had them sent to syberia and killed them off What is the Great Purge? Killed anyone that went against him rain of terror Group #4 What did Stalin do between 1936-1938? Saved a series of publish show trials in moskow How did Stalin "control" the hearts and minds of soviet citizens? Desripution probaganda sensering oppsing ideas replacing religion with comunist idealogy pushed russia ideas on other people What is Socialist Realism? Artistic style whos goal was to promote socializme socialist themeshad to show everyone as heros What is Russification? Imposing russian culture on diverse soviet impire Group #5 How did the communist party attempt to strengthen its hold on the minds of the people? Throught terror secret police torture and violent purging How did the communist destroy the social order? They erased all social classes and focused of 1 class - classless sociaty Who were the soviet elite? Industrial managers artists wrighters scientists What were some benefits of the soviet society under Stalin? Free madical care free daycare inexpensive housing public recreation What were some drawbacks of the soviet society under Stalin? Very little food and housing

Topic 17 & 18 Test Review

Topic 17 test review: Rise of Nazi Germany (Notes) The Weimar Republic had: The name given to the government in Germany established after WWI and ending with Hitler's ascension to power in 1933. The Weimar Republic was a fledgling democracy and great economic problems. It was also a time when the arts flourished and Germans experienced great social freedom. cabaret - Name given to nightclubs in Germany. diktat - A harsh penalty, an order. Germans referred to the Treaty of Versailles as diktat Treaty of Versailles - (1919) officially ended World War I and was signed at its namesake French palace after the Paris Peace Conference. It is noted for the "Big Four" (Woodrow Wilson, David Lloyd-George, Georges Clemenceau, and Vittorio Orlando) who headed the Allies' delegations and its controversial disarmament, war guilt, and reparations clauses. The conference was also notable for up-and-coming world figures who attended (Ho Chi Minh of Vietnam was there!) NAZI Party - Abbreviation for National Socialist German Workers' Party, led by Hitler from 1921 onward, rejected Treaty of Versailles, wanted to expand German borders, racist/antisemitic SDP - The Social Democratic Party in Germany, political party that supported democracy KDP - Communist Party in Germany during the Weimar Republic Brownshirts - Also known as the SA, or storm troopers, they wore brown shirts, acted as Hitler's militia in the early years of the Nazi Party, replaced by SS Bauhaus - A German style of architecture begun by Walter Gropius in 1918, modern architecture George Grosz - modern painter during Weimar Republic Reichstag - German Parliament Paul Hindenburg - (1847-1934) President of Weimar Germany, who appointed Hitler chancellor in 1933; formerly a general in World War I. Hitler listed principles behind Nazi ideology: Hitler blamed German defeat in WWI on Overview of Nazi Ideology - Many elements that made up Nazi ideology were already to be found in 19th and early 20th century thought. For example the belief in the superiority of the Aryan race, anti-Semitism, the cult of the leader, and the concept of the survival of the fittest. - Hitler brought his own belief in German nationalism to the NSDAP and drew on the discontent in post-war Germany to establish a new doctrine of Nazism. In 1920 his 25 point programme set out the principles of nationalism, racialism, anti-Semitism and community. In the 1920s and 19302 there was an increasing emphasis on anti-communism and anti-feminism, to need to prepare for war to combat communism and obtain living space in the east, and on the aims of achieving racial unity, the elimination of the Hews and total authoritarian control. - Ideology remained fluid throughout the 12 years of Nazi rule and was adapted according to circumstances. However, it was used to justify policies that seemed to make little practical sense, such as the murder of millions of Jews at a time when Germany was suffering an acute labour shortage. To what extent was Nazi ideology rooted in the past? - 1. Superiority of the German Race - Originated from German philosophical writings, proved powerful inspiration for German nationalists, whereby it was destiny for all Germans to emerge as a single people in a strong unified state. - Hitler's desire to unite all people of German race and create a sense of national community can be traced to these ideas. 2. Anti-Semitism - Not unique to Germany, European Jews had suffered for centuries. - Growth of industrialisation provided Hews with new opportunities for money making, led to a revival of anti-Semitic feelings. - This was spurred by authors and even Kaiser Wilhelm II and other elite were anti-Semitic in their views. 3. The cult of the leader - Again philosophical writings that put forward ideas that there were superior individuals. 