9th Grade MIDTERM Exam Review Guides

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Feint

A pretense

Cell Membrane, Ribosome, Cytoplasm, DNA, Mitochondria, Nucleus, and the Nucleolus *plus more*

ANIMAL/EUKARYOTIC CELLS have. . .

ATLANTIC OCEAN

Repent and return to the Lord.

According to Joel, how can the nation of Judah be saved?

Elijah

According to Malachi, who will come before the day of the Lord arrives?

Both prophets encouraged rebuilding of the temple

How were the ministries of Haggai and Zechariah related?

God's faithfulness and Israel's unfaithfulness.

How would you describe the theme of Moses' song?

Orlando trabaja tantas horas como Gabriela.

USE TAN/TANTO: Orlando trabaja 10 horas cada día. Gabriela trabaja 10 horas también. Orlando trabaja ____ ____ ____ Gabriela.

Ad Hominem, Red Herring, Straw Man, Begging the Question, Testimonial, Logical Appeal, Emotional Appeal, AND Ethical Appeal.

What are some examples of PERSUASIVE TECHNIQUES?

Amino Acids

What are the MONOMERS of PROTEIN?

Repetir

repito, repites, repite, repetimos, repetís, repiten

He cares for all people in all nations.

What do you think the book of Jonah reveals about God?

the WEEPING PROPHET

What was JEREMIAH'S NICKNAME?

Mostrar

muestro, muestras, muestra, mostramos, mostráis, muestan

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (EUKARYOTE, ANIMAL, and PLANT CELLS)

*Composed of membranes that DO NOT CONTAIN RIBOSOMES. *Membranes form a maze of tubes and sacs *Membranous structure is connected to the nuclear envelope

Transition Words OR Phrases

(Words that connect ideas, help a paper to flow) Commas are placed after a transition word or phrase.

Ellipsis

(dot, dot, dot - . . .) Used to show a continuation of sorts (To be continued)

Nucleus (EUKARYOTE, ANIMAL, and PLANT CELLS)

*A porous double membrane (nuclear envelope) surrounds cell's genetic material (DNA) *Houses the nucleolus

Nucleolus (EUKARYOTE, ANIMAL, and PLANT CELLS)

*A prominent structure located inside the nucleus *Components of ribosomes are produced

Metabolic Pathway

*A series of step by step reactions in which a molecule is turned into a desired product. *Each step is catalyzed by an enzyme.

Desert

*An extremely dry area with little water and few plants *__________ and semiarid lands occupy the wide plains in the west and central areas of Central Asia.

Cilia (EUKARYOTE, ANIMAL, and PLANT CELLS)

*Beat like oars from a canoe *Assist in propelling cell through fluid environment (ex: in protists) or propelling substances along the surface of the cell (ex: cells of the human respiratory tract move mucous)

Noncompetitive Inhibitors

*Bind to a location on the enzyme that is NOT the active site. *The change in the active site's shape that results from the inhibitor binding is what inhibits the enzyme.

Competitive Inhibitors

*Binds directly to the active site. *Enzyme is inhibited because the active site is blocked by the inhibitor.

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (EUKARYOTE, ANIMAL, and PLANT CELLS)

*Composed of membranes that are studded with ribosomes *Membranes form a maze of tubes and sacs *Membranous structure is connected to the nuclear envelope

Golgi Apparatus (EUKARYOTE, ANIMAL, and PLANT CELLS)

*Composed of membranes that form stacks

Bound Ribosomes (EUKARYOTE, ANIMAL, and PLANT CELLS)

*Composed of ribosomal RNA (rRNA) and protein *Attached to the endoplasmic reticulum

Free Ribosomes (EUKARYOTE, PROKARYOTE, ANIMAL, and PLANT CELLS)

*Composed of ribosomal RNA (rRNA) and protein. *Suspended in the cytosol of the cell

Cytoskeleton (EUKARYOTE, PROKARYOTE, ANIMAL, and PLANT CELLS)

*Consists of fibers made from various proteins

"R" Group

*Different for each type of Amino Acid and DETERMINES THE CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MOLECULE

WARMER than the optimal.

*Enzyme becomes DENATURED (UNRAVELED). *Rate of reaction decreases RELATIVELY RAPIDLY. *Active site changes shape and may no longer be able to bind substrate.

COLDER than the optimal.

*Enzymes substrates more slowly as temperature decreases from the optimal. *As temperature decreases, the rate of the reaction decreases. *Chance of enzyme and substrate colliding and forming an Enzyme-Substrate Complex is less likely --> LESS PRODUCT FORMED.

Bolivia

*HAS TWO CAPITALS: Las Paz and Sucre

Flagella (EUKARYOTE, PROKARYOTE, ANIMAL, and PLANT CELLS)

*Long tail like extension of cytoskeleton that protrudes out of the cell

Lysosomes (EUKARYOTE, ANIMAL, and PLANT CELLS)

*Membrane enclosed sacs *Contain digestive enzymes *Develop from pieces of the Golgi apparatus that bud and pinch off.

FOOD Vacuole, CONTRACTILE Vacuole, AND CENTRAL Vacuole.

*Membranous sac *Develops from pieces of the ER or Golgi that bud and pinch off

Vesicle (EUKARYOTE, ANIMAL, and PLANT CELLS)

*Membranous sacs that bud and pinch off from ER or Golgi

Golgi Apparatus (EUKARYOTE, ANIMAL, and PLANT CELLS)

*Modifies cellular products from the ER. *The chemical modifications that the Golgi adds to proteins determine how they will be sorted and transported.

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (EUKARYOTE, ANIMAL, and PLANT CELLS)

*Produces more membrane for the cell *Assists in protein folding of proteins that will be exported/secreted by the cell (ex: protein hormones)

Bound Ribosomes (EUKARYOTE, ANIMAL, and PLANT CELLS)

*Produces proteins that will be exported/secreted by the cell (ex: protein hormones)

Free Ribosomes (EUKARYOTE, PROKARYOTE, ANIMAL, and PLANT CELLS)

*Produces proteins that will be used by the cell and will remain in the cell.

Nucleus (EUKARYOTE, ANIMAL, and PLANT CELLS)

*Protects the DNA *Membrane of nucleus regulates what enters and exits the structure

Cytoskeleton (EUKARYOTE, PROKARYOTE, ANIMAL, and PLANT CELLS)

*Provides support for the cell by anchoring organelles. *Connects organelles and allows for movement between them. *Guides chromosomes during cell division

Contractile Vacuole (ONLY EUKARYOTES)

*Pumps out excess water that flows into the cell (analogous to using a bucket to bale out water in a sinking boat).

Comma

*Punctuation used to indicate a pause, as in the following examples: FANBOYS-(Conjunctions, for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so.) Commas are used prior to using one of these words. Quotations-(Indicate dialogue) Commas are used prior to the quotation marks in ALL cases. Appositives-(Unnecessary noun phrase) Commas are used to surround these phrases, both before and after Listing- (Items in a series) Commas are placed after each item in a list of three or more, with the option for the Oxford comma in between the last two items. Transitional words and phrases-(Words that connect ideas, help a paper to flow) Commas are placed after a transition word or phrase

Feint

A deliberately deceptive movement

Dilemma

A difficult or perplexing situation or problem. SYN: predicament, quandary, pickle, bind. ANT: cinch

Feudalism

A political system in which powerful lords owned most of the land.

City-State

A political unit made up of a city and its surrounding lands.

549 MOLECULES OF WATER P-R-O-D-U-C-E-D by the formation of the polymer.

A polymer of starch is 550 monomers long.

Acostarse CONJUGATIONS

ACUESTO, ACUESTAS, ACUEASTA, ACOSTAMOS, ACOSTÁIS, ACUESTAN.

Escribe el correo electrónico.

AFFIRMATIVE TU COMMANDS: ESCRIBIR el correo electrónico.

Habla conmigo.

AFFIRMATIVE TU COMMANDS: HABLAR conmigo.

Lee el libro

AFFIRMATIVE TU COMMANDS: LEER el libro.

HABLAR, COMER, DORMIR

AFFIRMATIVE TU COMMANDS: Use the Ud. / él / ella form of the verb for . . .

Obtain and use materials and energy

All cells need energy to grow, develop and reproduce. The reactions that take place to do these things and to support life is called metabolism.

Constant

All elements of the experiment that stay the same

Optimal PH

All enzymes have an ______________ ______________.

Optimal Temperature

All enzymes have an ______________ ______________.

Son

Ana e Ignacio __________ jóvenes

Terraced Farming

Ancient technique for growing crops on hillsides or mountain slopes; the AZTECS also used this type of farming.

Conjunction EXAMPLES

And, however, still, but, or, so, after, since, before, either, neither, because, unless...

Está

Andrea ___________ contenta porque ella _____________ en Madrid.

Ad Hominem

Argument directed at a particular person, not their position.

Begging the Question

Argument's premise assume the truth of the conclusion instead of supporting it.

Allegory; EXAMPLE: Allegory of the Cave

A story that has a hidden meaning found in either the characters or events in the text.

ENZYME

A substance produced by a living organism that acts as a catalyst to bring about a specific biochemical reaction.

Mitochondria

An organelle that contains a double membrane and uses oxygen and glucose to synthesize ATP.

Context Clues

Clues that a text gives to help the reader identify or better understand the meaning of difficult vocabulary or unfamiliar words. (This can be done through synonyms, antonyms, definitions, examples and explanations.)

Cumbersome

Clumsy, hard to handle; slow-moving. SYN: difficult, ponderous. ANT: manageable, easy to handle.

Conjunctions

Combines thoughts, FANBOYS

Polysaccharides

Complex Carbohydrates

Plasma Membrane

Consists of phospholipids, proteins, and carbohydrates; regulates passage of molecules based on size and chemical properties.

Complete Sentences

Contain a subject, verb, and a complete thought. (They contain a capital letter at the start, and a form of punctuation at the end).

OBSERVATION --> QUESTION --> INFERENCE --> HYPOTHESIS

Create a flow chart about OBSERVATION, INFERENCE, and HYPOTHESIS.

Innovation

Creating something new

Le Gusta

Cristina _____________ GUSTAR la clase de español.

Fats

Cushion Organs (BUBBLE WRAP)

Deforestation

Cuttingdown and clearing away of trees in the rain forest.

Ionic Bond

Electrons are transferred from one atom to another. Results in ions, or atoms that are charged (either positive or negative) but still have complete outer shell, The force holding the two atoms together is an attraction of opposite charge, Weaker than a covalent bond

Está

Elena __________ muy triste.

Conoce

Ella ___ Argentina

Conoce

Ella ___ al señor Martínez.

Conoce

Ella ___ muy bien Houston.

Sabe

Ella ___ quién el el presidente de México.

Sabe

Ella ___ quién es Fernando Botero.

Sabe

Ella ___ quién es José.

Conoce

Ella no ___ a Fernando Botero.

Están

Ellos _______________ en Buenos Aires.

Place

FIVE THEMES OF GEOGRAPHY: The question "What is it like?" Includes the physical features and cultural characteristics of a location.

Maquiladoras

Factories in Mexico that assemble imported materials into finished products that are then exported, mostly to the United States.

Pull Factors

Factors that "PULL" people toward cities. They include higher-paying jobs, better schools, and better medical care.

Push Factors

Factors that "PUSH" people to leave rural areas. They include poor medical care, poor education, low-paying jobs, and ownership of the land by a few rich people.

Covalent Bond

Electrons are shared between two atoms in order to fulfill their outer shell. Ions do not form. The bond that forms is much stronger than a simple charge attraction

Unflinching

Firm, showing no signs of fear

FIRST PERSON Point of View

First hand account, uses I, me, mine, us, our, we.

Polypeptide Chain

Folds into a specific 3D shape, which determines its function

Ellos se levantan temprano porque les gusta trabajar.

Los Pronombres Reflexivos: Ellos LEVANTARSE temprano porque ___ gusta trabajar.

Los Pronombres Reflexivos: HIMSELF, HERSELF, ITSELF, YOURSELF

José se levanta temprano porque le gusta trabajar.

Los Pronombres Reflexivos: José LEVANTARSE temprano porque ___ gusta trabajar.

José se levanta temprano.

Los Pronombres Reflexivos: José LEVANTARSE temprano.

Los Pronombres Reflexivos: MYSELF

Mis amigos se peinan el pelo porque les gusta conocer a las muchachas.

Los Pronombres Reflexivos: Mis amigos PEINARSE el pelo porque ___ gusta conocer a las muchachas.

Mis amigos se peinan el pelo.

Los Pronombres Reflexivos: Mis amigos PEINARSE el pelo.

Nos Bañamos

Los Pronombres Reflexivos: Mis amigos y yo ____________________ BAÑARSE mucho.

Nosotros nos ponemos las camisas elegantes porque nos gusta ir a las fiestas.

Los Pronombres Reflexivos: Nosotros PONERSE las camisas elegantes porque ___ gusta ir a las fiestas.

Nosotros nos ponemos las camisas elegantes.

Los Pronombres Reflexivos: Nosotros PONERSE las camisas elegantes.

Nos

Los Pronombres Reflexivos: OURSELVES

Los Pronombres Reflexivos: THEMSELVES, YOURSELVES

Tú te levantas temprano porque te gusta trabajar.

Los Pronombres Reflexivos: Tú LEVANTARSE temprano porque ___ gusta trabajar.

Te Pones

Los Pronombres Reflexivos: Tú _____________ PONERSE la chaqueta.

Se Peina

Los Pronombres Reflexivos: Ud. _______________ PEINARSE el pelo.

Os Ducháis

Los Pronombres Reflexivos: Vosotros _________________ DUCHARSE cada día.

Los Pronombres Reflexivos: YOURSELF

Los Pronombres Reflexivos: YOURSELVES

Yo me levanto temprano porque me gusta trabajar.

Los Pronombres Reflexivos: Yo LEVANTARSE temprano porque ___ gusta trabajar.

Yo me levanto temprano.

Los Pronombres Reflexivos: Yo LEVANTARSE temprano.

Me Afeito

Los Pronombres Reflexivos: Yo ________________ AFEITARSE por la mañana.

HABLARON

Los bolivianos ______________________ HABLAR español.

Son

Los hermanos de Juan ____________ simpáticos.

Están

Los sacerdotes ____________ en la iglesia.

Madrid ________ la capital de España.

Está

Madrid __________ en España.

Volcano

Magma, gases, and water from the lower part of the crust or the mantle collect in underground chambers. Eventually the materials pour out of a crack in the earth's surface called a ___________.

Judaism, Christianity, Islam, Hinduism, Buddhism, Sikhism, Shintoism, Confucianism, and Taoism

Major religions include...

