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chkdsk

A Windows, OS/2 and DOS command-line tool used for checking the file system and status of the system's hard drives

Recovery Partition

A built-in options added in Windows 8 enables OS reinstallation without affecting the existing user profiles and settings

Window refresh

A built-in options added in Windows 8 enables OS reinstallation without affecting the existing user profiles and settings

tracert

A command-line utility in MS Windows that tracks and displays the route taken by IPv4 packets on their way to another host

Netstat

A command-line utility used for displaying active TCP/IP connections & network protocol statistics

Windows 8/8.1 editions to Windows 10 Enterprise upgrade or clean install options

Core --> Clean install Pro --> Upgrade Enterprise --> Upgrade

Windows 8/8.1 editions to Windows 10 Home upgrade or clean install options

Core --> Upgrade Pro --> Clean install Enterprise --> Clean install

Windows 8/8.1 editions to Windows 10 Pro upgrade or clean install options

Core --> Upgrade Pro --> Upgrade Enterprise --> Clean install

Windows 8/8.1 64bit (x64) physical memory limits and corresponding editions

Core 128GB, Professional 512GB, & Ultimate 512GB

Windows 8/8.1 32bit (x86) physical memory limits and corresponding editions

Core 4GB, Professional 4GB, & Ultimate 4GB

All editions of Windows 8/8.1

Core, Pro, & Enterprise

ext3 & ext 4

Default file systems used by Linux distributions

dism

Deployment Image Servicing and Management: Command-line tool used for preparing and modifying contents of Windows images

DFS & NFS

Distributed File System & Network File System: Methods of storing and accessing data over computer network

Windows repair installation

Does not affect user files, does not affect user applications, & preserves application configuration settings

NTFS

New Technology File System: Encryption, Object permissions, Compression, & Disk quotas

NX bit

No-eXecute bit: A type of feature used by CPUs for isolating areas of memory to prevent the execution of code from non-executable memory locations, aka it's malware protection

Non-Persistent VDI

Non-Persistent Virtual Desktop Infrastructure: Virtual desktop is shared among multiple users, and at the end of a session, user desktop reverts to its original state

OS boot methods & media

Optical disk --> CD-ROM/DVD/Blu-ray External drive --> eSATA Flash drive --> USB Network boot --> PXE (Preboot Execution Environment) Internal fixed disk --> HDD/SDD Internal hard drive --> Partition

Tools to allow installation of an OS via network interface

PXE (Preboot Execution Environment) & Netboot (Apple version)

/scannow

sfc switch enables a type of file check that scans integrity of all protected system files and repairs corrupted files when possible

Command-line command that enables a full system shutdown and restart of an MS Windows host after a time-out period of two minutes

shutdown /r /t 120

Command for setting the time-out period of 60 seconds before powering off a Windows host

shutdown /s /t 60

Provided that the process ID of notepad.exe obtained with the tasklist command is 1230, what is the correct syntax for a Windows Command Prompt taskkill command that would allow to close this application?

taskkill /pid 1230

32 bit system typically supports up to

4GB of RAM

What is the theoretical limit of addressable RAM for a 64-bit CPU?

64 exabits, aka almost unlimited

System restore

A MS Windows system utility that allows to roll back system files and settings to an earlier point in time

Netstat parameter allows to display all connections and listening ports

-a

Netstat parameter in Microsoft Windows allows to display the name of an application involved in creating each connection or listening port

-b

Netstat parameters displays addresses and port numbers in numerical form

-n

Shutdown command switch enables aborting a system shutdown

/a

ipconfig command parameter used for displaying the full TCP/IP configuration information for all adapters

/all

ipconfig parameter allows to view the physical address of a Network Interface Card (NIC)

/all

Windows 10 32 bit (x86) OS minimum system requirements

1 GB of system RAM, Microsoft DirectX 9 graphics device with WDDM 1.0 or higher driver, 16 GB of free hard disk space, & 1 GHz CPU with support for PAE, NX, and SSE2

Windows 8/8.1 32 bit (x86) OS minimum system requirements

1 GB of system RAM, Microsoft DirectX 9 graphics device with WDDM 1.0 or higher driver, 16 GB of free hard disk space, & 1 GHz CPU with support for PAE, NX, and SSE2

Windows 7 32 bit (x86) OS minimum system requirements

1 GB system RAM, DirectX 9 graphics device with WDDM 1.0 or higher driver, 16 GB of free hard disk space, & 1 GHz CPU

Windows 7 64 bit (x64) OS minimum system requirements

2 GB of system RAM, DirectX 9 graphics device with WDDM 1.0 or higher driver, 20 GB of free hard disk space, & 1 GHz CPU

Windows 10 64 bit (x64) OS minimum system requirements

2 GB of system RAM, Microsoft DirectX 9 graphics device with WDDM 1.0 or higher driver, 20 GB of free hard disk space, & 1 GHz CPU with support for PAE, NX, and SSE2

Windows 8/8.1 64 bit (x64) OS minimum system requirements

2 GB of system RAM, Microsoft DirectX 9 graphics device with WDDM 1.0 or higher driver, 20 GB of free hard disk space, & 1 GHz CPU with support for PAE, NX, and SSE2

FAT32

32-bit File Allocation Table: 4GB max file size, 2TB max volume size

On May 19th, 2019, the minimum hard drive space requirement for both 32 and 64bit versions of Windows 10 was increased to...

32GB

Clean Install

A type of Windows installation that erases the contents of target partition

Unattended Installation

A type of automated OS installation process that uses an answer file and does not require user interaction or presence

Windows disk storage types

Basic & Dynamic

BrancheCache

BranchedCache refers to a Wide Area Network (WAN) bandwidth optimization technology implemented in some versions of MS Windows. BranchCache accelerates the process of serving network content by saving previously requested WAN resources on local servers or client computers which allows the subsequent requests to be served locally rather than from a remote server.