4. Struggle and the survival of the fittest - Charles Darwin - Nazism applied Darwinism to argue that struggle and warfare allowed the best to rise to the top, leaving the weak to perish. Further in the fight for survival of the state, individuals were unimportant. What did Hitler himself contribute to Nazi ideology? -The previous four were well established before Hitler emerged as a politician. - Hitler combined the socialist aspect of swaying crowds through speeches, and the nationalist aspect of racial superiority. How did Nazi ideology develop in the aftermath of the war? - Hitler believed that the armistice was horrendous, a typical view held by many Germans that they had been 'stabbed in the back' by their government. - This led to the 25 point programme, and Hitler's Mein Kampf. Both contended that Germany had to fight to regain her status, Communism was the invention of the Jews, National Socialism was the only ideology capable of fighting Communism and the Nazism had to prepare the population for war in order to obtain living space. - These principles were broader in the early years, however once Hitler decided to contest election he realised he needed to associate with big businesses and the middle class in order to win more seats. - They then went back to more nationalistic with the rise of Communism in Russia, and the impending war. - What really set Nazi ideology apart was the way nationalist intolerance was combined with racial intolerance. Nazism embraced nationalist principles but added to them a belied in anew society to which only the racially pure within the state belonged. How important was the role of ideology in Nazi Germany? - Hitler's emergent ideology and vision for the future played a key role in his rise to power, attracting and inspiring followers. Once he was established as the German chancellor and Führer he revise policies in keeping with his fundamental beliefs. - However, while policies were shaped in the light of ideology, it was often the case that practical politics prevented ideological principles from being caried out immediately, or in their entirety. The growth of Hitler's anti-Semitic policies, for example, displayed no coherent patter. Persecution remained fairly low-key until 1935, and there was no Holocaust until the years of war. Even then it did not come immediately. - Similarly, women who were driven from the workforce in 1933-34, were forced back into it when the war began. - Also, the name for the party itself had become meaningless by the 1930s, the Nazis pursued 'nationalism' but any 'socialism' for the benefit of the working class no longer existed. - Further, the slogan blood and soil became mere propaganda. There was no revolution as promised. - Thus, Ideology was crucial to the success of Hitler as a single-party leader. However, Hitler controlled how ideology was used to further his own political ends. He was not driven simply by the desire to put ideological principles into practice, but has his own agenda and moulded Nazi ideology to fit it. After the kaiser (Wilhelm II) left the country (i.e., he abdicated - or gave up - the throne), Germany created a new type of government known as the Weimar Republic. What type of government was the Weimar Republic? Would this type of government be considered a liberal government or an authoritarian government? How do you know? - The Weimar Republic is a republic, which is a type of democracy. (NOTE: The United States is a republic.) The Weimar Republic would have been a liberal government. It had a parliamentary system led by a prime minister. (NOTE: Great Britain today has a parliamentary system led by a prime minister.) We know that the Weimar Republic was truly a liberal government (i.e., a democratic form of government), because people had rights and could vote - even women could vote. What type of problems did the Weimar Republic face? Why were the conservatives in Germany dissatisfied with the Weimar Republic? What positive developments occurred under the Weimar Republic? - The Weimar Republic originated when Germany was going through a terrible time. It was after WWI and the economy was in ruins. Inflation was a serious issue in the 1920s. Conservatives in Germany, who were made up of the nobility, military officers, and the bourgeoisie, believed that the government was too liberal and too weak. They wanted a strong leader, someone like the conservative chancellor Bismarck. Positive developments under the Weimar Republic included a flourishing cultural movement. Berlin attracted writers and artists from around the world. Why was Hitler sent to prison after WWI? What did he do while in prison? Who did Hitler blame for Germany's defeat in World War I? - After WWI, in which he fought in the army, Hitler joined a small group of right-wing extremists. In 1923, Hitler and his Nazi followers attempted to seize power in the German city of Munich. What Hitler attempted to do was similar to what Mussolini had accomplished with his fascist supporters during the March on Rome a year earlier (in 1922). Except, unlike Mussolini's efforts, Hitler failed. He was charged with treason and sent to prison for five years; however, he only served nine months of his sentence. While in prison, Hitler wrote Mein Kampf ("My Struggle"), which outlined Nazi goals and beliefs. Mein Kampf reflected Hitler's obsessions: extreme nationalism, racism, and anti-Semitism. He blamed Germany's defeat in WWI on a conspiracy of Marxists, Jews, corrupt politicians, and business leaders. According to Hitler, what was the solution for Germany's problems? - In order for Germany to be great again, he believed that Germans everywhere needed to unite into one great nation, that Germany must expand. This meant that countries such as Austria and Czechoslovakia, which had a large percentage of Germanic peoples, should be a part of Germany. Hitler was actually born in Austria. He believed that those who were inferior should bow to the master Aryan race. Aryans were light-skinned Europeans. What is a Füher? - a strong leader Who did Hitler's ideas appeal to? Why were people receptive to his extreme ideas in the first place? - Hitler's ideas appealed to veterans, workers, the lower middle classes, small-town Germans, and business people alike. People were receptive to his ideas because they were hurting during