Dehydration/Condensation Synthesis

Makes the macromolecule and makes water

Lipase

Malassezia globosa is a fungus that is thought to be the cause of human dandruff. The fungus feeds on sebum, the oily substance secreted by glands in the skin to lubricate the skin and hair. The fungus uses lipase to break sebum down into oleic acid. The oleic acid irritates the skin and causes it to shed four times faster than normal. The skin is then shed in days instead of months, resulting in flaky dandruff and a irritated and itchy scalp. *Identify the enzyme described in the passage.

Oleic Acid

Polypeptide

ඞ Produced in both PLANTS and ANIMALS ඞ FUNCTION: Will fold up to form a PROTEIN

Command Economy

A type of economic system in which production of goods and services is determined by a central government, which usually owns the means of production. Also called a planned economy.

Market Economy

A type of economic system in which production of goods and services is determined by the demand from consumers. Also called a demand economy or capitalism.

Berlin Wall

A wall erected by East Germany in 1961 to cut the capital of Berlin in two, and later dismantled in 1989.

Adjective

A word that describes a noun.

Adverb

A word that modifies a verb, an adjective, or another adverb.

Ring of Fire

A zone around the rim of the Pacific Ocean, is the location of the vast majority of active volcanoes.

Lysosomes (EUKARYOTE, ANIMAL, and PLANT CELLS)

*Breaks down large molecules (ex: polysaccharides, proteins, fats) into smaller molecules *Enclosed membrane of lysosome confines enzymes so that digestion of molecules can happen safely without digesting critical cell parts. *Assists in recycling old worn-out cellular organelles *Assists with immune function by destroying harmful bacteria

Tanto(a)/tantos(as) + sustantivo + como.

*Comparación de igualidad "as much/many ... as"

Sucrose's active site will only accept sucrose. The shape of the active site will not fit any other molecules. Therefore, sucrose cannot break down maltose.

Sucrase is the enzyme that breaks down sucrose into glucose and fructose. Will sucrose also catalyze the breakdown of maltose into smaller sugars? Use what you have just read about enzyme specificity to briefly explain your answer.

Spasmodic

Sudden and violent but brief; fitful; intermittent. SYN: irregular, occasional. ANT: steady, continuous, chronic.

Arable

Suitable for growing crops

Covalent bond

Share electrons; electrons travels about nuclei of both atoms

Enfermo

Sick

El Niño

The warming of the waters off the west coast of South America—known as _____________—is a natural change in the climate.

DIRECT Characterization

The way in which an author describes or reveals a character through adjectives, epithets, or phrases.

INDIRECT Characterization

The way in which an author shows the character's personality through speech, body language, action, and appearance.

Las palabras

The words

El mundo

The world

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum

This organelle is part of an eukaryotic cell's endomembrane system. It is studded with ribosomes and is connected to the nuclear membrane.

Central Vacuole

This plant organelle may store pigments but it mainly stores large amounts of water.

Catabolic

To BREAK DOWN; hydrolysis

Anabolic

To BUILD; a synthesis reaction

Aconsejar

To advise

Llegar

To arrive

Asistir a

To attend

Bañarse

To bathe

Poder (ue)

To be able to

Estar contento

To be happy

Soler (ue)

To be in the habit of

Estar seguro

To be sure

Creer

To believe

Cepillarse

To brush

Comprar

To buy

Llamar

To call

Llevarse a cabo

To carry out

Admonish

To caution or advise against something; to scold mildly; to remind of a duty. SYN: warn, reprimand, call on the carpet. ANT: praise, pat on the back.

Idolotry

What reason did God give for allowing the people of Judah to be taken into captivity?

Ruler over Israel, from Bethlehem, AND Shepard his flock

What references to Jesus can you find in the book of Micah?

Sugar

What resource was the source of Portugal's wealth in Brazil?

Dehydration Synthesis

What results in the FORMATION of WATER MOLECULES?

Red Sea

What sea did God drown the Egyptian army in to get the Israelites safely across?

Florida

What state is this

Alabama

What state is this?

Alaska

What state is this?

Arizona

What state is this?

Arkansas

What state is this?

California

What state is this?

Colorado

What state is this?

Connecticut

What state is this?

Delaware

What state is this?

Georgia

What state is this?

Hawaii

What state is this?

Idaho

What state is this?

Illinois

What state is this?

Indiana

What state is this?

Iowa

What state is this?

Kansas

What state is this?

Kentucky

What state is this?

Lousiana

What state is this?

Maine

What state is this?

Maryland

What state is this?

Massachusetts

What state is this?

Michigan

What state is this?

Minnesota

What state is this?

Mississippi

What state is this?

Missouri

What state is this?

Montana

What state is this?

Nebraska

What state is this?

Nevada

What state is this?

New Hampshire

What state is this?

New Jersey

What state is this?

North Carolina

What state is this?

North Dakota

What state is this?

Oklahoma

What state is this?

Oregon

What state is this?

Rhode Island

What state is this?

South Carolina

What state is this?

South Dakota

What state is this?

Tennessee

What state is this?

Texas

What state is this?

Utah

What state is this?

Vermont

What state is this?

Virginia

What state is this?

Washington

What state is this?

Wisconsin

What state is this?

Wyoming

What state is this?

DNA, Ribosomes, Cytoplasm, AND the Cell Membrane

What structures are the SAME in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells (ALL CELLS)?

Confusion of Languages

What was God's judgement on the world after the tower of Babel?

NAFTA was designed to create jobs and bring prosperity to millions of people.

What was NAFTA designed to do?

CAIN killed ABEL

What was the FIRST MURDER in the bible?

Circumcision

What was the sign of the covenant with Abraham?

Not cut hair, no wine, don't touch dead bodies

What were the THREE main elements of the NAZIRITE VOW?

Disobedience and Self-Reliance

What were the main reasons God took the kingdom away from Saul?

Must marry a brother's widow, protect family land.

What were the responsibilities of a KINSMAN REDEEMER?

¿Qué tal?

What ́s up? How are you?

Induced Fit

When the enzyme binds the substrate it fits perfectly into the active site. In order to hold onto the substrate tightly, it will clamp down on the substrate.

Singular

When using verb infinitives, do you use the singular or plural form of GUSTAR?

Recordar

recuerdo, recuerdas, recuerda, recordamos, recodáis, recuerdan

Water is a good solvent because of its polarity. The distribution of charge across the molecule allows it to interact with the charges on other polar substances to dissolve them.

Why is water such a good solvent?

He was too YOUNG.

Why was Jeremiah afraid when the Lord called him?

Disobedience to God

Why was Moses NOT allowed to enter the Promised Land?

God's deliverance of His people from slavery.

Why were the Israelites commanded to celebrate the Passover feast?

Biodiversity

Wide range of plant and animal species; EXAMPLE: Amazon Rainforest

Compró una de algodón.

¿Compró una camisa de seda o una camisa de algodón? *Compró ___________________________________________________.

With whom?

¿Con quién?

Prefiero la estadounidense.

¿Cuál prefieres, la Betty colombiana o la Betty estadounidense? *Prefiero ___________________________________________________.

Usé la segunda.

¿Cuál usaste, la primera compañía o la segunda compañía? *Usé ___________________________________________________.

What? / Which one? (Always use ¿Cuál? with the verb SER to to mean"What?," unless you want a definition; then use ¿Qué?.

¿Cuál?

Prefiero los oscuros.

¿Cuáles prefieres, los colores claros o los colores oscuros? *Prefiero ___________________________________________________.

Which ones?

¿Cuáles?

When?

¿Cuándo?

Traduce del inglés al español: How long have you been playing (tocar) the piano?

¿Cuánto tiempo hace que tocas el piano?

How much? / How many?

¿Cuánto, -a, -os, -as?

Sabes

¿Cómo ___ tú quién es mi mejor amigo?

Eres

¿Cómo __________ tú? -- Alto, guapo e inteligente.

Estás

¿Cómo __________ tú? -- Bien.

Eres

¿Cómo ____________ tú? -- Guapa, deportista y artística.

Estás

¿Cómo ____________ tú? -- Muy bien.

How?

¿Cómo?

From where?

¿De dónde?

Of/About whom?

¿De quién?

Where?

¿Dónde?

Encontré una de cuero.

¿Encontraste una chaqueta de lana o una chaqueta de cuero? *Encontré ___________________________________________________.

Escogí la de Da Vinky

¿Escogiste la Mona Lisa de Botero o la Mona Lisa de Leonardo Da Vinci? *Escogí ___________________________________________________.

Why?

¿Por qué?

Preferimos los de Best Buy.

¿Prefieren (Uds.) los precios de Fry's o los precios de Best Buy? *Preferimos ___________________________________________________.

Prefiero ponerme usos cortos.

¿Prefieres ponerte unos calcetines largos o cortos? *Prefiero ___________________________________________________.

Who?

¿Quién(es)?

Me gusta mas el de Botero.

¿Qué cuadro te gusta más, el cuadro de Botero o el cuadro de Velázquez? *Me gusta más___________________________________________________.

Estoy

¿Qué tal? -- Yo ___________ bien.

Busco unas grandes.

¿Qué tallas buscas, unas tallas grandes o unas tallas medianas? *Busco ___________________________________________________.

What?

¿Qué?

Está

¿Y dónde __________ el gimnasio?

Él _________ un buen atleta.

Secondary Structure

ඞ BACKBONE of the polypeptide folds on itself using HYDROGEN BONDS

Unsaturated Fat

ඞ Contains a DOUBLE BOND in the fatty acid chain ඞ Bent structure forms KINK so fatty acids don't stack nicely ඞ Liquid @ Room Temperature ඞ Plant Fats, Examples: Soybean Oil, Peanut Oil

Saturated Fat

ඞ Contains as many HYDROGENS as possible; saturated with hydrogen. ඞ Fatty Acids Stack Well ඞ Solid @ Room Temperature ඞ Animal Fats, Example: Bacon Grease

Tertiary Structure

ඞ More folding that involves "R" GROUPS and a variety of bonds: ඞ HYDROGEN ඞ COVALENT (SPECIAL ONE - - > DISULFIDE BRIDGE) ඞ IONIC ඞ VAN DER WAALS ඞ HYDROPHOBIC INTERACTION

Amino Acids

ඞ Produced by both PLANTS and ANIMALS ඞ FUNCTION: Monomer of Proteins ඞ The CARBOXYL END of one Amino Acid will bond with amino end of another and H20 will be produced

Primary Structure

ඞ SEQUENCE or ORDER of Amino Acids ඞ AKA the POLYPEPTIDE CHAIN

Quaternary Structure

ඞ SOME proteins have this level (HEMOGLOBIN) ඞ MULTIPLE FOLDED POLYPEPTIDES come together to form a larger protein

the Holocaust

A program of mass murder of two-thirds of European Jews and the murder of other minorities.

Economy

Consists of the production and exchange of goods and services among a group of people.

Aqueduct

Structures that carried water for long distances.

Greenhouse Effect

The layer of gases released by the burning of coal and oil traps some solar energy, causing higher temperatures in the same way that a greenhouse traps solar energy.

Crusades

A series of wars to take the Holy Land from the Muslims.

New York

What state is this?

Ohio

What state is this?

Pennsylvania

What state is this?

Está

Juanita ___________ en México.

Polymers

Lipids are NOT TRUE _____________.

Hagar

Who is the mother of Ishmael?

Norway and Sweden

Which countries are located on the SCANDINAVIAN PENINSULA?

Babylon

Which foreign world power took Judah into captivity?

Hosea

Which minor prophet was faithful to his wife, Gomer, like God was faithful to Israel?

the Day of Atonement

Which observance in Lecviticus was an annual sacrifice for everyone's sin?

Absalom

Which of David's sons schemes to seize the throne and kill him?

Amnon

Which of David's sons sexually assaults Tamar?

Elihu

Which of Job's "comforters" closes his monologue with a review of the greatness and fairness of God?

Lamentations

Which of the books of prophesy consist of FIVE FUNERAL DIRGES that poetically describe the aftermath of Jerusalem's destruction by Babylon?

Psalms of LAMENT

Which type of psalm expresses grief of need?

Mordecai and Esther

Who does God use to protect the Jews in the book of Esther?

Delilah

Who does Samson tell the secret of his strength to?

Entero

Whole

Manitoba

Winnipeg

(Which) ¿Cuáles______ zapatos prefieres?

(Which) ¿__________ zapatos prefieres?

(Whom) ¿De quién hablan Uds.?

(Whom) ¿De__________ hablan Uds.?

Man VS. Man

A conflict a character has with another character.

Man VS. Technology

A conflict a character has with any type of machine or computer.

Man VS. Supernatural

A conflict a character has with fictional beings, ie: ghosts, vampires, zombies, etc.

Man VS. Self

A conflict a character has with him or herself.

Man VS. Nature

A conflict a character has with weather, animals, or any other type of nature.

yo COMÍ

Conjugation --> PRETÉRITO: Yo com_________ (COMER)

yo ESCRIBÍ

Conjugation --> PRETÉRITO: Yo escrib___________ (ESCRIBIR)

yo HABLÉ

Conjugation --> PRETÉRITO: Yo habl______________ (HABLAR)

Fats

Consists of ONE molecule of GLYCEROL and THREE molecules of FATTY ACIDS

El verbo GUSTAR - - -> El pronombre: _________ (to him, to her, you formal)

Honduras

Tegucigalpa

Optimal Temperature

Temperature when the reaction is highest.

Permafrost

That the subsoil is constantly frozen. In the summer, which lasts for only a few weeks, the temperature may reach slightly above 40°F.

Eastern Orthodoxy

The Christian church split into two major branches: Roman Catholicism, centered in Rome, in the West; and ________________ _______________, sometimes called Greek Orthodoxy, in the East.

Roman Catholicism

The Christian church split into two major branches: ______________ _____________, centered in Rome, in the West; and Eastern Orthodoxy, sometimes called Greek Orthodoxy, in the East.

Dependent Variable

The MEASURABLE effect, outcome, or response in which the research is interested.

Socialism

The government controls most of a country's means of production and the distribution of goods and services. Other aspects of the economy are subject to market forces. Example: Tanzania.

Loyalty

What character trait stood out in both Boaz and Ruth?

Polar covalent bonds

What connects hydrogen to oxygen atoms in a single water molecule?

Hydrogen Bonds

What connects two water molecules?

Adhesion, Cohesion, Hydrogen Bonding

What contributes to the movement of water to the vessels of a plant?

Assyria and Babylon

What countries carried the two kingdoms into captivity?

Chile is South America's greatest economic success story.

What country is South America's greatest economic success story?

He wanted them to be punished for their sins.

What did Habakkuk want God to do with Judah?

Mara

What did Naomi change her name to?

EUKARYOTIC cells contain more MEMBRANE-BOUND organelles. *Endoplasmic Reticulum *Golgi Apparatus *Vacuole *Lysosome *Vesicle -------->etc. *MOST EUKARYOTIC CELLS ARE BIGGER THAN PROKARYOTIC CELLS.

