9.31.F - Quiz: Astronomy & the Sun
uses a series of mirrors
A *reflecting* telescope __________.
the moon completely blocks the light from the sun
A *total eclipse* is caused when __________.
fuses the nuclei of two atoms, such as hydrogen
A fusion reaction, such as those occuring on the sun, __________.
Polaris and the Southern Cross
According to star animation, if you are at the equator, what two major stars/constellations do you see in the sky to the north and south?
convective zone
Choose the best answer. Plasma can make its way to the surface of the sun by convection movements in the __________.
-are highly charged particles given off by the corona -occur when two magnetic field lines opposite each other come together -create shock waves that take a day and a half to reach the Earth -can disrupt electrical systems on the Earth
Coronal Mass Ejections (CMEs) __________. (Choose 4)
The energy for the sun comes from the core where hydrogen atom nuclei are fused. When this occurs, it creates plasma, which ionized gas. When there is an increase in pressure a temperature, hydrogen atoms begin to collide. When they collide, the two nuclei fuse and they become helium atoms. These collisions release a large amount of energy that the sun uses as fuel.Some of the energy comes to the earth as electromagnetic radiation.
Describe how helium is formed on the sun through nuclear fusion.
The illusion known as Retrograde Motion is where the planets loop and change direction due to the relationship to the observer and their appearance.
Describe retrograde motion.
umbra
During a *total eclipse* of the sun, the __________ of the moon casts a shadow, touching a part of the Earth.
The second Law of Planetary Motion states that both sweep sides of an ellipse equal the same area. The Law states that a planet's movement around the sun equals the area and distance in the same amount of time.
Explain Kepler's Second Law of Planetary Motion, also known as the Law of Areas.
fourth
God created it on the _________________ day.
core
Hydrogen fusion, which powers all of the stars, including the sun, occurs in the __________.
1,000,000
If the sun was an empty ball, you could put __________ Earths in it.
In a circle around and above you
If you are standing at the North Pole, how do the star trails appear to move over time?
is at one of the foci
In an elliptical orbit, the sun __________.
around in a circle overhead
In which way does the *Big Dipper* move over the North Pole?
their gravity reduced by 1/4
Newton discovered that if two planetary objects moved twice as far from each other __________.
increased, faster
Newton discovered that the gravity of a planet __________ as the planet approaches the sun, causing the planet to move __________ around the sun in that part of its orbit.
the gravitational pull of both the moon and the sun
Newton was the first one to explain that tides are caused by __________. (Choose the BEST answer)
-They create the auroras seen as the Northern and Southern Lights - It is deflected by the magnetic field of the Earth, protecting us
Solar wind travels in all directions from the sun. What happens when it hits the Earth? (Choose 2)
solar physicists, astro physics
Specifically, solar physicists __________ are people who study the sun. This is a specialty under the science of astro physics __________.
-can exist from hours up to months at a time - form above and below the sun's equator and move towards the poles - appear in an 11 year cycle
Sunspots __________. (Select all that apply)
celestial horizon
The __________ is where the sky and the Earth meet 360 degrees around the observer.
apogee
The __________ of the moon is when the moon is at its *farthest* point from the Earth.
hydrogen
The chromosphere is made of __________.
15 degrees
The constellations move __________ per hour.
400
The sun is __________ times larger than the moon, and it is 400 times farther away from the Earth than the moon.
hydrogen
The sun is made up primarily of __________.
the photosphere
The yellow surface of the sun is called __________.
solar maximum, solar minimum
Times of greater sun spot activity is called ___________. Times of lesser sunspot activity is called __________. (Must be exact as read in the lesson)
The distance between the Earth and the sun
What is an astronomical unit or AU?
Kepler
What scientist was able to decipher and describe the movement of the planets?
IRIS
What was the name for the satellite launched by NASA to study the area between the corona and the surface of the sun?
an annular eclipse
When the moon is at its *apogee* and it passes in *front of the sun*, it is called __________.
aphelion
When the planet orbits the sun it is an elliptical path. At the *farthest* point away from the sun, the planet is at its ___________.
perihelion
When the planet orbits the sun, it is an elliptical path. At its *closest* point from the sun, the planet is at its ___________.
The North Pole
Where would you have to be standing in order to take this picture of the star trails?
-All other stars rotate around Polaris - Also known as North Star -It is located almost directly over north pole
Which of the following are true of Polaris? (Select all that apply)
Ptolemy
Who developed the *geocentric* model?
Copernicus
Who developed the heliocentric model?