these years. The Great Depression kicked in and unemployment increased. Hitler promised to deliver them from these problems. How did Hitler become chancellor? Did he take power legally or illegally? - Conservative politicians in Germany despised Hitler. Yet they preferred him to the Communists, so they supported him thinking that they could control him. So with conservative support, Hitler was appointed chancellor in 1933. He took power legally under the Weimar constitution. Within a year after becoming chancellor, Germany was a dictatorship. How was Hitler able to consolidate power? In other words, what did Hitler do to his political opponents as well as those who he felt were disloyal to him? - Once in power, Hitler and the Nazis suspended civil rights, destroyed the socialists and Communists, and disbanded other political parties. Germany quickly became a one-party state. He even purged his own Nazi Party, executing those who he felt were disloyal. Hitler demanded unquestioning obedience. How did Hitler attempt to deal with the problems of the Great Depression that were affecting Germany? How did he violate the Treaty of Versailles? - To combat the Great Depression, Hitler launched large public works programs (as did Britain and the United States). Tens of thousands of people were put to work building highways and housing or replanting forests. He also began to rearm Germany and schemed to reunite Germany with Austria. Both of these measures were in violation of the Treaty of Versailles. Who were the Gestapo? - The Gestapo was Hitler's secret police, which rooted out those who were against the Nazis. What were the Nuremberg Laws? - The Nuremberg Laws excluded Jews from German citizenship and forbade marriages between Jews and germans. This also restricted Jews from attending or teaching at German schools or universities, holding government jobs, practicing law or medicine, or publishing books. Nazis abused Jews and encouraged their abuse. As a result, many Jews fled the country What was Kristallnacht? - Kristallnacht is the "Night of Broken Glass" when Nazi-led mobs attacked Jewish communities all over Germany, Austria, and the parts of Czechoslovakia which had been taken over by Germany. Kristallnacht took place on November 9-10, 1938, Nazis destroyed everything that was Jewish (synague, shops) then sent Jews to ghettos before going to concentration camps. The Nuremberg Laws restricted Jewish life in Germany. Jews: Deported - forced to leave a country Final Solution - the deliberate mass execution of Jews Ghetto - a confined area within a city Concentration Camps - labor camps which were meant to hold 'enemies to the state'. Prisoners were forced to work as slave laborers, were subjected to medical experiments and starved. Holocaust - mass murder of Jews How many Jews were there in Europe when Hitler rose to power - 9 million What did Hitler blame the Jews for - Germany's problems and their defeat in WWI Why did the Germans believe in Hitler's twisted message? - Because they needed something to believe in after the humiliation of the war How were Jews treated in Europe before WWII - Long history of Anti-Semitism in Europe - Hitler's Nazi government passed laws that created a separate legal status for German Jews - Thousands of Jews deported from Germany The situation of Jews in germany - if they were deported, they had nowhere to go because many countries would not accept them - if they were not deported, they were trapped in Germany when the war started How were Jews killed/contained? - Ghettos - Concentration Camps - Mass-Executions Jewish life in Ghettos - Jews were punished or killed if they tried to escape or leave - Many were murdered or starved to death How did the Nazis attempt to hide the evidence of their crimes - established special concentration camps with the purpose of killing Jews and destroying their bodies. Such camps had gas chambers and furnaces for destroying bodies Who did the Nazis kill other than Jews - nyone who they viewed as inferior: Poles, Slavs, homosexuals, invalids, the Romany. 5 million of these people killed How many Jews were killed in the Holocaust? - 6 million; 2/3 of the European Jew Population Were other countries aware of the extent of Hitler's brutality? - No; it was too horrific for them to believe War Refugee Board - Established by the United States after millions of Jews had already died. Purpose was to help rescue European jews. helped to save 200,000 Jews. Why did the US remain inactive towards the situation of the Jews - pathy and mild anti-semitism How did the rest of the world finally find out about Hitler's atrocities - When they discovered the concentration camps Gipsy people are also called Roma People Hitler's laws that restricted the rights of Jews - Nuremberg Laws On November 9 and 10, 1938, Hitler used a minor incident as an excuse to stage an attack on all Jews. Fascism (MC & SA) - An authorial government that is not communist, rooted in extreme nationalism - blind loyalty to the state. The people served the state as opposed to the democratic ideal where the state served the people. Survival of the fittest and Expansionism. March on Rome - 1922, Tens of thousands of Fascists marched on Rome. Mussolini was asked to become Italy's prime minister. By 1925, Mussolini had taken the title "The Leader" or Il Duce. Totalitarian (MC & SA) - a form of government where a one-party dictatorship attempts to regulate every aspect of the lives of the citizens Black Shirts - used intimidation and terror to oust elected officials Benito Mussolini - The son of a socialist blacksmith and teacher, he rejected socialism during the war for intense