What differences are there between a prokaryotic and eukaryotic cell?

Regathering AND Reviving of Gods people.

What does Ezekiel's vision of DRY BONES teach about Judah's future?

Sugar

What does SACCHARIDES mean?

the LORD saves

What does the name "JOSHUA" mean?

GOD WITH US

What does the name IMMANUEL mean?

Bonds formed by CONDENSATION/DEHYDRATION SYNTHESIS

What does the pink marks on this diagram represent?

The METABOLISM of an organism is all of the chemical reactions that must occur in their cells to support life.

What does the term "METABOLISM" mean.

Second Law

What does the word "DEUTERONOMY" mean?

true NUCLEUS

What does the word EUKARYOTE mean?

before NUCLEUS; means that prokaryotic cells do NOT have a true nucleus.

What does the word PROKARYOTE mean?

Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen

What elements are present in CARBOHYDRATES?

He cant speak well, send someone else, what if Israel doesn't believe him.

What excuses did Moses give to God to avoid leading Israel?

Honor the Sabbath, tithing, purify temple rooms, AND exclude foreign pagans

What final reforms did Nehemiah pursue in Jerusalem?

Many of the countries of the region have put in place free market economies that they hope will eventually help to narrow the gap by providing economic opportunity and stability for all citizens.

What is a possible solution for the INCOME GAP in Latin America?

Torah

What is the JEWISH name for the first FIVE books?

Fear Lord --> Wisdom

What is the MESSAGE for the book of PROVERBS?

Enjoying the mysterious gift of life.

What is the MESSAGE of the book of ECCLESIASTES?

Suffering saint meets sovereign God.

What is the MESSAGE of the book of JOB?

PRAYERS and PRAISES of God's people

What is the MESSAGE of the book of PSALMS?

Exaltation of married life.

What is the MESSAGE of the book of Song of Songs?

Catalyze/speed up the rate of chemical reactions.

What is the function of ENZYMES?

to STORE energy (LONG TERM)

What is the function of STARCH?

Glucose

What is the most common monomer of complex carbohydrates and the cell's preferred energy source?

The ultimate truth of God's truth. As christian's, we view science as a way to explore God's creation and seek His truth.

What is the ultimate TRUTH of science?

They contain carbon and hydrogen

What is true for ALL carbohydrates?

Rebuilding the temple AND spiritual revival

What key events are recorded in the book of Ezra?

POLITICAL and MILITARY

What kind of leaders were the judges of the tribes?

Nathan

Who is the prophet that tells David a powerful and convincing parable?

Philistines

Who kills Eli's sons and captures the ark?

Solomon

Who most likely wrote the book of Song of Songs?

Moses

Who ordained the priest to represent the people before God and the tabernacle?

Rahab

Who protected the SPIES Joshua sent to Jericho?

Joseph

Who saved their family from the FAMINE in Egypt?

Rehoboam

Who succeeded as king of Israel after Solomon died?

Assyria and Babylon

Who took Israel into captivity?

Deborah

Who was the ONLY WOMAN JUDGE?

Jeroboam

Who was the first ruler of the NORTHERN KINGDOM?

Rehoboam

Who was the first ruler of the SOUTHERN KINGDOM?

Cyrus

Who was the king of Persia that allowed the Jews to return to Jerusalem to rebuild the temple?

Samuel

Who was the last judge who also was a priest in Israel?

Amos

Who was the simple Shepard the Lord used to pronounce judgement on Israel's social sins?

Ruth and Orphah

Who were Naomi's daughter-in-laws?

David

Who wrote about half of the psalms?

Moses

Who wrote the first FIVE books of the Bible?

Israel

Who's name means "WRESTLES WITH GOD"?

An enzyme molecule will only accept the substrate whose shape matches the shape of it's active site.

Why are enzymes very specific?

Lipids contain CARBON

Why are lipids considered ORGANIC?

Universal Wickedness

Why did God bring the flood on the world?

Fought too many wars AND shed to much blood

Why did God not allow David to build the temple?

He did not want the Ninevites to repent.

Why did Jonah refuse God's command to preach to Nineveh?

To be like other nations.

Why did the Israelites say they wanted a king?

Foolish Pride of Rehoboam

Why did the kingdom split after Solomon's death?

He felt threatened by the increasing population.

Why did the pharaoh enslave the Hebrews?

Respect for office of king because God anointed them.

Why didn't David take Saul's life, even though he had more than one chance?

When we do something to ourselves.

Why do we use reflexive pronouns?

*Prevents a waste of energy and resources. *Prevents toxic buildup of molecules that can damage the cell.

Why do you think God designed FEEDBACK INHIBITION?

Water can be transported through blood and plant vessels.

Why is ADHESION important to living things?

Central America is a cultural hearth as well as a crossroads. A cultural hearth is a place from which important ideas spread. Usually, it is the heartland or place of origin of a major culture. The Mayan people built a great civilization in the area that spread throughout the region.

Why is Ancient Central America considered a cultural Hearth?

~ Provides a force that draws water out of roots, into the plant, and upward to the leaves ~ Without water, the cells of the leaves could not perform photosynthesis.

Why is CAPILLARY ACTION important to living things?

~ Useful for insects and animals that walk on the water to find food or escape predators because it allows for high surface tension. ~ It also allows water to collect together to form bodies of water for aquatic habitats

Why is COHESION important to living things?

~ This prevents entire bodies of water from freezing solid and insulates the life beneath the ice. ~ Ice will float -polar ice caps reflect massive amount of heat energy from the sun that would otherwise bake the planet earth

Why is DENSITY EXPANSION important to living things?

Large bodies of water absorb and release heat slowly over time, moderating our climate and preventing extreme temperature shifts on earth.

Why is HIGH HEAT CAPACITY important to living things?

When humans sweat or dogs pant, they lose excess heat and feel cool.

Why is HIGH HEAT OF EVAPORATION important to living things?

Important dissolved elements that are used for living things include: IODINE for proper thyroid function in humans, FLUORINE for proper teeth formation and dental health NITROGEN (plants need to absorb nitrogen from the soil and water allows them to pull it in and transport it.

Why is POLARITY important to living things?

Protein contains CARBON.

Why is protein considered an ORGANIC macromolecule?

The rain forest is an important global resource. Its vegetation helps to clean the earth's atmosphere, regulate the climate, and shelter several million species of plants, insects, and other wildlife.

Why is the AMAZON RAINFOREST important?

TRADE; the Panama Canal made possible the exchange of both goods and ideas.

Why is the Panama Canal important?

The hydrogen side of the molecule is slightly positive and the oxygen side of the molecule is slightly negative this is because oxygen is electronegative and has a stronger pull on the shared electrons.

Why is water polar?

MLA Format

_________ _________ refers the style recommended by the Modern Language Association (MLA) for preparing scholarly manuscripts and student research papers. *EXAMPLE: https://owl.purdue.edu/owl/research_and_citation/mla_style/mla_formatting_and_style_guide/mla_sample_paper.html

Twenty AMINO ACIDS

_________ ____________ _____________ exist to make ALL proteins.

SER

__________ expresa característica inherente: AGE, OCCUPATION, RELIGION, NATIONALITY/ORIGIN, POSSESSION.

Pathos

__________ is an appeal made to an audience's emotions in order to evoke feeling. ___________ is one of the three primary modes of persuasion, along with logos and ethos. ___________ is a also a key component of literature which, like most other forms of art, is designed to inspire emotion from its readers

DRY MIX: Independent Variable

__________ is on the X AXIS

Son

__________ mis libros. Los libros __________ de Josefina.

Calypso

__________ songs are accompanied by steel drums and guitars, and they have improvised lyrics.

Proper Nouns

___________ _________ are specific people, places, or things.

ESTAR

___________ expresa condición (what something "seems like," "looks like," "feels like," "tastes like,") y localización

DRY MIX: Dependent Variable

___________ is on the Y AXIS

Ethos

_____________, in rhetoric, the character or emotions of a speaker or writer that are expressed in the attempt to persuade an audience. It is distinguished from pathos, which is the emotion the speaker or writer hopes to induce in the audience.

Somos

______________ Católicos.

Testimonial

a FORMAL STATEMENT

Estoy hablando, Estamos comiendo, Estás escribiendo.

examples of ESTAR + PRESENT PROGRESSIVE VERB TENSE.

Experimental Group

A group of subjects who are exposed to the variable under study

Nomad

A person with no permanent home who moves according to the seasons from place to place in search of food, water, and grazing land.

Polysaccharides

(MANY SUGARS)

CHON; Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, and Nitrogen

96% of living matter is composed of what four elements?

Prince Edward Island

Charlottetown

ella COMIÓ

Conjugation --> PRETÉRITO: Ella com_________ (COMER)

Está

Esta comida __________ sabrosa.

Steroids

FOUR FUSED RINGS

Guatemala

Guatemala City

Common Nouns

Generic people, places, or things.

ANDUV-

IRREGULAR PRETERITE CONJUGATION: andar

Peru

Lima

Nicaragua

Managua

Uruguay

Montevideo

Protein Backbone

N-C-C

Suriname

Paramaribo

El extranjero

The foreigner

Nation-State

When a nation and a state occupy the same territory.

Verb

an ACTION WORD

Contar

cuento, cuentas, cuenta, contamos, contáis, cuentan

Quotations

(Indicate dialogue) Commas are used prior to the quotation marks in ALL cases.

when to use commas when LISTING.

(Items in a series) Commas are placed after each item in a list of three or more, with the option for the Oxford comma in between the last two items.

Monosaccharide

(ONE SUGAR)

HACE + time expressions + QUE + verbo en presente:

(Subject of verb) ... have / has been ...-ing + for ... (quantity of time)

Disaccharide

(TWO SUGARS)

Appositives

(Unnecessary noun phrase) Commas are used to surround these phrases, both before and after

Plasma Membrane (EUKARYOTE, PROKARYOTE, ANIMAL, and PLANT CELLS)

*Semipermeable and regulates what enters and exits the cell. *Glycoproteins (proteins with carbohydrates attached) play a role in cell-to-cell recognition *Protein receptors on cell surface are involved in cell-to-cell communication *Some proteins in multicellular organisms assist in anchoring cells to other cells

Cilia (EUKARYOTE, ANIMAL, and PLANT CELLS)

*Short extensions of the cytoskeleton that protrude out of the cell. *Looks like tiny hairs covering the surface of the cell

Mitochondria; HAVE THEIR OWN DNA (EUKARYOTE, ANIMAL, and PLANT CELLS)

*Site of cellular respiration *The mitochondria utilize glucose and oxygen to produce carbon dioxide and energy (in the form of ATP) for the cell.

Chloroplast; HAVE THEIR OWN DNA (EUKARYOTES, PROKARYOTES, and PLANT CELLS)

*Site of photosynthesis *The chloroplast uses the energy from sunlight to fuel a reaction in which carbon dioxide and water produce glucose and oxygen.

Food Vacuole (EUKARYOTE, ANIMAL, and PLANT CELLS)

*Stores nutrients for the cell.

Central Vacuole (ONLY EUKARYOTES and PLANTS)

*Stores organic nutrients (particularly important in seeds) *Absorbs water, causes cells to expand. Accounts for greater than half the plant cell volume. *Some may contain pigments to attract pollinating insects. *Some may contain poisons that protect the plant from animals that eat them (ex: nicotine, caffeine)

BOTH Competitive Inhibitors AND Noncompetitive Inhibitors

*Substrate cannot attach to the active site. *Enzyme function is disrupted.

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (EUKARYOTE, ANIMAL, and PLANT CELLS)

*Synthesizes lipids (ex: steroid hormones that are exported from the cell, estrogen and testosterone are examples) *Produces enzymes that assist with detoxification (ex: liver has lots of smooth ER to assist with breakdown of drugs and alcohol)

Vesicle (EUKARYOTE, ANIMAL, and PLANT CELLS)

*Transport vesicle transfers materials from one membrane-bound organelle to another (ex: from the ER to the Golgi) *Secretory vesicle transfers materials from a membrane-bound organelle to the cell membrane, where it is exported/secreted from the cell.

Mitochondria; HAVE THEIR OWN DNA (EUKARYOTE, ANIMAL, and PLANT CELLS)

*Two membranes that are arranged to form compartments. *Inner compartment consists of many folds called cristae. *Inner compartment contains a thick fluid called the matrix

Chloroplast; HAVE THEIR OWN DNA (EUKARYOTES, PROKARYOTES, and PLANT CELLS)

*Two membranes that are arranged to form compartments. *The innermost compartment contains membrane *Enclosed disks (thylakoids) that are suspended in a fluid (stroma) *Membrane disks contain photosynthetic pigments (ex: chlorophyll)

Flagella (EUKARYOTE, PROKARYOTE, ANIMAL, and PLANT CELLS)

*Whips back and forth to propel the cell through a fluid environment (ex: tail-like structure that propels sperm)

Irregular Preterite Endings

-e, -iste, -o, -imos, -isteis, -ieron *NO ACCENT MARKS*

Brigand

A bandit, robber, outlaw, highwayman. SYN: Thief

Alien

A citizen of another country

Red Herring

A clue intending to be misleading.

Mixed Economy

A combination of command and market economies provides goods and services so that all people will benefit.

Euro

A common currency proposed by the European Union for its member nations.

Thesis Statement

A complete sentence that contains the main idea/argument of the essay.

Man VS. Society

A conflict a character has with a group of others.

Carboxyl Group

A functional group present in organic acids and consisting of a single carbon atom double-bonded to an oxygen atom and also bonded to a hydroxyl group.

Amino Group

A functional group that consists of a nitrogen atom bonded to two hydrogen atoms

Tsunami

A giant wave in the ocean usually caused by an earthquake.

Un dios

A god

Republic

A government in which citizens elect representatives to rule in their name.

Continental Drift

A hypothesis explaining that the earth was once a supercontinent that was divided and slowly drifted apart over millions of years.

GULF OF MEXICO

A large gulf off the southeastern coast of North America

Polymer

A large molecule made up of many similar subunits/Long chain formed by linking together many monomers

ANDES MOUNTAINS

A large system of mountain ranges located along the Pacific coast of Central and South America

Glacier

A large, long-lasting mass of ice that moves because of gravity.

Drought

A long period of time without rain or with very minimal rainfall.

AMAZON RIVER

A major river in South America that flows through Peru, Bolivia, Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador and Brazil.

Mayas

A member of an indigenous people of Yucatán and adjacent areas; a people who established a great civilization in Central America

Inca

A member of the Quechen peoples of South America who built a civilization in the Andes Mountains in the 15th and 16th centuries.

Nucleus

A membrane-bound structure that contains and protects DNA.

Caudillo

A military dictator or political boss, such as Juan Perón in Argentina.

Four COVALENT Bonds

A molecule of carbon will form how many bonds with other atoms?

the Taiga

A nearly continuous belt of evergreen coniferous forests across the Northern Hemisphere, in North America and Eurasia.

