722 Midterm Set 2
The emotional center of the brain that is activated when a person with an addiction sees a person, place, or thing that reminds him of their addiction (e.g., needle, slot machine, white powder) is called the A. amygdala B. nucleus C. accumbens D. lateral brain
A
Which of the following are functions of the old brain? #1. basic emotions (anger, fear, hunger, lust) #2. imprinting of survival memories #3. regulating respiration, heartbeat, and body temperature #4. planning and mapping A. functions 1, 2, and 3 only B. functions 1, 3, and 4 only C. functions 2, 3, and 4 only D. functions 1, 2, 3, and 4
A
When someone uses an addictive drug, the new brain usually dominates its influence over ones behaviors
False
A person's level of emotional and physical stress can increase the ability of psychoactive drugs to cross the blood-brain barrier
True
Regardless of which method a person uses to consume a psychoactive drug, the drug reaches the brain through the bloodstream
True
The central nervous system is composed of the spinal cord and the brain
True
The historical and moral conflict between doing what an individual wants to do (primal urges) versus what he should do (common sense, reason) is mirrored in the conflict that arises between the old brain and the new brain when addictive drugs and behaviors are involved
True
Which of the following are signs of addiction? A. There is continued use despite experiencing physical or psychological problems and consequences. B. The substance is used two or more times per week. C. A behavioral addiction is engaged in three or more times per week. D. Use of the substance or engaging in the behavior results in the desired effects.
A
The more rapidly a psychoactive drug reaches its central nervous system target, the less the reward and the lower the reinforcing effect
False
The most rapid route of administering a drug to reach the brain is intravenously
False
The American drugs of choice are: A. alcohol and marijuana B. alcohol and nicotine C. cocaine and marijuana D. marijuana and nicotine
B
When the human body is continually challenged by the use of drugs that alter the body,s natural balance, a "new normal" is created, known as: A. homeostasis B. allostasis C. kindling D. drug automatism
B
The most crucial neurotransmitter involved in behavioral addictions, drug use, and drug abuse is: A. epinephrine B. norepinephrine C. dopamine D. histamine
C
Psychoactive drugs have which of the following effects on the nervous system? #1. alter information sent to the brain from the environment #2. disrupt messages sent from the CNS to parts of the body #3. disrupt thinking #4. alter the way in which neurotransmitters normally function A. effects 1, 2, and 3 only B. effects 1, 3, and 4 only C. effects 2, 3, and 4 only D. effects 1, 2, 3, and 4
D
Which statement is true regarding intravenous drug use? A. Intravenous drug use is the fastest route of administration to the brain. B. Intravenous drug users account for the majority of people in addiction treatment. C. Only drugs that are originally in liquid form can be injected. D. Intravenous drug use is the most dangerous method because it bypasses the body's natural defenses.
D
The physical, mental, and emotional effects a person experiences from taking psychoactive drugs are caused by the modification or mimicking of the neurotransmitter's function
True
Which of the following physical and chemical changes in the body are signs that indicate addiction to alcohol or other drug? #1. The user develops tolerance and needs more of the drug to feel an effect. #2. The user develops intolerance. #3. The user develops tissue dependence and needs to use the drug just to feel normal. #4. After not using the drug for a period of time, the person experiences withdrawal symptoms. A. statements 1 and 2 only B. statements 3 and 4 only C. statements 1, 3, and 4 only D. statements 2, 3, and 4 only
C
Which of the following describes changes in the brain of a person who is addicted to alcohol or other drugs? #1. The reward/control circuits of the addiction pathway are hijacked by changes in brain chemistry altered by substance abuse. #2. The "go" circuit becomes overactive and drives compulsive substance use. #3. The "stop" circuit does not function properly and is overridden by the "go" switch. #4. Drug cravings hijack survival mechanisms in the old brain and override rational actions of the new brain. A. statements 1, 2, and 3 only B. statements 1, 3, and 4 only C. statements 2, 3, and 4 only D. statements 1, 2, 3, and 4
D