nationalism. He organized the Fascists party as well as the Black Shirts. Became Italian prime minister in 1925 after he lead the March on Rome. New Deal - A massive package of economic and social programs. This included: Stock market regulations, Protection of bank deposits, Aid to farmers, Job creation, and Social Security pensions. Black Tuesday - On October 29, 1929 citizens sold their stacks at a tremendous loss. The Weimar Republic - Created by the German democratic government in 1919. This included: A chancellor, or prime minister, A constitution, A parliamentary system, A bill of rights, and A provision allowing women to vote. Adolf Hitler - An energetic nationalist who promised to end the economic crisis and restore German greatness. Born in Austria though he fought for the German side in WW1. By 1919, he was leader of the Nazi party and worked against the Weimar government. Nazi Party - a group formed by Hitler that supported extreme nationalism, anti-Semitism, and racism. This group viewed the German people as a "master race." Mein Kampf - While in prison in for a failed attempt to seize power, Hitler wrote a novel "My Struggle" in 1923. Reichstag Fire - On February 27, 1933, a fire broke out at the German Parliament. Tho it was caused by Hitler the government blamed the communists of Germany. Because of this The Communist party was outlawed and members were arrested. This made the Nazi party the majority in the Parliament. Nuremberg Laws - In 1935, Hitler set out to deprive the Jews of German citizenship. Hitler stated that jewish people could not marry non-jews, could not attend or teach school, were banned from government jobs, were banned from practicing law or medicine, and they could not publish books. Kristallnacht - On November 9 and 10, 1938, Hitler used a minor incident as an excuse to stage an attack on all Jews. This was known as "The Night of Broken Glass", Jewish communities were attacked all over Germany, Austria, and Czechoslovakia. Final Solution - The extermination of all jewish people from Europe. In total, 6 million Jews were killed in what is known as the Holocaust. Joseph Stalin - Came to power in 1924 wanting to ruthlessly control the Soviet Union and it's people. He imposed his "5 year plan," he created a command economy. Five Year Plans - Stalin in 1928 imposed the first of several plans. These plans included: Build up heavy industry, Improve transportation, and Increase farm output. Command Economy - a system where government officials made all the basic economic decisions Collectives - Large farms owned and operated by peasants as a group. Appeasement - giving into the demands of an aggressor Munich Conference - September 1938, British and French leaders chose appeasement Pacifism - opposition to all war Nazi-Soviet Pact - August 1939, Hitler and Stalin announced a pact that made Germany and Russia at peace. Allied Powers - Great Britain, France, and later the United States and Soviet Union. Axis Powers - Italy, Japan, and Germany. Vichy, France - The location where the Germans set up a "puppet state" with it's capital. Lend-Lease Act - allowed FDR to sell or lend war materials to "any country whose defense the president deems vital to Pearl Harbor - Japan's surprise attack on the U.S. in Hawaii on December 7, 1914. D-DAY - Allies invade France June 6, 1944. Ships carried 156,000 Allied troops across the English Channel to the beaches of Normandy. April 30, 1945 - Hitler Commits suicide V-E-DAY - May 8, 1945 the new government surrendered August 6th, 1945 - U.S. drops atomic bomb on Hiroshima August 9th, 1945 - U.S. drops atomic bomb on Nagasaki V-J DAY - September 2, 1945 victory in japan day Hitler and the Nazis also sought to "purify" German culture. Weimar Republic - It created the democratic Weimar Republic. Chancellor - The parliamentary government was led by a chancellor, gave some women to get the right vote, to be included a bill of right. Ruhr Valley - Whem Germany could not payi its war reparations, France seized the coal-rich Ruhr Valley. Money Problems - German money was worthless. German people lost their savings. Adolf Hitler - Many Germans people believed the Adolf Hitler had the solutions. Dictator - Within one year, he was a dictator over a new fascist government in Germany. Third Reich - Hitler called his new government the Thurd Reich. Gestapo - The Gestapo, or secret polic, used terror tohelp the Nazis gain control over all parts of German life. Nuremburg Laws - In 1935, the Nuremburg Laws deprived Jews of German citizenship and placed severe restrictions on them. Purification of German Culture - Hitler also sought to purify German culture. Clergy - Many clergy either supported the new regime or remained silen, some spike out against Hitler's government. Eastern Europe - In eastern Europe, many nations also came under new authoritarian governments. Topic 18 Test Review People and places to know: Benito Mussolini - Fascist dictator of Italy (1922-1943). He led Italy to conquer Ethiopia (1935), joined Germany in the Axis pact (1936), and allied Italy with Germany in World War II. He was overthrown in 1943 when the Allies invaded Italy. (p. 786) Harry Truman - Missouri Senator was elected vice president in 1944. He succeeded to the presidency when Roosevelt died in 1945 and was involved in many key decisions ending World War II and in the early Cold War. It was his decision to drop the atomic bomb on Japan. He was elected president again in 1948 and decided to send troops to Korea in 1950. Adolf Hitler - (1889-1945) was the founder and leader of the Nazi Party and the most influential voice in the organization, implementation and execution of the