YUCATAN PENINSULA

A peninsula in Central America extending into the Gulf of Mexico between the Bay of Campeche and the Caribbean Sea.

Reformation

A period when many Christians broke away from the Catholic Church and started Protestant churches.

Noun

A person, place, thing, or idea.

Appositives

A phrase that use a modifier to describe something (when you take the modifier out, the sentence still makes sense and is complete).

Cultural Hearth

A place from which important ideas spread. Usually, it is the heartland or place of origin of a major culture.

Controlled Experiment

A process that is designed to test a hypothesis.

PROTEIN ---> AMINO ACIDS + H20 *Protein is being produced so it has to be by itself in the reaction.

A protein is a polymer that is composed of many monomers called amino acids. Which of the following chemical reactions depicts the production of a protein by condensation synthesis?

Comma

A punctuation mark used to indicate a pause or separation.

Semicolon

A punctuation mark used to join two independent clauses together, without the use of a conjunction. The sentences MUST be related in meaning. (This mark can also be used with listing but we will not be covering that this year).

Megalopolis

A region in which several large cities and surrounding areas grow together.

Parliament

A representative lawmaking body whose members are elected or appointed.

Logos

A rhetorical or persuasive appeal to the audience's logic and rationality. Examples of ________ can be found in argumentative writing and persuasive arguments, in addition to literature and poetry.

Jeer

A rude remark of derision

Monarchy

A ruling family headed by a king or queen holds politi- cal power and may or may not share the power with citizen bodies. Example: the United Kingdom or Saudi Arabia.

A sample with a pH of 2 is __________ acidic than a sample with a pH of 6.

Less Alkaline (Basic)

A sample with a pH of 8 is _________ ________ than a sample with a pH of 10.

CARIBBEAN SEA

A sea bounded on the north and east by the West Indies, and by Central and South America on the west and south

Deadlock

A standstill resulting from the opposition of two equal forces or fractions; (v) to bring to such a standstill. SYN: (n) standoff, stalemate, impasse. ANT: (n) agreement, accord, breakthrough.

Symbolism

A tangible item representing an idea, thought or feeling.

ENZYME-SUBSTRATE COMPLEX

A temporary complex formed when an enzyme binds to its substrate molecule.

Yurt

A tent of Central Asia's nomads.

Animistic

A traditional belief often with a belief in divine forces of nature

Judah will be restored.

According to Zephaniah, what will happen to Judah after the day of the Lord?

H+

Acids produce __________ when dissolved in water.

WARMER than the optimal.

Active site changes shape and may no longer be able to bind substrate.

Meaningful Revisions

Adding, removing, moving, substituting words or phrases to develop a more cohesive piece. In addition to checking for capitalization, usage, punctuation, and spelling.

ARMS

Additions, revisions, movement, AND substitutions

Edom

Against which nation did Obadiah prophesy?

Interjection EXAMPLES

Ahem!, aha!, gosh!, aw!, great!, hey!, hi!, hooray!, oh!, yeah!, oops!, phew!, eh!, oh!, ouch!, hi!, well!...

Lipids

All are HYDROPHOBIC and NONPOLAR

Based on Universal Genetic Code

All organisms encode genetic information into molecules of DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid). This information is responsible for the traits that the individual exhibits.

Cholesterol, the BASE STEROID (the framework of all lipid steroids)

All steroids are made from _____________.

Movement

FIVE THEMES OF GEOGRAPHY: The question "How do people, goods, and ideas move from one location to another?"

Steroids

Allows cells/organs (HORMONES) in the body to communicate with each other

También

Also, Too

Siempre

Always

El, La, Los, and Las

Always use ________,__________,_________, and __________ with reflexive verbs when talking about body parts or clothing. EXAMPLE: Me lavo las manos.

the verb GUSTAR

Always use the definite article (el, la, los, las) with _____________.

High Heat Capacity

Amount of energy needed to raise water's temperature by making its molecules move faster; water takes a lot of energy to warm up (no dramatic temperature change which is good for aquatic wildlife and all life here on earth is possible)

Compare and Contrast Text Structure

An analysis that shows similarities and differences between two items, events, or text.

Collective Farm

An enormous farm in the Soviet Union on which a large team of laborers were gathered to work together during Joseph Stalin's reign.

Dictatorship

An individual or group holds complete political power. Example: Belarus.

Ecosystem

An interdependent community of plants and animals.

Breach

An opening, gap, rupture, rift; a violation or infraction; (v.) to create an opening SYN: X ANT: (v) close, seal.

Service Industry

Any kind of economic activity that produces a service rather than a product.

Feminine

Any word ending in -ción, -sión, -tad, or -dad is always ______________.

Masculine

Any word that is a cognate and ends in -ma is ______________ (programa, crucigrama, etc).

Are there monomers of LIPIDS?

COLDER than the optimal.

As temperature decreases, the rate of the reaction decreases.

Earthquake

As the plates grind or slip past each other at a fault, the earth shakes or trembles. This sometimes violent movement of the earth is an ______________.

Theory

BASED ON EVIDENCE; Definition --> a tested and highly scientific explanation of events in the natural world that unifies many repeated observations and incorporates a durable, well-supported hypothesis.

MEJOR QUE

BETTER THAN

Paraguay

Asunción

Electronegativity

Attracts electrons more strongly

Mediocre

Average, ordinary, undistinguished

Cell Membrane, Ribosome, Cytoplasm, DNA, and a Cell Wall

BACTERIAL/PROKARYOTIC CELLS have. . .

Mixed Marriages

In the book of Ezra, what undermined the proper worship of the Lord at the temple?

Algunas de las chicas necesitan un lápiz.

Based on the context of the sentence, translate the word from English into Spanish: SOME de los estudiantes necesitan un lápiz.

OH-1

Bases produce _________ when dissolved in water.

Adjective EXAMPLES

Beautiful, seven, cute, second, tall, blue, angry, brave, careful, healthy, little, old, generous, red, smart, two, small, tall, some, good, big, useful, interesting...

Renaissance

Began in the Italian city-states, and was a time of renewed interest in learning and the arts that lasted from the 14th through 16th centuries. It was inspired by classical art and writings.

Polytheistic

Belief in many gods

Monotheistic

Belief in one God

Belize

Belmopan

Numerous, Destructive, AND Powerful

In the book of Joel, how was the invading army like a plague of locusts?

Columbia

Bogotá

Cytoskeleton

Consists of fibers that move chromosomes during cell division and provide a framework to connect organelles.

Reggae and Calypso

Both ___________ and ___________ music started in the Caribbean.

Brazil

Brasilia

Hydro (WATER) lysis (BREAK)

Breaks polymers down to individual monomers. ADDS A WATER MOLECULE, BREAKING THE BOND

Terse

Brief and to the point

Lucrative

Bringing in money

Argentina

Buenos Aires

Fortify

Build up

TO BE PLEASING TO

But think about GUSTAR literally as __________________.

Plants

CELLULOSE is in ____________.

DO NOT

COLDER TEMPERATURES _____________ DENATURE enzymes.

Tomás es bilingüe. Alfonso es más bilingúe que Tomás. Joaquín es el amigo más bilingüe de todos (de los tres).

COMPARISONS AND SUPERLATIVES: amigo/bilingüe: Tomás/Alfonso/Joaquín

El inglés es interesante. La historia es más interesante que el inglés. Las matemáticas son la clase más interesante de todas (de las tres).

COMPARISONS AND SUPERLATIVES: clase/interesante: inglés/historia/matemáticas

El VW es rápido. El Porsche es más rápido que el VW. El Lamborghini es el coche más rápido de todos (de los tres).

COMPARISONS AND SUPERLATIVES: coche/rápido: VW/Porsche/Lamborghini

Paula es baja. Claudia es más baja que Paula. Aurelio es la persona más baja de todos (de los tres).

COMPARISONS AND SUPERLATIVES: persona/bajo: Paula/Claudia/Aurelio

Roberto es inteligente. Alejandro es más inteligente que Roberto. Susana es la persona más inteligente de todos (de los tres).

COMPARISONS AND SUPERLATIVES: persona/inteligente: Roberto/Alejandro/Susana

Ella está corriendo ahora mismo.

CONJUGATE WITH PRESENT PROGRESSIVE VERB TENSE: Ella CORRER ahora mismo.

Ellas comen con muchas personas.

CONJUGATE WITH PRESENT PROGRESSIVE VERB TENSE: Ellas COMER con muchas personas.

En este momento, estamos LEYENDO libros en clase.

CONJUGATE WITH PRESENT PROGRESSIVE VERB TENSE: En este momento, nosotros LEER libros en clase.

Estamos lavamos los platos ahora. *BECAUSE THERE WAS A TIME (which was present tense)*

CONJUGATE WITH PRESENT PROGRESSIVE VERB TENSE: Nosotros LAVAR los platos ahora.

Leemos libros en clase hoy.

CONJUGATE WITH PRESENT PROGRESSIVE VERB TENSE: Nosotros LEER libros en clase hoy.

Estoy comiendo ahora. *BECAUSE THERE WAS A TIME (which was present tense)*

CONJUGATE WITH PRESENT PROGRESSIVE VERB TENSE: Yo COMER ahora.

Yo lavo los platos hoy.

CONJUGATE WITH PRESENT PROGRESSIVE VERB TENSE: Yo LAVAR los platos hoy.

FANBOYS

CONJUNCTIONS: For, And, Nor, But, Or, Yet, and So *Commas are used prior to using one of these words.

Can science prove what is in the natural world?

Parliment

Canada has a Parliamentary Government, a system in which legislative and executive functions are combined in a legislature called a _____________.

Parliamentary Government

Canada has a ______________ ______________, a system in which legislative and executive functions are combined in a legislature called a parliament.

CUPS

Capitalization, Usage, Punctuation, AND Spelling

Venezuela

Caracas

Circumspect

Careful, cautious. SYN: wary, prudent, guarded. ANT: incautious, rash, reckless, heedless.

French Guiana

Cayenne

Golgi Apparatus

Cell products produced by the endoplasmic reticulum travel to this organelle where they are modified and sorted.

Made of Cells

Cells are complex and organized and represent the smallest unit of life.

*Switching on/off the genes (DNA) that directs the production of enzymes. *Regulating the activity of enzymes after they are made (EXAMPLE: USE OF INHIBITORS).

Cells must control the activity of enzymes. List the two main ways that cells control enzyme function.

D) ER > Golgi > vesicles that fuse with plasma membrane

Cells of the pancreas will incorporate radioactively labeled amino acids into proteins. This ʺtaggingʺ of newly synthesized proteins enables a researcher to track their location. In this case, we are tracking an enzyme secreted by pancreatic cells. What is its most likely pathway?

COLDER than the optimal.

Chance of enzyme and substrate colliding and forming an Enzyme-Substrate Complex is less likely --> LESS PRODUCT FORMED.

Negative (THE REACTION RATE WILL DECREASE)

Changes in the environment affect the rate of an enzyme in a _______________ way.

Inhibitor

Chemical that interferes with an enzyme's activity.

Protestant

Christians who belonged to non-Catholic churches.

Democracy

Citizens hold political power, either directly or through elected representatives. Example: the United States.

Eukaryotic Cells

Complex cells that contain a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles; EXAMPLE: plant and animal cells.

There is an energy barrier (ACTIVATION ENERGY) that must first be overcome

Complex macromolecules such as carbohydrates and lipids are highly ordered structures and store energy. Why don't these molecules spontaneously break down and release their energy?

Plasma Membrane (EUKARYOTE, PROKARYOTE, ANIMAL, and PLANT CELLS)

Composed of a phospholipid bilayer and various types of proteins. Described as a "fluid mosaic model" *Fluid because the structure is flexible and molecules can move past each other. *Mosaic because there are a diverse set of proteins embedded and associated with the membrane.

Optimal Conditions

Conditions under which the enzyme is able to bind the substrate well and the rate of reaction is the highest (MOST PRODUCT IS MADE).

ella ESCRIBIÓ

Conjugation --> PRETÉRITO: Ella escrib___________ (ESCRIBIR)

ella HABLÓ

Conjugation --> PRETÉRITO: Ella habl_________________ (HABLAR)

ellas COMIERON

Conjugation --> PRETÉRITO: Ellas com_________ (COMER)

ellas ESCRIBIERON

Conjugation --> PRETÉRITO: Ellas escrib___________ (ESCRIBIR)

ellas HABLARON

Conjugation --> PRETÉRITO: Ellas habl_________________ (HABLAR)

nosotros COMIMOS

Conjugation --> PRETÉRITO: Nosotros com_________ (COMER)

nosotros ESCRIBIMOS

Conjugation --> PRETÉRITO: Nosotros escrib___________ (ESCRIBIR)

nosotros HABLAMOS

Conjugation --> PRETÉRITO: Nosotros habl_________________ (HABLAR)

tú COMISTE

Conjugation --> PRETÉRITO: Tú com_________ (COMER)

tú ESCRIBISTE

Conjugation --> PRETÉRITO: Tú escrib___________ (ESCRIBIR)

tú HABLASTE

Conjugation --> PRETÉRITO: Tú habl_______________ (HABLAR)

vosotros COMISTEIS

Conjugation --> PRETÉRITO: Vosotros com_________ (COMER)

vosotros ESCRIBISTEIS

Conjugation --> PRETÉRITO: Vosotros escrib___________ (ESCRIBIR)

vosotros HABLASTEIS

Conjugation --> PRETÉRITO: Vosotros habl_________________ (HABLAR)

Despertarse CONJUGATIONS

DESPIERTO, DESPIERTAS, DESPIERTA, DESPERTAMOS, DESPERTÁIS, DESPERTAMOS.

DIRECT OBJECT PRONOUNS: Necesito mi bicicleta, pero no ________ tengo

DIRECT OBJECT PRONOUNS: Necesito mi libro, pero no ________ tengo.

Las

DIRECT OBJECT PRONOUNS: Necesito mis bicicletas, pero no _________ tengo.

Los

DIRECT OBJECT PRONOUNS: Necesito mis libros, pero no ________ tengo.

Sí, Ana lo visita.

DIRECT OBJECT PRONOUNS: ¿Ana visita a Carlos? (Sí)

Sí, Ana la visita.

DIRECT OBJECT PRONOUNS: ¿Ana visita a María? (Sí)

No, Ana no los visita.

DIRECT OBJECT PRONOUNS: ¿Ana visita a los Martínez? (No)

DIRECT OBJECT PRONOUNS: ¿Buscaste a tu novia? Sí, ________ busqué.

DIRECT OBJECT PRONOUNS: ¿Buscaste tu libro? Sí, ________ busqué.

Sí, las como.

DIRECT OBJECT PRONOUNS: ¿Comes las enchiladas? (Sí)

Sí, las comí.

