9.7 5 Muscles that move the thigh, muscles that move the leg, muscles that move the foot

An elongated, spindle-shaped muscle located on the front of the leg. It arises from the surface of the tibia, passes medially over the distal end of the tibia, and attaches to bones of the foot. Contraction of the tibialis anterior causes dorsiflexion and inversion of the foot

tibialis anterior

Dorsiflexors of the foot

tibialis anterior, fibularis tertius, extensor digitorum longus, extensor hallucis longus

The deepest muscles on the back of the leg. it connects the fibula and tibia to the ankle bones by means of a tendon that curves under the medial malleolus. This muscle assists in inversion and plantar flexion of the foot. Extensor hallucis longus also inverts the foot, because it pulls up on the medial portion

tibialis posterior

inventor of the foor

tibialis posterior

Posterior group muscles that move the thigh

Gluteus maximus gluterus medius gluteus minimus piriformis tensor fasciae latae

Medial group muscles that move the thigh

Pectineus adductor brevis adductor longus adductor magnus gracilis

A long, thick muscle that connects the lumbar vertebrae to the femur. it flexes the hip

Psoas major

a long, triangular muscle that runs from the pubic bone to the femur. It adducts the thigh and assists in flexing the hip

adductor brevis

a short, triangular muscle that runs from the pubic bone to the femur. It adducts the thigh and assists in flexing the hip

adductor brevis

A long, triangular muscle that runs from the pubic bone to the femur. It adducts the thigh and assists in flexing the hip and rotating the thigh laterally

adductor longus

The largest adductor of the thigh. It is a triangular muscle that connects the ischium to the femur. It adducts the thigh and portions assist in flexing or extending the hip

adductor magnus

Muscles that move the thigh can be separated into an anterior group that primarily flexes the hip, a posterior group that extends the hip and abducts or rotates the thigh, and a medial group that primarily

adducts the thigh

Movements of the foot include movements of the ________ and ________

ankle and toes

The _______ _______ has two heads, one attached to the ischium and the other attached to the femur. This muscle passes along the back of the thigh on the lateral side and connects to the proximal ends of the fibula and tibia. The _________ _________ is one of the hamstring muscles, and its tendon (hamstring) feels like a lateral ridge behind the knee. This muscle flexes the knee, rotates the leg laterally, and extends the hip

biceps femoris

Movement of the femur down or to the back

extend the hip

Situated along the lateral side of the leg just behind the tibialis anterior. It arises from the proximal end of the tibia and the shat of the fibula.its tendon divides into four parts as it passes over the front of the ankle. These parts continue over the surface of the foot and attach to the four lateral toes. The actions of the __________ ________ ________ include dorsiflexion of the foot, and extension of the toes

extensor digitorum longus

Connects the anterior fibula with the great toe. Action include extension of the great toe, dorsiflexion and inversion of the foot

extensor hallucis longus

Anteriorly, _______ ________ connect the tibia and fibula as well as the calcaneus and fascia of the sole. These retinacula form sheaths for tendons crossing the front of the ankle.

extensor retinacula

_______ ________ connect the lateral mallelous and the calcaneus. providing sheaths for tendons on the lateral side of the ankle

fibular retinacula

A long, straplike muscle located on the lateral side of the leg. it connects the tibia and the fibula to the foot by means of a stout tendon that passes behind the lateral malleolus. It everts the foot, assists in plantar flexion, and helps support the arch of the foot.

fibularis longus

evertor if the foot

fibularis longus

A muscle of variable size that connects the fibula to the lateral side of the foot. It functions in dorsiflexion and eversion of the foot

fibularis tertius

movements of the femur forward and upward

flex the hip

Runs from the posterior surface of the tibia to the foot. Its tendon passes along the plantar surface of the foot. There the tendon divides into four parts that attach to the distal phalanges of the four lateral toes. This muscle assists in plantar flexion of the foot, flexion of the four lateral and inversion of the foot

flexor digitorum longus

posteriorly, on the inside, a _____ ________ runs between the medial malleolus and the calcaneus and forms sheaths for tendons passing beneath the foot