Holocaust, the systematic extermination and ethnic cleansing of six million European Jews and millions of other non-aryans. Joseph Stalin - Ruled Communist Party of Russia from 1922-1953. Famous for his purges; cruel, tyrannical and evil Franklin Roosevelt - One of our greatest Presidents [1932-1945], FDR creates the New Deal to help the nation through the Great Depression of the 1930s, and he also leads the nation through WWII 1941-1945. Afflicted with polio as an adult, he was actually paralyzed from the waist down, though that was hidden from the public. Only 4 term President. Most famous bad idea: "Packing the Supreme Court." Famous first lady: Eleanor Roosevelt. Stalingrad - June 1941, Hitler invaded the Soviet Union. He brought in 1.5 million troops and bombed every city. This battle was the turning point. It led to Germany's retreat. Thousands of soldiers froze in the cold Russian weather in the Winter of 1942. Soviets had both men and women as soldiers since they lost so many people. Germans took over Stalingrad for a little while and then the Soviets bombed their own city. In Jun 1943, they finally forced a retreat. In total, this battle caused 1 million deaths. So many people died because Germans had to get through Stalingrad to get oil and the Soviets had to stop them. Midway - Japanese had planned to capture a strategic island in the middle of the Pacific Ocean, home to an Am. military base. The Jap's wanted to lure the Am's into a battle they were sure to lose. Am's had broken the Jap. code though, so they could understand the messages. Am. admiral Chester Nimitz planned an effective defense and it worked perfectly, with the Am's destroying 4 Jap. aircraft carriers and winning a great victory. Bastogne - only town where Americans hadn't retreated at Battle of the Bulge, Hitler said they needed to take the city to win, All roads went through this city, Tiger Tanks needed gas, 101st airborne refused to surrender this city. Germans sent message saying "surrender or be killed." Americans answered with "Nuts". Patton and his army rescued 101st airborne. Dunkirk - French & British soldiers retreated, German army followed them and pushed them onto the beaches, they had no where to go, thought they would all be killed. Goring said to stop and not kill them because he thought the air force should kill them. Churchill released ad asking anyone who had a boat to rescue some soldiers in their boat. Goring's mistake allowed these French and British soldiers to escape, these soldiers would be at D-Day. Goring's first mistake Okinawa - largest amphibious assault in the Pacific War, 82-day-long battle. After a long campaign of island hopping, the Allies were approaching Japan, and planned to use a large island close to mainland Japan as a base for air operations on the planned invasion of Japanese mainland many local civilians were killed or committed suicide What was the chief impact of the Nazi-Soviet Pact according to Hitler? - He could invade poland without interference What countries made up the Axis powers? - Germany, Italy, and Japan Explain the role of Adolf Hitler during World War II. - leader of the Nasi party. began WWII, his hatred for jewish people, at the end loss the war to the allies. What was the German Air Force called? - Luftwaffe. Luftwaffe is a generic German term for an air force. It was also the official name for the Nazi air force founded in 1935. Led by Hermann Goering, it became the largest and most powerful in Europe by the start of World War Two. Who met on a Naval Battleship, to end Nazi Tyranny? - Churchill and Roosevelt What was the policy of appeasement? - Giving into demands of an aggressor to keep peace What leader continually appeased Hitler? - Chamberlin What did Hitler and Stalin cooperate on? - Conquest of Poland What city was the target during Operation Sea Lion? - London What countries made up the Allied Powers? Put them in the correct order they entered the war. - Britain, US, Russia (britain and france) Why did so many women have to join the workforce during WWII? - Men were off fighting What two cities did the U.S. drop atomic bombs on in Japan? - Hiroshima and Nagasaki What was the Manhattan Project? - US project to build atomic bombs What was the name of U.S. Strategy in the Pacific? - Leapfrogging, also known as island hopping, was a military strategy employed by the Allies in the PacificWar against Japan and the Axis powers during World War II. How did the Allies liberate France? - Storming beaches of normandy What part of Czechoslovakia did the Germans get under the Munich Pact? - Sudetenland What was Hitler's final solution? - Extermination of all european jews What was the Lend-Lease Act? - US and Britain signed it before US would enter war and made Britain sign it too What island had the highest amount of casualties? - Midway How did Mussolini, Hitler, and Japan respond to diplomacy and calls for peace in the 1930's? - With new acts of aggression What country did Hitler invade that help start the war? - Poland What did Churchill say the British would never do? - surrender What was the main reason Japan attacked Pearl Harbor? - Wanted to build pacific empire without interference What military campaign in the Pacific was the turning point of the war? -Midway What was the consequence of Germany's invasion of the Soviet Union? - Churchill agreed to support Stalin What event prompted the U.S. to enter the war? - Pearl Harbor What was one result of the Yalta Conference? - Russia would join war in Pacific Who was the U.S. General in charge of the Pacific campaign? - McArthur Why did the invasion of Poland launch World War II? - Britain and France abandoned policy of appeasement Why was the Battle of the Bulge significant? - Last time Germany went on the offensive What was Operation Barbarossa? - Germany's attack on Soviet Union What action by Germany was a direct violation of the treaty that ended World War I? - re-militarization