DIRECT OBJECT PRONOUNS: ¿Comiste las salchichas?

Sí, las contesto.

DIRECT OBJECT PRONOUNS: ¿Contestas las preguntas?

Sí, la estudié.

DIRECT OBJECT PRONOUNS: ¿Estudiaste tu lección?

Sí, lo leí.

DIRECT OBJECT PRONOUNS: ¿Leíste tu poema?

Sí, la lleve.

DIRECT OBJECT PRONOUNS: ¿Llevaste la chaqueta?

Sí, te compendo.

DIRECT OBJECT PRONOUNS: ¿Me compendes?

Sí, te llamé.

DIRECT OBJECT PRONOUNS: ¿Me llamaste?

Sí, los entendimos.

DIRECT OBJECT PRONOUNS: ¿Nos entendimos Uds.?

Sí, los (las, os) llamé.

DIRECT OBJECT PRONOUNS: ¿Nos llamaste?

Mi hermano las come.

DIRECT OBJECT PRONOUNS: ¿Quién come las salchichas? (Mi hermano)

Mi hermano lo prepara.

DIRECT OBJECT PRONOUNS: ¿Quién prepara el arroz? (Mi hermano)

Sí, lo termine.

DIRECT OBJECT PRONOUNS: ¿Terminaste tu crucigrama?

Sí, lo tengo.

DIRECT OBJECT PRONOUNS: ¿Tienes dinero?

Sí, la tomé.

DIRECT OBJECT PRONOUNS: ¿Tomaste el agua?

Sí, mi papá los come.

DIRECT OBJECT PRONOUNS: ¿Tu papá come los espaguetis? (Sí)

DIRECT OBJECT PRONOUNS: ¿Ves mucho a tu amiga? Sí, _______ veo.

Sí, lo visité.

DIRECT OBJECT PRONOUNS: ¿Visitaste al señor Broughton?

ATACAMA DESERT

Desert found on the Western border of the Andes Mountains and on the border of Chile and Bolivia

Reggae

Developed in Jamaica in the 1960s. Many ___________ songs deal with social problems and religion.

Erratic

Different from what is ordinarily expected

Illegible

Difficult or impossible to read

Hydrolysis

Digestion and cellular respiration are examples of which reation?

Son

David y Anita __________ costarricenses.

Son

David y Anita de _________ Costa Rica.

Están

David y Anita en ____________ Costa Rica

Muerto

Dead

Obedience to God

Define "WISDOM" as it is used in Proverbs.

ENZYME: PROTEIN molecules that function as catalysts. They speed up chemical reactions.

Define enzyme. Identify what type of macromolecule an enzyme is.

Rain Forests

Dense forests made up of different species of trees. They form a unique ecosystem - a community of plants and animals living in balance. The climate in these areas is hot and rainy year round.

*have all features that PROKARYOTES have (except cell walls plus additional membrane-bound organelles) - - -> EXAMPLE: nucleus, mitochondria, lysosome, golgi, and more ❤️ *BIGGER

Describe EUKARYOTIC cells. . .

*have DNA but NO nucleus. *have RIBOSOMES, CELL MEMBRANE, CYTOPLASM. *most have a CELL WALL (different than plants). *EXAMPLE: bacteria, archae *SMALLER

Describe PROKARYOTIC cells. . .

REVERENCE and RESPECT for God and the Bible.

Describe the importance of the term "the fear of the Lord" in Proverbs.

Substance M will DECREASE

Describe what happens to the concentration of substance M when the concentration of substance O is high.

Substance N will INCREASE

Describe what happens to the concentration of substance N when the concentration of O is high.

Relative Location

Describes a place in comparison to other places around it.

State

Describes an independent unit that occupies a specific territory and has full control of its internal and external affairs.

"PICKY LITTLE PROTEINS"

Describes the STRUCTURE of enzymes.

SECOND PERSON Point of View

Directly talks to someone, uses you, your.

Anti-Semitism

Discrimination against Jewish people.

Repeated Trials

Do the experiment many times to collect valid data

Inference

Drawing a conclusion by combining prior knowledge and text evidence.

Cultural Crossroads

Eastern Europe is a _____________ ____________, or a place where various cultures cross paths.

Alberta

Edmonton

El café _____________ frío.

El día ________ bonito

Está

El estudiante ___________ contento

El niño _________ pequeño.

Está

El papá __________ contento.

El partido _________ en el gimnasio.

Está

El sándwich ___________ bueno.

Está

El té ___________ caliente.

El té helado __________ frío.

ENZYME IS COMPLETELY DENATURED/NONFUNCTIONAL

Independent: Presence of Alcohol/Intoxication Dependent: Driving Ability Experimental: Group A Control: Group B Constants: Age, Sex, and Driving Test

EXAMPLE: An experiment is constructed to determine the effects of alcohol on an individual's driving ability. Groups A and B have been matched for all factors such as age and sex. Each person in Group A is given the same amount of alcohol to raise the blood alcohol level to 0.10%. Each person in Group B is given the same amount of soda to drink. Everyone in both groups is given a driving test.

Each step on the pH Scale is a factor of _______.

Different

Each type of enzyme has a _____________ primary structure (sequence of amino acids). This causes each type of enzyme to fold up into a unique 3D structure.

Hemisphere

Earth is divided into two equal halves. Each half of the globe is called a _____________.

Starch, Glycogen

Energy is harvested by breaking bonds with the glucose monomers.

Fats

Energy source 2X as much as carbs (STORES ENERGY)

Tectonic Plates

Enormous moving pieces of the earth's lithosphere.

Ambiental

Environmental

WARMER than the optimal.

Enzyme becomes DENATURED (UNRAVELED).

Catalyze

Enzymes ____________ nearly every chemical reaction in living organisms.

Conjunctions

FANBOYS, used to combine two independent clauses together with the use of a comma

Optimal Conditions

Enzymes best perform under their ______________ _______________.

ANABOLIC; build up reactions, CATABOLIC; break down reactions

Enzymes can BUILD UP and BREAK DOWN substrates. What are these reactions called?

COLDER than the optimal.

Enzymes substrates more slowly as temperature decreases from the optimal.

Location

FIVE THEMES OF GEOGRAPHY: The geographic question "Where is it?"

Region

FIVE THEMES OF GEOGRAPHY: The question "How are places similar or different?"

Aquéllas

Esta playa en Galveston y _____________ en Cancún son preciosas.

Ese

Este empleado y ___________ son amigos míos.

¿Cuánto tiempo hace que estudias español?

Estudio español desde hace 3 años.

Latin Americans today seek more democratic governments. Democracy depends on free and fair elections, citizen participation, majority rule with minority rights, and guaranteed freedoms. However, Latin America has shown little support for democratic rule until recently.

Explain the issue in Latin America: GIVING CITIZENS A VOTE.

As you've learned in this unit, the income gap in Latin America has many causes, some of which reflect the impact of colonialism in the region. There are three angles to exploring the income gap: it is a moral issue, an economic dilemma, and a political problem.

Explain the issue in Latin America: INCOME GAP.

Enzymes lower the activation energy.

Explain what enzymes do the activation energy of a reaction.

Hydrogen bonds form between two water molecules, They are more of an attraction than a true bond, Hydrogen bonding is the basis/reasoning for all the properties water exhibits.

Explain what hydrogen bonds are and why they are so important to water.

The energy that must be absorbed will put stress on the molecules and weaken their bonds, making them more prone to react or change.

Explain what the activation energy does to reactants (molecules that are going to be changed by a chemical reaction).

Interjection

Expresses strong emotion!

Human-Environment Interaction

FIVE THEMES OF GEOGRAPHY: The question "How do people relate to the physical world?" refers to the relationship between humans and their environment.

Está

Fernando _____________ muerto.

Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen

Lipids contain _____________, _______________, and _______________.

Fodder

Food for horses or cattle

Alien

Foreign, Strange

Starch

Long chains of glucose monomers

Ionic Bond

Formed when 1+ electrons transferred

Phospholipids

Forms a membrane for ALL cells

Fats

Found in ADIPOSE TISSUE

New Brunswick

Fredericton

Frontier

Free, open land that had been available and suitable for settlement

Lactose

GLUCOSE + GALACTOSE

Maltose

GLUCOSE + GLUCOSE

Animals

GLYCOGEN is in _____________.

Gusta

GUSTAR es singular con los infinitivos; Me __________ bailar y cantar.

Le Gustan

Gabriel _______________ GUSTAR las fiestas.

Les Gustan

Gabriel y a Marcos _____________ GUSTAR las fiestas.

Guyanna

Georgetown

Both prophesy against Nineveh

How are Jonah and Nahum linked?

Request for Wisdom AND Construction of the Temple

How did Solomon demonstrate his devotion to the Lord?

Married foreign wives AND he worshipped other gods.

How did Solomon drift away from the Lord?

His PRESENCE came into it.

How did the Israelites know that God had accepted the tabernacle they had built?

Junta

If the government was unable to control the people, the military would step in, seize power, and form a new, harsher government known as a ___________, which was run by the generals.

PON la mesa

IRREGULAR TU COMMANDS: poner la mesa

Sé inteligente.

IRREGULAR TU COMMANDS: ser inteligente

¡Ten cuidado!

IRREGULAR TU COMMANDS: tener cuidado

Ven.

IRREGULAR TU COMMANDS: venir

FEEDBACK INHIBITION; the product of the reaction serves as an inhibitor to one of the enzymes in the pathway.

God designed cellular systems to regulate themselves. One type of cellular regulation is feedback inhibition. Describe what feedback inhibition is and why it is useful to a cell.

Traditional Economy

Goods and services are traded without exchanging money. Also called "barter."

Export

Goods sold to another country.

El café helado

Iced coffee

Meaningful Feedback

Ideas and thoughts that will be used to advance the original writing.

Temperature and PH

Identify two environmental factors that will affect how well enzymes function.

Cellulose

Long chains of glucose stacked and joined by hydrogen bonds

37°

HUMAN ENZYMES OPTIMAL DEGREES CELSIUS IS ___________.

Traduce del inglés al español: I have been a student for 10 years

Hace 10 años que soy estudiante. / Soy estudiante desde hace 10 años.

Traduce del inglés al español: We have been playing soccer for 2 days.

Hace 2 días que jugamos al fútbol. / Jugamos al fútbol desde hace 2 días.

¿Cuánto tiempo hace que estudias español?

Hace 3 años que estudio español.

Traduce del inglés al español: I have been practicing with the team for 3 weeks.

Hace 3 semanas que practico con el equipo. / Practico con el equipo desde hace 3 semanas.

Traduce del inglés al español: I have been playing the piano for an hour.

Hace una hora que toco el piano. (Toco el piano desde hace una hora.)

Cilia

Hair-like extensions of the cell that assist in cellular movement.

Nova Scotia

Halifax

Folk Art

Handmade items, such as pottery, woodcarving, and traditional costumes, produced by rural people with traditional lifestyles, instead of by professional artists.

Cuba

Havana

Comely

Having a pleasing appearance

Prime Minister

Head of the Government

Language

Helps to establish cultural identity

Political Geography

Helps us to understand the impact governments have on human geography.

Uplands

Hills or very low mountains that may also contain mesas and high plateaus.

*If there are multiple substrates they bring them close together. *They put stress on the bonds of the substrate. *The R-groups in the active site of some enzymes participate directly in the reaction.

How do enzymes lower the activation energy?

Restoration and Reconciliation

How do the books of Hosea and Amos end?

Glucose ----> Starch + Water

How do you write out the reaction for the production of starch by condensation synthesis? (be sure to put water on the correct side of the arrow)

God prospers His children if they are faithful to Him.

How does the story in Daniel about his three Jewish friends' deliverance from the FIERY FURNACE relate to the message of the book?

God's protection of His faithful children.

How does the story of Daniel and the DEN OF LIONS relate to the message of the book?

THREE DAYS

How long did the Israelites travel after crossing the sea did they begin to complain?

430 YEARS

How many YEARS were the Israelites in slavery in Egypt?

How many books are in the ENTIRE BIBLE?

How many books are in the Old Testament?

SEVEN

How many cycles of judges were there?

Everyone over the age of TWENTY.

How many died because of the rebellion of Israel in the book of Numbers?

How many different authors wrote the Bible?

How many sons did JACOB have?

One

How many variables can as scientist test at one time.

1,000 YEARS

How many years did it take for the Old Testament to be written?

600 YEARS

How old was Noah when the flood came?

Economic Geography

How people in a region support themselves and how economic activities are linked across a regions

12 TRIBES

How was Canaan divided among the Israelites?

Fault

However, sometimes the rock is not flexible and will crack under the pressures exerted by the plate movement. This fracture in the earth's crust is called a _________. It is at the fault line that the plates move past each other.

Pronoun EXAMPLES

I, me, we, you, he, she, yours, himself, its, my, that, this, those, us, who, whom

Cofactors

INORGANIC molecules that bind to the active site and help the enzyme to function.

CUP-

IRREGULAR PRETERITE CONJUGATION: caber

DIJ-

IRREGULAR PRETERITE CONJUGATION: decir

ESTUV-

IRREGULAR PRETERITE CONJUGATION: estar

HIC-

IRREGULAR PRETERITE CONJUGATION: hacer

OBTUV-

IRREGULAR PRETERITE CONJUGATION: obtuve

PUD-

IRREGULAR PRETERITE CONJUGATION: poder

PUS-

IRREGULAR PRETERITE CONJUGATION: poner

QUIS-

IRREGULAR PRETERITE CONJUGATION: querer

SUP-

IRREGULAR PRETERITE CONJUGATION: saber

TUV-

IRREGULAR PRETERITE CONJUGATION: tener

TRADUJ-

IRREGULAR PRETERITE CONJUGATION: traducir

TRAJ

IRREGULAR PRETERITE CONJUGATION: traer

VIN-

IRREGULAR PRETERITE CONJUGATION: venir

IRREGULAR TU COMMANDS

Haz la cama.

IRREGULAR TU COMMANDS: hacer la cama

Louisiana Purchase

In 1803, the United States nearly doubled in size when the government purchased the vast plains region between the Mississippi and the Rocky Mountains from France. This territory became known as the ____________ _____________.

Tertiary Activities

Involve providing business or professional services. Salespeople, teachers, or doctors are examples.

Glycogen

Long chains with branches of glucose

Dissolute

Loose in one's morals or behavior

Don't confide in thing that are not eternal. Life is an enigma, hard to understand or explain.

In Ecclesiastes, what is the meaning of the phrase "Meaningless, Meaningless, Everything is meaningless"?

Free Floating; NOT CLOSED IN A MEMBRANE

In PROKARYOTIC CELLS, how is the DNA described and what does this mean?

Y₂ - Y₁ / X₂ - X₁

In a graph, how would you calculate the rate of reaction between two different times?