flexor retinaculum

The iliacus and the psoas major are primary ________ of the hip, and they advance the lower limb in walking movements

flexors

Planar flexors of the foot

gastrocnemius, soleus, plantaris, flexor digitorum longus

The ____________ on the back of the leg forms part of the calf. It arises by two heads from the femur. The distal end of this muscle joins the strong calcaneal tendon (achilles tendon), which descends to the heel and attaches to the calcaneus. The _____________ is a powerful plantar flexor of the foot that aids in pushing the body forward when a person walks or runs. It also flexes the knee

gastronemius

The largest muscle in the body and covers a large part of each buttock. it connects the ilium, sacrum, and coccyx to the femur by fascia of the thigh and extends the hip. it helps to straighten the lower limb at the hip when a person walks, runs, or climbs. It is also used to raise the body from a sitting position

gluteus maximus

Lies beneath the gluteus medius and is its companion in attachment and functions

gluteus minimus

A long, straplike muscle that passes from the pubic bone to the tibia. It adducts the thigh and flexes the knee

gracilis

Anterior group muscles that move the thigh

psoas major iliacus

The large muscle group on the posterior thigh called the ____________ is the primary flexor of the knee. Its three parts are the biceps femoris, the semitendinosus, and the semimembranosus

hamstring

Flexors of the muscles that move the leg

hamstring group: bicepts femoris semitendinous semimembranosus sartorius

A large, fan-shaped muscle, lies along the lateral side of the psoas major.

iliacus

runs from the spine of the pubis to the femur. It flexes the hip and adducts the thigh

pectineus

The muscles that move the leg connect the tibia or fibula to the femur or to the _________ __________. They fall into two major groups--thoes that flex the knee and those that extend it

pelvic girdle

shaped like a pyramid and located inferior to the gluteus minimus. It abducts and laterally rotates the thigh and is part of the posterior group muscles that stabilizes the hip

piriformis

The ________ connects the femur to the heel, where it inserts with the gastrocnemius and soleus via the calcaneal tedon. When the ___________ contracts it plantar flexes the foot, and because it crosses the knee joint, it also flexes the knee.

plantaris

The large muscle group called the __________ _________ occupies the front and sides of the thigh and is the primary extensor of the knee. It is composed of the four parts--rectus femoriis, vastus intermedius, vastus medialis, and vastus lateralis. These parts connect the ilium and femur to a common patellar tendon, which passes over the front of the knee and attaches to the patella. This tendon then continues as the patellar ligament to the tibia. Because the rectus femoris originates on the ilium, it can flex the hip

quadriceps femoris

extensors of the muscles that move the leg

quadricepts femoris group rectus femoris vastus lateralis vastus medials vastus intermedius

Fascia in various regions of the ankle thicken to form ________, as in the wrist.

retinacula

An elongated, straplike muscle that passes obliquely across the front of the thigh and then descends over the medial side of the knee. It connects the ilium to the tibia and flexes the knee and the hip. It can also abduct the thigh, rotate the thigh laterally, and rotate the leg medially

sartorius

The __________ is the third hamstring muscle and is the most medially locatedmuscle in the back of the thigh. It connects the ischium to the tibia and flexes the knee, rotates the leg medially, and extends the hip

semimembranosus

Another hamstring muscle. It is a long, bandlike muscle on the back of the thigh toward the medial side, connecting the ischium to the proximal end of the tibia. The ________________ is so named because it becomes tendinous in the middle of the thigh, continuing to its insertion as a long, cordlike tendon. Itflexes the knee, rotates the leg medially, and extends the hip

semitendinosus

A thick, flat muscle located beneath the gastronemius, and together these two muscles form the calf of the leg. The ___________ arises from the tibia and fibula, and it inserts at the heel by way of the calcaneal tendon. It acts with the gastrocnemius to cause plantar flexion of the foot

soleus

connects the ilium to the iliotibial tract, which continues downward to the tibia. This muscle flexes the hip and abducts and rotates the thigh medially

tensor fasciae latae

The muscles that move the thigh are attached to

the femur and to part of the pelvic girdle (important exceptions are the sartorius and rectus femoris)