17.3 & 4 Review Questions

Topic 17.3 Questions Why did India want Independence? - India had been controlled by the British Empire since the 1700s. Over time, nationalistic feelings grew among the Indian population and a movement was began tofirst establish self rule, and then complete independence. In 1885, Indian nationalists formed the Indian National Congress to achieve these goals. In 1906, the large Muslim population formed the Muslim League to protect their rights, even calling for the creation of a separate state. In 1947, India gained their independence from Great Britain, due in large part to the strong leadership of Mohandas Gandhi. At the same time, Britain created East and West Pakistan as Muslim states separate from India. East Pakistan later became Bangladesh. What were the Rowlatt Acts? - 1919 the British passed these in India in order to curb radical nationalist acts of violence against Britain allowed the government to jail protesters without trial for as long as two years Why might these acts have been passed? - George Grenville proposed the Stamp Act, which was passed by Parliament. The goal of this tax was solely to raise revenue through internal taxation. The act required that all documents would have to be on a paper that presented a special stamp, even just for writing.• It was significant because it caused significant rebellion from the colonists. The passing of this act fueled the argument about whether or not Parliament should have the right at all to tax the colonies. This reaction created further separation between the colonists and the British. - • These acts were passed as a response to the Boston Tea Party. They were directed towards Massachusetts to restore order and punish the colonists. The first was the Boston Port Act, which closed the port until the payment for the tea was made. The second part was the Massachusetts Government act, where MA government was severely restricted. The third was the Administration of Justice Act, allowing trials of British officials to occur in England. The final one was the Quartering Act, saying that soldiers could occupy unoccupied buildings if housing wasn't provided (applied to all).• The severe measures taken in these acts sent a message to all the American colonists about what could happen if they disobeyed acts violently. This worked to the British advantage to quell uprisings. Also, the First Continental Congress was created and made up of many representatives to veto the acts for MA. Why did British Commander General Reginald Dyer order 50 soldiers to fire into the crowd at the Amritsar protest? - Date: April 13, 1919 Key Individual: General Reginald Dyer Cause:The British commander had banned public meetings, but the crowd either ignored or had not heard the order. Immediate Effect: 50 soldiers opened fire on the unarmed crowd, killing nearly 400 people and wounding more than 1,000. Who was Mohandas Gandhi? - Leader and activist of Indian Independence What force did Gandhi propose using to free India from British colonial rule, and what was the basis for his ideas? - The willingness of the British to use force against Indians distressed Gandhi deeply and seeing the effect of such violence helped him to develop his theory about non-violence and further convinced him of India's need to be free from British rule. There are numerous instances of British violence in the history of colonial rule in India. An example of this is the Amritsar Massacre of 1919. On the 13th of April thousands of Indians gathered at an enclosed courtyard called Jallianwala Bagh in the city of Amritsar to hold a non-violent protest meeting. Under the orders of General Dyer, the military commander for the area, British troops fired upon the protestors who were scrambling to find exits including trying to climb up walls and jumping into the deep well in the centre of the square. Approximately 1,200 people were injured and 379 killed. General Dyer followed the shooting with even more violent, repressive measures. On a particular lane where an English missionary had been assaulted, Indians were made to crawl on their stomachs instead of walking and if they refused they were beaten and whipped. British force. What did Gandhi tell the Indian people to Boycott? - The British wanted to increase the production of goods, so they decided to pass a law requiring Indians to only buy British imports. This shut down many Indian industries, and the Indians had to buy expensive British-made products. Gandhi responded to this unjust law b supporting strikes and protests. He also called on Indians to boycott, or stop buying, British made-goods. The degree of disorder resulting from the movement was unparalleled and presented anew challenge to the foreign rule of the British. These movements caused widespread support among Indians awakening to a new sense of nationalism, or the desire for Independence of a country. How did the Salt March force Britain to respond to Indian demands? - Worldwide attention on Gandhi and his followers forced Britain to give Indians more rights How might fighting discrimination in South Africa have influenced Gandhi when he returned to India? - - Influenced by Bhagavad Gita, wanted to purify life by adopting concepts of apargraha (non-violence) and sambhava (equability) - (1904) "Unto this Last" by John Ruskin, inspired Gandhi to create the Phoenix Settlement, just