Se Visten

Los Pronombres Reflexivos: Carlos y Joaquin ___________________ VESTIRSE (I) temprano.

Preposition EXAMPLES

In, on, at, about, apropos, according to, after, along, above, except, from, near, of, before, since, between, upon, with, to, after, toward...

Decrease

Increases and decreases in the pH will _____________ the rate of the reaction.

Denature

Increases and decreases in the pH will decrease the rate of the reaction and ______________ the enzyme.

Aztecs

Indigenous people dominant in Mexico before the Spanish conquest of the 16th century; Ancient civilization (1200-1521AD) that was located in what is present-day Mexico City

Estamos

Nosotros ___________ enfermos.

En vez dey

Instead of. . .

Fats

Insulation (BLUBBER)

Straw Man

Intentionally misrepresented proposition- gives the impression of refuting an argument, while that idea in question was not even presented.

Secondary Activities

Involve adding value to materials by changing their form. Manufacturing automobiles is an example.

Primary Activities

Involve gathering raw materials such as timber for immediate use or to use in the making of a final product.

Juanita __________ de México.

Nunavut

Iqaluit

Masculine

Is "el mapa" feminine or masculine?

No, scientific explanations are constantly under revision as scientists continue to experiment, make observations and test new ideas.

Is the collection of facts and ideas written in your textbook set in stone?

Is the enzyme used up or changed by the reaction?

Noun EXAMPLES

Jeffrey, Korea, pen, New Year, dog, cat, elephant, garden, school, work, music, town, Manila, teacher, farmer, Bob, Sean, Michael, police officer, France, coffee, football, danger, happiness...

Están

Jorge y David _____________ en la clase de español.

José FUE (IR) a San Diego, pero el viaje FUE (SER) un desastre.

José __________ a San Diego, pero el viaje ___________ un desastre.

Juanita ________ mexicana.

Juanita _________ católica.

Juanita _________ estudiante.

Jóvenes

Know that the plural of joven is ____________.

Day 1 - LIGHT Day 2 - SKY AND WATER Day 3 - LAND AND VEGETATION Day 4 - STARS, MOON, AND SUN Day 5 - FISH AND BIRDS Day 6 - HUMANS AND ANIMALS Day 7 - DAY OF REST

LIST THE DAYS OF CREATION. . . .

Los pronombres de complementos directos.

LO, LA, LOS, LAS, ME, TE, NOS & OS.

La clase ________ difícil.

La clase de inglés ____________ en el segundo piso.

La comida __________ buena en Chick-fil-A. (IS GOOD)

La comida en Pappasito's ________ sabrosa.

La misa ________ en la iglesia.

La misión ___________ vieja.

La nieve __________ blanca.

La ropa _________ de algodón?

Imagery

Language that appeals to one of the five senses- taste, touch, sound, sight, smell.

Macromolecules

Large Molecules

Metropolitan Areas

Large cities and nearby suburbs and towns.

Fats

Large molecule but not a true polymer

Son

Las enchiladas _________ buenas en Taco Cabaña.

Están

Las enchiladas ____________ buenos.

Están

Las hamburguesas __________ buenas.

Son

Las hamburguesas en Fuddruckers __________ buenas.

Perennial

Lasting a long time, persistent; (n) a plant that lives for many years. SYN: (adj) enduring, recurring. ANT: (adj) brief, short-lived, fleeting, ephemeral.

Dehydration/Condensation Synthesis

Links monomers together to produce long monomers. REMOVES A WATER MOLECULE, FORMING A NEW BOND

Andes Mountains, Brazilian Highlands, Pampas, Llanos, and the Amazon Rainforest

List some of the landforms in Latin America.

Made of cells, reproduction, based on universal genetic code, growth and development, obtain and use materials and energy, respond to environment, and maintain homeostasis

List the CHARACTERISTICS OF LIFE.

Van der Waals Forces, Ionic Bonds, Covalent Bonds

List the following bonds/interactions in order from weakest to strongest: ionic bonds, covalent bonds, van der Waals forces.

Temperature and PH

List the two environmental factors that affect enzyme activity.

Science deals with the natural world, the information is collected and organized through patterns and connections, cause and effect, explanations are based on science (not belief).

List three differences between science and other ways science works.

Sebum

Multinationals

Many American corporations engage in business worldwide and are called __________________.

Marcos _________ médico.

Conoce

Marcos no ___ al profesor.

Es, Está

Maria ________ bonita pero hoy ____________ más bonita que nunca.

Natural Resources

Materials on or in the earth—such as trees, fish, or coal—that have economic value.

Vesicle

Membrane sacs that transport cell products from one part of the cell to another.

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum

Membrane-bound organelle that synthesizes lipids.

Mexico

Mexico City

Mestizo

Mexico has a large ____________ population — people of mixed Spanish and Native American heritage.

NAFTA (North American Free Trade Agreement)

Mexico is a member, along with the United States and Canada, of ______________________________. This agreement has broken down many economic barriers among the three countries.

Aztecs

Mexico is built on top of the ruins of which culture?

Sabe

Mi amigo ___ la fecha de examen.

Está

Miguel __________ enojado (angry).

Saben

Mis amigos ___ bailar el tango.

Les Gusta

Mis amigos ______________ GUSTAR la clase de español

Están

Mis padres __________ en casa.

Son

Mis padres __________ judios.

Noncompetitive/Allosteric Inhibitors

Molecules bind to a site other than the active site (allosteric site). This causes the active site to change shape and not be able to accept the substrate.

Competitive Inhibitors

Molecules that have a shape similar to the active site compete with the substrate and block it from binding with the enzyme.

Somos

Nosotros ____________ peruanos.

ESCRIBIMOS

Nosotros ______________________ ESCRIBIR la tarjeta postal.

Sabemos

Nosotros no ___ por qué sus amigos no hablan español.

Unflinching

Not drawing back

Spurious

Not genuine, not true, not valid. SYN: false, counterfeit, fraudulent, bogus. ANT: genuine, authentic, bona fide, valid.

Erratic

Not regular or consistent

Nada

Nothing

Más que nunca.

More than ever.

Greenhouse Effect

Most climate scientists argue that global warming is caused by the _____________ ____________.

-ASE

Most enzyme names end in -__________.

The heat would damage or kill the cells.

Most of the chemical reactions in a cell or organisms must happen quickly to support life. Heat is an efficient way to speed up chemical reactions. Why is adding heat not a good option for speeding up chemical reactions in biological systems?

Erosion

Occurs when weathered material is moved by the action of wind, water, ice, or gravity.

Adjourn

Move to another place

Calypso

Music that began in Trinidad; combines musical elements from Africa, Spain, and the Caribbean.

Elephaz, Bildad, Zophar, and Elihu

Name Job's four "COMFORTERS".

Rehoboam, Manasseh, and Amon

Name THREE kings of Judah who did NOT follow the Lord.

Asa, Hezekiah, and Josiah

Name three kings of Judah who followed the Lord partially or completely.

Landforms

Naturally formed features on the surface of the earth.

Cerca

Near

Postindustrial Economy

Nearly three out of four Americans now work in service-related jobs, such as information processing, finance, medicine, transportation, and education. This economic phase is called a ___________________ __________, one where manufacturing no longer plays a dominant role.

Adverb EXAMPLES

Neatly, in the market, every day, tomorrow, very, badly, fully, carefully, hardly, nearly, hungrily, never, quickly, silently, well, really, almost...

Electrons

Negatively charged particle; located in orbitals surrounding the nucleus

Tampoco

Neither, Either

Neutrons

Neutral particle; found in nucleus

Nunca

Never

the verb GUSTAR

Never use "yo" and "tú" with ________________.

Simpatico

Nice

GUSTA, GUSTAN

No me GUST_________ la leche, pero me GUST_______ los refrescos.

Nadie

No one, Nobody

Ninguno -a, os, as

No, None, Not Any

Ningún

No, None, Not Any (before singular, masculine noun ONLY)

Sabemos

Nosotros ___ su número de teléfono.

Almorzar

O CONJUGATES TO UE*

MAYOR QUE

OLDER THAN

Coenzymes

ORGANIC molecules that assist enzymes.

Oyendo

PRESENT PROGRESSIVE VERB TENSE: oír

Al otro lado de

On the other side of.

SEVEN

On what day to the priests blow the trumpets and the walls of Jericho come down?

Saliendo

PRESENT PROGRESSIVE VERB TENSE: salir

Siguiendo *THIS IS A BOOT VERB*

PRESENT PROGRESSIVE VERB TENSE: seguir

Tocando

PRESENT PROGRESSIVE VERB TENSE: tocar

Seismograph

Only a special device called a _____________ can detect earthquakes. A _______________ measures the size of the waves created by an earthquake.

Lysosomes

Organelle contains special enzymes that are used to break down macromolecules and recycle old organelles.

Chloroplast

Organelle contains specialized pigments that capture light energy; energy is used to produce glucose.

Panama

Panama City

-YENDO

Para los verbos -ER e -IR con diptongos, el participio termina con -____________. *leer > leyendo. *traer > trayendo. *construir > construyendo.

Uzziah, Jotham, Ahaz, AND Hezekiah

What kings of Judah reigned while Isaiah was prophesying?

*DORMIR > Durmiendo *PEDIR > Pidiendo

Para los verbos -IR que tienen cambio radical BOOT VERBS, el cambio en el gerundio es O > U, E > I. EXAMPLES: DORMIR? PEDIR?

PACIFIC OCEAN

the BONDING OF AMINO ACIDS; causes the protein to unravel and the active site to change shape.

PH changes disrupts. . .

Cell Membrane, Ribosome, Cytoplasm, DNA, Mitochondria, Cell Wall, Nucleus, and the Nucleolus *plus more*

PLANTS/EUKARYOTIC CELLS have. . .

Polypeptides

POLYMERS: Chains of Amino Acids are . . .

Poner CONJUGATIONS

PONGO, PONES, PONE, PONEMOS, PONÉIS, PONEN.

Nuestros

POSSESSIVE ADJECTIVES: Ellos son (our) ______ abuelos.

POSSESSIVE ADJECTIVES: Manolo es (my) ______ hermano.

Nuestro

POSSESSIVE ADJECTIVES: Manolo es (our) ______ hermano.

Sus

POSSESSIVE ADJECTIVES: Son (her) ______ libros.

Nuestras

POSSESSIVE ADJECTIVES: Son (our) ______ cosas.

Tus

POSSESSIVE ADJECTIVES: Son (your - tú) ______ cosas.

SU/SUS; *Es su libro. (Es el libro de él, de ella, de Ud., de ellos, de ellas, de Uds.) *Son sus libros. (Son los libros de él, de ella, de Ud., de ellos, de ellas, de Uds.)

POSSESSIVE ADJECTIVES: his, her, your (de Ud., de Uds.), their

Es mi libro. Son mis libros.

POSSESSIVE ADJECTIVES: my

*Nuestro(s) Hermano(s) *Nuestra(s) Hermana(s)

POSSESSIVE ADJECTIVES: our

Es tu libro. Son tus libros

POSSESSIVE ADJECTIVES: your (tú)

*Vuestro(s) Hermano(s) *Vuestra(s) Hermana(s)

POSSESSIVE ADJECTIVES: your (vosotros)

Bebiendo

PRESENT PROGRESSIVE VERB TENSE: beber

Comiendo

PRESENT PROGRESSIVE VERB TENSE: comer

Escribiendo

PRESENT PROGRESSIVE VERB TENSE: escribir

Hablando

PRESENT PROGRESSIVE VERB TENSE: hablar

Muriendo *THIS IS A BOOT VERB*

PRESENT PROGRESSIVE VERB TENSE: morir

Peat

Partially decayed plant matter found in bogs.

Informal Economy

People also find jobs in the ___________ ___________, which takes place outside official channels, without benefits or protection for workers.

People of mixed Spanish and Native American heritage.

People known as Mestizo are a mixture of which two cultures?

Ethical Appeal

Persuasion based on author's credibility.

Perder

Pierdo (just the yo form)

COMIÓ

Pilar ______________________ COMER en la cafetería.

COMPARTIÓ

Pilar ______________________ COMPARTIR las papas fritas.

Capitalization

Placing a letter in uppercase to show one of the following attributes: Start of sentence - EVERY sentence starts with a capital letter I - EVERY I alone is capitalized; you are important! Proper nouns - EVERY proper noun is capitalized to show significance

Provinces

Political Units

Dehydration Synthesis

Plants use which reaction to produce starch by linking glucose molecules together?

Confederation

Political Union

Haiti

Port-au-Prince

Protons

Positively charged particle; found in nucleus

Possessive adjective of "you"

Obed

What name did Boaz and Ruth give to their son?

Science

Process in which evidence is used to construct testable explanations of occurring natural phenomena AND the growing and changing of knowledge that is generated through this process.

Command Economy

Production of goods and services is determined by a central government, which usually owns the means of production. Production does not necessarily reflect the consumer demand. Also called a planned economy.

Market Economy

Production of goods and services is determined by the demand from consumers. Also called a demand economy or capitalism.

Lucrative

Profitable

WARMER than the optimal.

Rate of reaction decreases RELATIVELY RAPIDLY.

Fodder

Raw material for a designated purpose

Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, and Nitrogen

Proteins all contain ____________, _____________, _______________, and ______________.

Quaternary Activities

Provide information, management, and research services by highly-trained persons.

Reserve

Public land set aside for them by the government.

End Punctuation

Punctuation that takes place at the end of the sentence or thought.

Apostrophes

Punctuation used to demonstrate ownership or create contractions.

Quotations

Punctuation used to indicate dialogue, or to demonstrate short pieces of text. They can also be used to show sarcasm.

Semicolon

Punctuation used to substitute the Comma/Conjunction combination. This punctuation is used to combine sentences.

Qualitative

Quality; Description that doesn't include numerical data.

Quantiative

Quantity; Description that does include numbers

Quebec

Ecuador

Quito

A veces

Sometimes

Nation

Refers to a group of people with a common culture living in a territory and having a strong sense of unity.

Weathering

Refers to physical and chemical processes that change the characteristics of rock on or near the earth's surface.

Balkanization

Refers to the process of a region breaking up into small, mutually hostile units.

Saskatchewan

Regina

Steroids

Regulate growth and cellular responses and processes

Prepositions

Relates, or describes relation, location, or direction (combines with noun).

YES; IF

Remember that sí means _________ and si means _________.

MORE THAN ONE THIRD

What portion of the Old Testament was written in POETIC form?

Nadie va al laboratorio.

Rewrite the sentences in the negative using negative words: Alguien va al laboratorio.

Enrique no aprende nada de memoria.

Rewrite the sentences in the negative using negative words: Enrique aprende algo de memoria.

No hay ningunas chicas en la clase.

Rewrite the sentences in the negative using negative words: Hay chicas en la clase.

No hay ningún bolígrafo sobre la mesa.