outside of Durban Which of Gandhi's ideas and actions do you think were most effective, and why? - I think his methods were so effective because after the nonviolent protests, the government would jail some protesters and viciously beat the other protesters. Word got out about the harsh treatment and more people supported Gandhi's movement because the government was viciously harassing the protestors even though they did nothing to physically harm them. Topic 17.4 Questions What political and economic changes occurred in Japan during the 1920's? - Democracy grew as political parties grew stronger, exerted their power in the Diet, and extended rights. The economy grew. How did warlord uprising and foreign imperialism lead to the May Fourth movement? - Students wanted China to be equally as strong as the Western Countries by ending the Confucian traditions and replacing it with Communism. In what ways were the goals of the May Fourth Movement and Chinese Communists in conflict? - China joined the war on the Allies side in hopes to gain back German land, but when the allies gave it to Japan, the Chinese were angry. Students gathered in Beijing and more and more people joined the cause which became known as the May Fourth Movement Why did the new republic of China fall into chaos after 1912? - in 1912 Sun Yixian resigned in favor of General Yuan Shikai. Yuan tried unsuccessfully to set up a new ruling dynasty with himself as emperor. After Yuan dies, local warloards battled for control, the economy collapsed and famine spread How did the communists manage to survive Jiang's "extermination campaigns"? - On the Long March, the Communists retreated from Jiang's forces to a remote region in northern China and used guerrilla tactics to fight back as they marched. Who was Mao Zedong? - this man became the leader of the chinese communist party and remained its leader until his death. he declared the founding of the people's republic of china in 1949 and supported the chinese peasantry throughout his life. How did democratic participation in Japan both grow in the 1920's? How was it limited? - All adult men gained the right to vote; greater emocratic freedoms; and the zaibatsu (group of powerful businessmen) manipulated politics to favor their interests. Why did conservatives resent Western influence? - The Boxer Rebellion, was the rebellion against Western influence. This rebellion pushed to get rid of the Chinese that accepted western practices and Christian culture. How did the Great Depression lead to calls for renewed expansion? - The Great Depression fed the discontent of the military and ultranationalists. They had their sights set on Manchuria northern area and used the Chinese as scapegoats for blowing up railroad to invade Manchuria. How did Japanese militarists rise to power in the 1930's? - Public opinion supported for- eign conquest. Unrest, caused by assas- sinations and plots by extremist groups, caused the civilian government to bow to military control. How did the Japanese invasion affect the civil war in China? - The Guomindang and the Communists united against Japan

18.1 Discussion Questions

Topic 18.1 Discussion Questions Describe how Western Democracies respond to aggression? - They followed a policy of appeasement in an effort to keep the peace. Explain the significance of the League of nations to the Axis powers in the 1930's? - They launched a surprise attack and seized control of the Chinese province of Manchuria Describe the early acts of aggression of Germany, Italy, and Japan? - Germany and Japan during the 1930s. Japan re-seized Manchuria, an area that they tried to takeover in WWI. Japan did this because they wanted iron and coal resources. Italy invaded Ethopia because they wanted land, were angry for loses in WWI--they can now get the land because their military is stronger--, also they wanted a chunk of Africa like everyone else. And Germany wanted Rhineland-boarded France- this was a violation of the Treaty of Versailles, Hitler did this to intimidate France and Belgium. Explain how other countries got involved in the Spanish Civil War? - -Germany and Italy had similar governments to Franco (fascists) -Germany and Italy wanted to gain more allies -Germany saw Spain has a perfect way to test run weapons without actually having to go to war (Guernica) How did Hitler justify taking over Austria and the Sudetenland? - Hitler forced the union of Austria and because Sudentenland was part of Czechoslovakia, where 3 million Germans lived, he justified his takeover. Why did Britain and France end their policy of appeasement? - The Munich Conference, which was held to discuss Hitler's takeover of Sudetenland, British and French leaders chose appeasement and allowed Hitler to annex territory. Why did the western powers follow a policy of appeasement? - Because, Western Democracies Britain & France were not ready for another war in the 1930s,& politically appeasement was a popular decision. List three main causes of WWII. - What were the major casuses of WWII. - Treaty of versailles. - Treaty of Versailles. - The rise of fascism in Italy. - Great Depression Kinda. - Japanese expansion. - Anti-communism. - Appeasement. - Militarism. How did the Nazi-Soviet Pact contribute the start of WWII? - signed by Hitler and Stalin, said that the Germans and Soviets would not fight each other/invade each other for 10 years, allowed the Germans to invade Poland soon after pact was signed What reaction did Britain have to Germany's invasion of Poland in 1939? - France and Great Britain declared war on Germany. But Poland fell three weeks before those nations oculd make any military response.

Topic 18.1 - 18.4 Review

What area of Czechoslovakia did Germany demand that it gain control over? - Sudetenland What document placed sanctions on Germany after WW I? - penalities Hitler feared this country the most due to its size & proximity to Germany. What was the meeting called where Germany, Italy, France, & England met to discuss Germany's territorial demands? - Germany, Italy, Japan. They agreed to fight Soviet communism The conflict in the Pacific during WWII was caused by this country's aggression. Who was the German leader prior to & during WWII? - Adolf Hitler was leader of Nazi Germany, first as Chancellor from 1933 until 1934. He later became Germany's Führer from 1934 until his suicide in 1945. Hitler came to power during Germany's period of crisis after the Great War. What country did Germany annex in 1938? - Austria On March 12, 1938, German troops march into Austria to annex the German-speaking nation for the Third Reich. In early 1938, Austrian Nazis conspired for the second time in four years to seize the Austrian government by force and unite their nation with Nazi Germany. Germany's invasion of this country effectively started WWII. What was the name of the largest concentration camp?- Auschwitz The Auschwitz concentration camp complex was the largest of its kind established by the Nazi regime. It included three main camps. All three camps used prisoners for forced labor. One of them also functioned for an extended period as a killing center. As part of the pact signed between Russia & Germany, Germany would give Russia this group of countries in return for Russia's non-involvement in WWII. Who was the emperor of Japan during WWII? - Hirohito Hirohito, original name Michinomiya Hirohito, posthumous name Shōwa, (born April 29, 1901, Tokyo, Japan—died January 7, 1989, Tokyo), emperor of Japan from 1926 until his death in 1989. He was the longest-reigning monarch in Japan's history. Which country initially shunned the alliance offer from France & England because it signed a pact with Germany? - Franco-Soviet Mutual Assistance Treaty Japan's attack on U.S. ships at this place caused the U.S. to enter WWII. Which country was the primary target of Japanese aggression in the Pacific leading up to WWII? - Nagasaki The Japanese attack on U.S. ships in the Pacific was the first step in Japan's Pearl Harbor. Hitler's "extermination" of Jews in Eastern Europe was called what? - New Order The U.S. tried to dissuade Japanese aggression in the Pacific by placing what type of sanctions upon it? - US began to impose various economic and immigration sanctions on Japan in order to discourage their behavior -- instead of containing them, it fed into the Japanese ultra-nationalist sentiment Reinforcing each other's mistrust constantly As part of the treaty that ended WWI, Germany's army could not exceed how many troops? - Rhineland What was the demilitarized zone along the German/French border known as? - Rhineland Who was the Prime Minister of England during WWII? - Winston Churchill Arthur Neville Chamberlain was born in Birmingham, England, on March 18, 1869. Neville Chamberlain was Prime Minister of Great Britain in September 1939 at the start of World War II. In May 1940, after the disastrous Norwegian campaign, Chamberlain resigned and Winston Churchillbecame prime minister. How many Jews were killed by Germans in WWII? - about 6 million The conflict in Europe during WWII was caused by this country's aggression. As a part of the treaty that ended WWI, this country was responsible for protecting the countries that surrounded Germany. What leader continually appeased Hitler? - munich What country received help from Germany & Japan during its civil war? - china

Gandhi Video Questions

When was Gandhi born? - Gandhi was born on October 2, 1869 in Porbandar India What was the occupation of Gandhi's father? - Lawyer Where did Gandhi attend law school? - South Africa Why did Gandhi go to South Africa? - Civil rights activist in South Africa (1893-1914) In April 1893, Gandhi aged 23, set sail for South Africa to be the lawyer for Abdullah's cousin. ... In another incident, the magistrate of a Durban court ordered Gandhi to remove his turban, which he refused to do. Gandhi participated in what war of 1906? Whose side was he on? - an organization formed in 1906 to protect the interests of India's Muslims, which later proposed that India be divided into separate Muslim and Hindu nations What British laws were in acted that caused protests? - The Stamp Act, The Boston Massacre, The Boston Tea Party How did the protesters react when beaten by police? - Correctd. They sided with the police by a margin of 2 to 1. In 1913, what laws were passed? What was Gandhi's reaction? - A new friend of Gandhi who had won the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1913. How many Indians bowed to how many British invaders?- -Represents the huge disparity in military power between the Europeans and Africans -11,000 Sudanese are killed while on 48 British are killed -The Sudanese used bows and arrows/ spears while British used machine guns-The new tools allowed for Europeans to be dominant Gandhi marched to the sea to protest what tax? - The Congress Working Committee gave Gandhi the responsibility for organising the first act of civil disobedience, with Congress itself ready to take charge after Gandhi's expected arrest. Gandhi's plan was to begin civil disobedience with a satyagraha aimed at the British salt tax. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ibagACLb-6s

WWII Cause and Effect

World War II Cause and Effect Cause: Treaty of Versailles in signed and enforced Germany prints off massive amounts of money to pay off World War I reparations Hyperinflation hits Germany Hitler goes to the Rhineland, Italy invades Ethiopia, Japan takes over Manchuria Non-aggression pact is signed between two major world powers. Germany uses Blitzkrieg in Poland Germany invades Poland Americans do not want to join the war in Europe. Great Britain goes bankrupt which makes Cash and Carry impossible, so US thinks of new way to help them win war. Japanese attack American base at Pearl Harbor. American factories need more workers to increase production during war. Americans are suspicious of Japanese after Pearl Harbor attacks. American and British forces lead invasion into France and march towards Germany Allied forces are about to capture Berlin. Effect: Germany is completely ruined militarily, economically, and a strong sense of Nationalism begins. Germany experiences Hyperinflation Germans can't afford everyday goods to support their family. The League of Nations does nothing. Germany and the Soviet Union agree to split Poland and not attack each other Germany overwhelms Poland with a "lightning war" and easily defeat them which makes Great Britain and France declare war on Germany World War II begins United States passes the Neutrality Acts United States passes Lend Lease Act United States declares war on Japan Millions of women and minorities work in factories for the war effort. Japanese Americans are placed in internment camps D-Day is a success and France is freed. Hitler commits suicide and German surrenders to Allied Forces