Rewrite the sentences in the negative using negative words: Hay un bolígrafo sobre la mesa.

No Manolo no entrega su informe a tiempo tampoco.

Rewrite the sentences in the negative using negative words: Manolo entrega su informe a tiempo también.

Nunca presta atención en clase.

Rewrite the sentences in the negative using negative words: Siempre presta atención en clase.

Saben, Conocen

SABER and CONOCER: Ellos, Ellas, Uds.

Sabemos, Conocemos

SABER and CONOCER: Nosotros

Sabes, Conoces

SABER and CONOCER: Tú

Sabéis, Conocéis

SABER and CONOCER: Vosotros

Sé, Conozco

SABER and CONOCER: Yo

Sabe, Conoce

SABER and CONOCER: Él, Ella, Ud.

SIERRA MADRES

Plants

STARCH is in _______________.

Ionic Bond

Salt is formed by an ____________ bond.

Costa Rica

San José

El Salvador

San Salvador

Chile

Santiago

Dominican Republic

Santo Domingo

Debris

Scattered fragments, wreckage. SYN: rubble, remains, flotsam and jetsam.

Science is a collection of facts.

Prokaryotic Cell

Simple cells that have free-floating DNA and minimal organelles.

Monomers

Simple sugars are known as _______________.

SWABI

Since, When, After, Because, and If

Monomers

Single building blocks; link together to form a long chain (polymers)

Nucleolus

Site of ribosome production in eukaryotic cells.

Steroids, Proteins

Some ___________ are HORMONES.

Flagella

Some eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells have this tail-like extensions that assist in cell movement.

Alguno, -os, as, a

Some, Any

Algún

Some, Any (before singular, masculine noun ONLY)

Alguien

Someone, Anyone

Algo

Something

Consentido

Spoiled

Diffusion

Spreading of ideas or inventions

Newfoundland and Labrador

St John's

Starch + Water ----> Glucose

Starch is a polymer that is composed of many monomers of glucose. What chemical reaction accurately depicts the HYDROLYSIS of STARCH?

Fjords

Steep U-shaped valleys that connect to the sea and that filled with seawater after the glaciers melted.

Glycogen

Stored in the liver and muscle

Opinionated

Stubborn having a closed mind. SYN: obstinate, pigheaded, inflexible. ANT: open-minded, reasonable.

Tú

Subject pronoun of "you" (informal)

La natácion

Swimming

Bound Ribosomes

Synthesizes proteins that are released from the cell.

Free Ribosomes

Synthesizes proteins that remain inside in the cell (in cytoplasm).

FEMININE: Aquélla(s) MASCULINE: Aquél, Aquéllos

THAT ONE OVER THERE, THOSE ONES OVER THERE

FEMININE: Ésa(s) MASCULINE: Ése, Ésos *accent marks are not essential

THAT, THOSE

FEMININE: Ésta(s) MASCULINE: Éste, Éstos *accent marks are not essential

THIS, THESE "this and these both have t's"

Ser, Estar

TO BE

SER

TO TAKE PLACE (FOR AN EVENT)

Alicia es más talentosa que tú.

TRADUCE: Alicia is more talented than you are.

Carlos es mejor que yo.

TRADUCE: Carlos is better than I am.

Carlos es menos talentoso que tú

TRADUCE: Carlos is less talented than you are.

Carlos es mayor que yo.

TRADUCE: Carlos is older than I am.

Carlos es el estudiante más talentoso del mundo.

TRADUCE: Carlos is the most talented student in the world (el mundo).

Carlos es menor que yo.

TRADUCE: Carlos is younger than I am.

Andrea is (CONDITION) happy because she is (LOCATION) in Madrid.

TRANSLATE: Andrea está contenta porque ella está en Madrid.

A mi tía le gusta su regalo.

TRANSLATE: My aunt likes her gift.

A mi tía le gustan sus regalos.

TRANSLATE: My aunt likes her gifts.

Esa Novela

TRANSLATE: that novel

AQUÉLLA PERSONA

TRANSLATE: that person over there

Estos Cheques

TRANSLATE: these checks

Este Libro

TRANSLATE: this book

Esta Chica

TRANSLATE: this girl

Este Lápiz

TRANSLATE: this pencil

Aquellas Señoritas

TRANSLATE: those over there with the noun señoritas.

TRUE; El señor Broughton es mi profesor

TRUE OR FALSE: If you have a title and a last name and you are talking ABOUT the person, you must use the definite article.

TRUE; Hola, Señor Broughton

TRUE OR FALSE: If you have a title and a last name and you are talking TO the person, you DO NOT use the definite article.

Pronoun

Takes the place of a noun (he, she, they him, her, we, us, me, my, etc.)

THIRD PERSON OBJECTIVE Point of View

Talks about all the characters but does not know the thoughts of ANY, uses he, she, they, him, her, theirs.

THIRD PERSON OMNISCIENT Point of View

Talks about all the characters, and knows the thoughts of ALL, uses he, she, they, him, her, theirs.

THIRD PERSON LIMITED Point of View

Talks about all the characters, but only knows the thoughts of ONE, uses he, she, they, him, her, theirs.

USSR

The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, or Soviet Union, formed in 1922 by the Communists and officially dissolved in 1991.

Representative Democracy

The United States is a _______________ _____________, where the people rule through elected representatives.

Substrate

The _____________ is the reactant or starting material that will be changed during the reaction.

Hydrologic Cycle

The ______________ ____________ is the continuous circulation of water between the atmosphere, the oceans, and the earth.

Communism

The government owns and makes all decisions concerning the economy, holds all political power, and determines the distribution of goods and services. Example: North Korea.

Cohesion and Hydrogen Bonding

What properties of water allow for surface tension?

Tone

The author's attitude towards his or her subject matter.

Capillary Action, GOOD/POWERFUL SOLVENT

What properties of water are possible by adhesion?

Infrastructure

The basic support system needed to keep an economy going.

Infrastructure

The basic support system needed to keep an economy going. Examples: Power, Communication, Transportation, Water, Sanitation, and Education

La playa

The beach

Religion

The belief in a supernatural power or powers that are regarded as the creators and maintainers of the universe, as well as the system of beliefs itself.

Nationalism

The belief that people should be loyal to their nation, the people with whom they share land, culture, and history.

La cuenta

The bill

The release of a water molecule

The bonding of two amino acids to form a LARGER MOLECULE requires........

Suspense

The built up tension an author creates in a story. This is done through the use of imagery, emotion, and timing. (Causes anticipation)

Proper Noun EXAMPLES

The capital of England is London. OR Sarah is beautiful.

El gel

The hair gel

Glaciation

The changing of landforms by slowly moving glaciers. As a glacier moves, several types of erosion occur.

Contain Carbon Atoms

The characteristic that is shared by all organic molecules is that they __________________________

El animador, la animadora

The cheerleader

El quehacer

The chore

Suburbs

The communities outside of a city.

Weather

The condition of the atmosphere at a particular location and time.

the Cold War

The conflict between the United States and the Soviet Union after World War II, called "cold" because it never escalated into open warfare.

The history of Mexico is the story of the conflict between native peoples and settlers from Spain and the Spanish conquest of the region. The result was a blending of Indian and Spanish cultures that has greatly affected Mexico's development.

The conflict between which two groups has effected the development of Mexico?

Baltic Republics

The countries of Latvia, Lithuania, and Estonia, located on the eastern coast of the Baltic Sea.

El país

The country

Los aretes

The ear rings

Continental Shelf

The earth's surface from the edge of a continent to the deep part of the ocean.

Free Enterprise

The economy is run largely on ___________ ___________. In this economic system, private individuals own most of the resources, technology, and businesses, and can operate them for profit with little control from the government.

Biome

The ecosystem of a region.

Czar

The emperor of Russia prior to the Russian Revolution of 1917 and the subsequent creation of the Soviet Union in 1922.

Activation Energy

The energy needed to initiate a chemical reaction is the ___________ ______________.

El medio ambiente

The environment

OVER THE ARROW

The enzyme is written ________________ in a chemical reaction.

NOT

The enzyme that builds a molecule is __________ the same enzyme that breaks it down!

Substrate

The enzyme's ______________ fits into this active site.

Absolute Location

The exact place on earth where a geographic feature, such as a city, is found.

Columbian Exchange

The exchange of plants, animals, diseases, and technologies between the Americas and the rest of the world following Columbus's voyages.

Independent Variable

The experimental factor that is manipulated; the variable whose effect is being studied.

Mood

The feeling the reader gets while reading. (The feeling in the atmosphere)

Nomads

The first inhabitants of the area of North America now known as the United States and Canada were ____________, people who move from place to place.

Tundra

The flat treeless lands forming a ring around the Arctic Ocean; the climate region of the Arctic Ocean.

Tundra

The flat, treeless lands forming a ring around the Arctic Ocean.

El historiador

The historian

El rey

The king

LAKE TITICACA

The lake between Bolivia and Peru; highest lake in the world on which ships can travel

AMAZON RAINFOREST

The largest rain forest in the world, located in South America

Privatization

The selling of government-owned business to private citizens.

Main Idea

The most important parts of the story, the main topic.

El cantante

The singer

Valence Electrons

The outermost electrons; The electrons in the OUTER SHELL

El gente

The people

El lugar

The place

La plaza

The plaza

Active Site

The pocket or groove in the enzymes structure where the enzyme attaches.

Epicenter

The point directly above the focus on the earth's surface.

Point of View

The point of view in which the story is told.

Ethnic Cleansing

The policy of trying to eliminate an ethnic group.

Hydrolysis

What reaction BREAKS covalent bonds between monomers?

El poder

The power

Gross Domestic Product (GDP)

The total value of all goods and services produced WITHIN a country in a given period of time.

Gross Natural Product (GNP)

The total value of all goods and services produced by a country over a year or some other specified period of time.

Convection

The transfer of heat in the atmosphere by upward motion of the air.

Starch, Glycogen

The two types of complex carbohydrates that store energy are _____________________________

Expulsion

The process of driving or forcing out

Pronoun/Antecedent Agreement

The pronoun agrees with the noun or antecedent. (Plurals, singulars, genders, numbers must all agree)

El propósito

The purpose

Christianity

The religion based on the life and teachings of Jesus, spread from there across the empire.

La nieve

The snow

CAPE HORN

The southernmost point of South America

Substrate

The specific molecule that the enzyme acts on and will change; the reactant of the reaction.

La estatua

The statue

Geography

The study of the distribution and interaction of physical and human features on the earth.

Noah

The table of nations traces the families of what man's sons?

Los dientes

The teeth

Steppe

The term used for the temperate grassland region in the Northern Hemisphere

Culture

The total of knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors shared by and passed on by the members of a specific group.

Hay

There is. . ./There are. . .

Por eso

Therefore

THAMOS

Therefore, However, As a Matter of Fact, Meanwhile, AND Otherwise

Nonrenewable Resources

These resources cannot be replaced once they have been removed from the ground. Examples include metals, such as gold, silver, and iron, and non-metals, such as gemstones, limestone, or sulfur. Also included are fossil fuels, petroleum, natural gas, and coal. They are the basis of energy production.

Inexhaustible Energy Resources

These resources, which are used for producing power, are the result of solar or planetary processes and are unlimited in quantity. They include sunlight, geothermal heat, winds, and tides.

Renewable Resources

These resources can be replaced through natural processes. Examples include trees and seafood.

Migration

This continuing immigration is a recurring theme in the country's history; so is the constant _____________, or MOVEMENT, of peoples within the United States.

Oligarchy

This government by the few, known as ___________, was not democratic. The government censored the press, limited free speech, and punished dissent. It also discriminated against all who were not part of the Spanish ruling class.

Slash and Burn

To clear fields, native peoples used the ____________________ technique—they cut trees, brush, and grasses and burned the debris to clear the field. This method was particularly effective in humid and tropical areas.

Peinarse

To comb

Venir

To come

Volver

To come back

Longitude

To complete the grid system, geographers use a set of imaginary lines that go around the earth over the poles.

Subjugate

To conquer by force, bring under complete control

Desarollar

To develop

Hacer

To do/make

Beber

To drink

Secarse

To dry

Comer

To eat

Sentirse bien

To feel well

Arreglarse

To fix up

Vestirse (i)

To get dressed

Prepararse

To get ready

Levantarse

To get up

Dar

To give

To go

Salir

To go out

Acostarse (ue)

To go to bed

Saludar

To greet

Tener

To have

Tener que ver

To have to do with

Ayudar

To help

Predispose

To incline to beforehand. SYN: make susceptible to. ANT: immunize against, shield from.

CONOCER

To know A PERSON, FAMILIAR WITH

SABER

To know INFORMATION, HOW TO

Aprender

To learn

Prestart

To lend

Relinquish

To let go, give up. SYN: surrender, abandon. ANT: hold on to, keep, retain, cling to.

Latitude

To locate places north or south, geographers use a set of imaginary lines that run parallel to the equator.

Tomar

To make

Feint

To make a deceptive movement

Muddle

To make a mess of; (n) a hopeless mess. SYN: (v) jumble, mess up; (n) confusion, disorder. ANT: (n) orderliness, tidiness, neatness.

Feint

To make a pretense of

Jeer

To make fun of rudely or unkindly

Infrastructure

To make matters worse, local governments cannot afford facilities to handle the population increase. This _______________ includes such things as sewers, transportation, electricity, and housing.

Primary, Secondary, Tertiary, and Quaternary

What are the levels of PROTEIN STRUCTURE?

Compensate

To make up for

Reunirse

To meet

Deber

To ought to, must, should

Pagar

To pay

Ponerse

To put on

Maquillarse

To put on make-up

Pintarse

To put on make-up

Poner

To put/place

Compensate

To repay for services

Repetir (i)

To repeat

Proliferate

To reproduce, increase, or spread rapidly

Salvage

To save from fire or shipwreck; (n) property thus saved. SYN: (v) rescue, recover, retrieve, reclaim. ANT: (v) abandon, scrap, junk.

Decir

To say/tell

Ver

To see

Commandeer

To seize for military or official use. SYN: take over, requisition, expropriate.

Darse la mano.

To shake hands

Afeitarse

To shave

Ducharse

To shower

Sully

To soil, stain, tarnish, defile, besmirch

Hablar

To speak

Diffuse

To spread or scatter freely or widely; (adj) wordy, long-winded, or unfocused; scattered or widely spread. SYN: (v) disperse; (adj) rambling, verbose, prolix. ANT: (v) concentrate; (adj) brief, concise, succinct.

Comenzar (ie)

To start

Adjourn

To stop proceedings temporarily

Fortify

To strengthen

Maintain Homeostasis

To survive all organisms must be able to maintain homeostasis. • Homeostasis: maintaining a relatively constant or stable set of conditions inside the cell or organism despite changes in the external environment • Ex: maintaining water balance or body temperature

Llevarse

To take one ́s somewhere

Tantalize

To tease, torment by teasing

Viajar

To travel

Usar

To use

Esperar

To wait for/hope

Despertarse (ie)

To wake up

Lavarse

To wash

Efface

To wipe out; to keep oneself from being noticed. SYN: blot out, erase, obliterate, expunge.

Escribir

To write

Demasiado

Too much

Ontario

Toronto

Panama Canal

Trade is important because of the ____________ ___________, which cuts through the land bridge and connects the Atlantic and Pacific oceans.

Steroids

Transported in the BLOOD.

Fats

Triglyceride (ANOTHER NAME FOR _________)

Solstice

Two lines of latitude—the tropic of Cancer and the tropic of Capricorn—mark the points farthest north and south that the sun's rays shine directly overhead at noon. The day on which this occurs is called a _____________.

Reproduction

Two types of reproduction that organisms may use: 1. Sexual- involves two parents; offspring is genetically unique 2. Asexual- involves single parent; typically produce clones of Parent

Eres

Tú __________ joven.

BEBISTE

Tú ______________________ BEBER té de coca en Perú.

Inglés no es tan divertido como español.

USE TAN/TANTO: English is not as fun as Spanish.

Su voz es tan hermosa como mi voz.

USE TAN/TANTO: Her voice is just as beautiful as my voice.

Yo tengo tanto interés como tú.

USE TAN/TANTO: I have as much interest as you.

Yo canto tantas canciones como ella.

USE TAN/TANTO: I sing as many songs as she does.

Yo no soy tan alto como mi hermano.

USE TAN/TANTO: I'm not as tall as my brother.

José tiene tanto trabajo como Alfonso.

USE TAN/TANTO: José tiene mucho trabajo. Alfonso también tiene mucho trabajo. José tiene ____ ____ ____ Alfonso.

Mariló es tan bonita como Juana.

USE TAN/TANTO: Mariló es bonita. Juana es bonita también. Mariló es ___ ____ ____ Juana.

Mis calificaciones son tan impresivas como tús calificaciones.

USE TAN/TANTO: My grades are just as impressive as your grades.

Paco es tan rico como José

USE TAN/TANTO: Paco es rico. José es rico también. Paco es ___ ____ ___ José.

Sebastián y Tomás son tan guapos como Daniel.

USE TAN/TANTO: Tomás y Sebastián son guapos. Daniel es guapo. Sebastián y Tomás son ___ ___ ___ Daniel.

Yo tengo tantas amigas como mi hermano

USE TAN/TANTO: Yo tengo 3 amigas. Mi hermano tiene 3 amigas. Yo tengo _____ ____ ____ mi hermano.

Carlos es tan inteligente como María.

USE TAN/TANTO: ¿Cómo se dice Carlos is as intelligent as María?

Unbridled

Uncontrolled, lacking in restraint. SYN: unrestrained, unchecked. ANT: restrained, held in check, muted.

Erratic

Undependable

Joshua

Under who's leadership did the Israelites enter the Promised Land?

Monosaccharides

What are the monomers of CARBOHYDRATES?

Logical Appeal

Use of claim, evidence, and warrant to convince an audience.

Ethnic Group

Used to refer to a group that shares a language, customs, and a common heritage.

Richter Scale

Uses information collected by seismographs to determine the relative strength of an earthquake.

Emotional Appeal

Using emotional reaction to win an argument.

Van der Waals Forces

VDW forces are weak attractions that exist when molecules are very close together, They result from "hotspots of charge"

Vestirse CONJUGATIONS

VISTO, VISTES, VISTE, VESTIMOS, VESTÍS, VISTEN.

Exile

What are the peaks and valleys are covered in the book of Esther?

British Columbia

Victoria

Ser

WAS/WERE

WENT

PEOR QUE

WORSE THAN

Verb EXAMPLES

Walk, is, seem, realize, run, see, swim, stand, go, have, get, promise, invite, listen, sing, sit, laughed, walk...

The Portuguese brought their language and their Catholic religion with them to Brazil.

What are the primary language and religion of Brazil?

Destruction of the Amazon Rainforest, the decline in democracy due to people not having a say in government, and an income gap.

What are the three issues LATIN AMERICA is facing today?

Worshipped idols, and their incomplete obedience in possessing the land.

What are the two key factors in Israels failure in Judges?

Cofactors and Coenzymes

What are the two types of "HELPER MOLECULES?"

High Heat of Evaporation

Water takes a lot of heat to evaporate (makes the cooling effect after we sweat possible)

To provide testable explanations for events in the natural world AND to make predictions about natural events that are supported by data.

What are the ultimate GOAL of science?

The people of Mexico face big challenges. Safety, jobs, and education are foremost among their concerns.

What are three challenges Mexico faces today?

French Guiana and Brazil

What are two countries who do not have the lead language as SPANISH?

Language and Religion

What are two very important aspects of culture?

Cellulose

What carbohydrate cannot be digested by humans and is a source of dietary fiber?

Carbohydrates

What category of organic molecules is GLUCOSE?

TO LIKE

We translate GUSTAR as ______________.

Climate

Weather conditions at a particular location over a long period of time.

To them, to you all formal

What 3 posible ways can we translate the Spanish pronoun LES?

CLEARING THE RAIN FORESTS, POPULATION PRESSURES, PLANTS AND ANIMALS IN DANGER, and DEFORESTATION

What ISSUES are happening with the AMAZON RAINFOREST?

Kingdom

What PEAKS and VALLEYS are covered in 1 AND 2 SAMUEL?

Kingdom

What PEAKS and VALLEYS are covered in the Poetic Books?

Kingdom, Division, Judah, and Exile

What PEAKS and VALLEYS are covered in the book of 1 AND 2 CHRONICLES?

Exile

What PEAKS and VALLEYS are covered in the book of DANIEL?

Exile

What PEAKS and VALLEYS are covered in the book of EZEKIEL?

Division

What PEAKS and VALLEYS are covered in the book of ISAIAH?

Judah

What PEAKS and VALLEYS are covered in the book of JEREMIAH?

Conquest

What PEAKS and VALLEYS are covered in the book of JOSHUA?

Chaos

What PEAKS and VALLEYS are covered in the book of JUDGES?

Chaos

What PEAKS and VALLEYS are covered in the book of Ruth?

Kingdom, Division, Judah, and Exile

What PEAKS and VALLEYS are covered in the books of 1 AND 2 KINGS?

Return

What PEAKS and VALLEYS are covered in the books of EZRA and NEHEMIAH?

Greek, Aramaic, and Hebrew

What THREE LANGUAGES were the Bible written in?

Grain and Fellowship

What TWO sacrifices in Leviticus are meant to thank God and show honor?

¡Qué lástima!

What a pity!

lllllllleeeeeettttuuuuuucccccccceeeeeeee 😗

What an example of CELLULOSE?

Inca

What ancient civilization was located in the Andes mountains of Peru?

God used the Babylonians to punish Judah.

What answer did God give Habakkuk?

Carbohydrates, Proteins, Nucleic Acids

What are TRUE POLYMERS?

Glucose, Fructose, Galactose

What are examples of MONOSACCHARIDES?

Lactose (MILK), Maltose (BEER SUGAR), Sucrose (TABLE SUGAR)

What are some examples of DISACCHARIDES?

Sucrase (breaks down the sugar sucrose) and Lactase (breaks down the sugar lactose)

What are some examples of ENZYMES?

Fruit, Honey

What are some examples of FRUCTOSE?

Cellulose, Glycogen

What are some examples of POLYSACCHARIDES?

Rice, Grains, Potatoes

What are some examples of STARCH?

Accomplishment, Envy, AND Human Justice

What are some of the human pursuits in the book of Ecclesiastes?

Grain, Burnt, Guilt, Fellowship, and Sin

What are the FIVE types of sacrifices in Leviticus?

Transport, Structural Support, Storage of Amino Acids, Movement, Enzymes (SPEED UP CHEMICAL REACTIONS), Antibodies (DEFENSE), Messenger (SOME HORMONES ARE PROTEINS & TRANSMIT MESSAGES)

What are the FUNCTIONS of PROTEINS?

Breaks covalent bonds with monomers, releases energy, HYDROLYSIS, water is needed as a reactant

What are the components to BREAKING DOWN A POLYMER (CATABOLIC REATION)

Results in the formation of covalent bonds with monomers, stores energy, CONDENSATION SYNTHESIS, results of the formation of water

What are the components to BUILDING A POLYMER (ANABOLIC REACTION)?

Peer Editing

When a peer or student counterpart reads another student's paper to check for errors and provide feedback.

Acculteration

When a society accepts or adopts an innovation creating a cultural change

Molecule

When atoms join together

Society

When groups share a geographic region, sense of identity and culture, they are called a __________.

Adhesion

When hydrogen bonds with something that isn't water.

Contractile Vacuole

When some freshwater protists take on excess water, they utilize this organelle to pump it back out.

Haman

Who has great hatred of the Jews and wants them destroyed in the book of Esther?

To replace the Taino, European slave traders brought Africans to the Caribbean by force and put them to work on plantations. As a result, Africans have had a lasting influence on Caribbean life and culture.

Where did the African Influence in the Caribbean come from?

Active Site

Where the reaction takes place.

Lamentations

Which book of prophecy is among the Major Prophets because it is associated with Jeremiah?

Numbers

Which book of the law covers most of the period of Israels journey from Egypt to the Promised Land?

Cellulose

Which carbohydrate is found in the cell walls of plants and provides structural support for the cell?

Denmark, Norway, Sweden, Iceland, and Finland

Which countries are SCANDINAVIAN COUNTRIES?

Albania, Macedonia, Greece, Kosovo, etc.

Which countries are located on the BALKAN PENINSULA?

Spain and Portugal

Which countries are located on the IBERIAN PENINSULA?

Italy

Which countries are located on the ITALIAN PENINSULA?

mostly in DENMARK, and Germany

Which countries are located on the JUTLAND PENINSULA?

Born a virgin, pierced for our transgression, AND our Shepherd

Which of the following prophecy's did Isaiah teach concerning Christ?

Gideon

Which of the seven judges murders his fellow Israelites?

Elijah

Which prophet was taken up to heaven?

Vashti

Which queen is removed from her throne and replaced by Esther?

Judah and Joseph

Which sons of Jacob received the longest and greatest blessings?

Royal Psalms

Which type of psalm contains praise for God's work on behalf of the king?

Descriptive Psalms

Which type of psalm describes attributes, character, or works of God?

Acknowledgement Psalms

Which type of psalm offers praise for what God has done for the psalmist?

Psalms of ASCENT

Which type of psalm was sung in preparation for religious festivals?

Yukon

Whitehorse

Jacob

Who did Esau give his birthright to?

the Prophets

Who did God call to be His voice at a time when kings could no longer be trusted to speak faithfully for God?

Eli

Who did Hannah take Samuel to be raised by?

Uriah

Who does David have MURDERED after he commits adultery with Bathsheba?

Their CHILDREN and GRANDCHILDREN

Who does God replace the rebellious generation with to enter the Promised Land?

the Priests carried the Ark of the Covenant.

Who enters first when the Israelites cross the Jordan River, and what were they carrying?

Joshua and Caleb

Who from the Exodus generation received land in the Promise Land because they whole heartedly followed the LORD?

Solute dissolves in solvent to make a solution

Write a sentence describing the terms solution, solute, and solvent relate to each other

Pensar

YO PIENSO*

MENOR QUE

YOUNGER THAN

Northwest Territories

Yellowknife

Hablo

Yo (hablo / estoy hablando) con ella mañana.

Estoy Tocando

Yo (toco / estoy tocando) la guitarra ahora.

Toco

Yo (toco / estoy tocando) la guitarra.

Conozco

Yo ___ muy bien a Alejandra.

Sé

Yo ___ usar la computadora.

Yo ME LEVANTO por la mañana.

Yo _________ ______________ por la mañana. (LEVANTARSE)

Soy

Yo __________ de Venezuela.

Soy

Yo ___________ Colombiano. ___________ de Colombiano.

COMÍ

Yo ______________________ COMER con mis amigos.

ESTUDIÉ

Yo ______________________ ESTUDIAR la geografía de Bolivia.

Conozco

Yo no ___ Madrid

Sé

Yo no ___ bailar.

Sé

Yo no ___ hablar francés.

REPEATED TRIALS

You should know what _____________ ___________ are and the importance of including them in an experimental design.

Los jóvenes

Young people

Comenzar

comienzo, comienzas, comienza, comenzamos, comenzáis, comienzan

Conseguir

consigo, consigues, consigue, conseguimos, consegúis, consiguen

THAMOS

type of CONJUNCTIVE ADVERBS

FANBOYS

type of COORDINATING CONJUNCTIONS

SWABI

type of SUBORDINATING CONJUNCTIONS

Para dar énfasis, usa . . .

verbo en presente + DESDE HACE + time expressions

Adhesion

~ Attraction of molecules of different substances (helps water transport in plants ~ Responsible for the meniscus forming in a graduated cylinder.

Cohesion

~ Attraction of molecules of the same substance; 2-3 hydrogen bonds with other molecules (helps bugs walk on water) ~ Water will collect in droplets and in bodies of water. ~ Water molecules stick to other water molecules by hydrogen bonds.

Capillary Action

~ Upward movement of water through small spaces (provides force to bring water through roots of plants) ~ Hydrogen bonding, cohesion and adhesion make this property possible.

Polarity

~ Water has a slight (+) charge on the hydrogen side of the molecule and a slight (-) charge on the oxygen side of the molecule. ~ When a molecule has uneven distributions of positive and negative charges (creates hydrogen bonds) ~ ALLOWS WATER TO BE A GOOD SOLVENT AND ALLOWS WATER TO DISSOLVE OTHER POLAR (OR CHARGED) SUBSTANCES!!!!!!

Density Expansion

~ Water molecules spread and form maximum amount of hydrogen bonds (4) in solid form instead of compressing (prevents ice from destroying all life under surface if frozen) -water is less dense in the solid form so it floats.

Saben

¿ ___ Uds. quién es el actor?

Sabes

¿ ___ tú cuándo vamos a Argentina?

Whom? (Used when a person is the direct object of the verb)

¿A quién?

To where?

¿Adónde?

Compraron unos apretados.

¿Compraron ellas unos jeans apretados o unos jeans flojos? *Compraron ___________________________________________________.

Compré una azul oscuro.

¿Compraste una sudadera azul claro o una sudadera azul oscuro? *Compré ___________________________________________________.

Respond to Environment

• Organisms detect and respond to environmental signals called stimuli. • Stimuli can be internal or external

Growth and Development

• Unicellular organisms (single-celled) grow in size. • Multicellular organisms grow in size (increase # of cells) and show changes in development (mature, cells differentiate/become specialized)

9th Grade MIDTERM Exam Review Guides

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