OS boot methods using a network interface

CD-ROM/DVD/Blu-ray, and PXE (Preboot Execution Environment)

nslookup

CLI (command-line interface) tool that can be used for troubleshooting DNS-related problems

diskpart

Command in Windows Command Prompt that launches a text-based command-line partitioning utility

ping

Command-line utility used for checking the reachability of a remote network host

CDFS

Compact Disc File System: A file system designed for optical media

Windows 10 editions that include a BranchCache feature

Education & Enterprise

EFS

Encrypting File System: A Windows component that enables encryption of individual files

EOL

End of Life: Software that no longer receives continuing support

Windows 7 editions that can participate in a Windows domain

Enterprise & Ultimate

Windows 7 editions that include BitLocker

Enterprise & Ultimate

Windows 7 editions that include the BrancheCache feature

Enterprise & Ultimate

exFAT

Extended File Allocation Table: A Microsoft-proprietary file system optimized for flash drives

/f switch of the chkdsk command-line utility in Windows

Fixes errors on the disk

GPT

GUID (Globally Unique Identifiers) Partition Table: A standard for the layout of partition tables of a physical computer storage device, such as a hard disk drive or solid-state drive, using universally unique identifiers, which are also known as globally unique identifiers (GUIDs), up to 128 primary partitions

HFS

Hierarchical File System: A type of proprietary file system used in Apple OSs

Windows 10 64bit (x64) physical memory limits and corresponding editions

Home 128GB, Pro 2TB, Education 2TB, & Enterprise 6TB

Windows 10 32bit (x86) physical memory limits and corresponding editions

Home 4GB, Pro 4GB, Education 4GB, & Enterprise 4GB

All editions of Windows 10

Home, Pro, Pro Educations, Education, & Enterprise

A security technician was asked to configure a firewall so that the protected system would not send echo reply packets. What type of traffic should be blocked on the firewall to accomplish this task?

ICMP (Internet Control Message Protocol): An error-reporting protocol network devices like routers use to generate error messages to the source IP address when network problems prevent delivery of IP packets

Multiboot

If a computer's hard disk has an adequate free disk space, it is possible to install more than one operating system and then choose which OS to use during each startup

/r switch of the chkdsk command-line utility in Windows

Locates bad sectors and recovers readable information & fixes errors on the disk

Partition styles

Master Boot Record (MBR) & GUID Partition Table (GPT)

MBR

Master Boot Record partition style: Overall number of partitions limited to four, up to three primary partitions and one extended partition, & up to four primary partitions, the information in the first sector of any hard disk or diskette that identifies how and where an operating system is located so that it can be boot (loaded) into the computer's main storage or random access memory

Persistent VDI

Persistent Virtual Desktop Infrastructure: Each user runs their own copy of virtual desktop, and at the end of a session, user data and personal settings are saved

PAE

Physical Address Extension: Allows 32 bit processors to use more than 4GB of physical memory

Partitions types

Primary, logical, & extended

Windows 8/8.1 editions that can participate in a Windows domain

Pro & Enterprise

Windows 8/8.1 editions that can participate include BranchCache

Pro & Enterprise

Windows 8/8.1 editions that include BitLocker & EFS

Pro & Enterprise

Windows 10 editions that can participate in a Windows Domain

Pro, Pro Education, Education & Enterprise

Windows 10 editions that include BitLocker & EFS

Pro, Pro Education, Education, & Enterprise

Windows 7 editions that include EFS

Professional, Enterprise, & Ultimate

Image Deployment

Provides a simpler and less costly alternative to manual OS installation in an environment consisting of multiple hosts requiring the same configuration settings

Advantages of organizing hard drive space into multiple partitions

Separation of user files from the operating system and application files, multiboot environment ability, & separated disk space used for virtual memory

sfc

Server File Command: Scans the integrity of all protected system files and replaces incorrect versions with correct Microsoft versions

Windows 7 editions to Windows 10 Enterprise upgrade or clean install options

Starter --> Clean install Home Basic --> Clean install Home Premium --> Clean install Professional --> Upgrade Enterprise --> Clean install Ultimate --> Upgrade

Windows 7 editions to Windows 10 Home upgrade or clean install options

Starter --> Upgrade Home Basic --> Upgrade Home Premium --> Upgrade Professional --> Clean install Enterprise --> Clean install Ultimate --> Clean install

Windows 7 editions to Windows 10 Pro upgrade or clean install options

Starter --> Upgrade Home Basic --> Upgrade Home Premium --> Upgrade Professional --> Upgrade Enterprise --> Upgrade Ultimate --> Clean install

Windows 7 32bit (x86) physical memory limits and corresponding editions

Starter 2GB, Home Basic 4GB, Home Premium 4GB, Professional 4GB, Enterprise 4GB, & Ultimate 4GB

Windows 7 64bit (x64) physical memory limits and corresponding editions

Starter 8GB, Home Basic 8GB, Home Premium 16GB, Professional 192GB, Enterprise 192GB, & Ultimate 192GB

All editions of Windows 7

Starter, Home Basic, Home Premium, Professional, Enterprise, & Ultimate

SSE2

Streaming SIMB (Single Instruction, Multiple Data) Extensions 2: Intel's complimentary instruction set that extends the capabilities of a CPU

Advantages of dynamic disk over basic disk storage types

The ability to create volumes that span multiple disks (spanned and striped volumes), & the ability to create fault-tolerant volumes (mirrored and RAID-5 volumes)

tasklist

The command-line command in Windows displays a list of currently running processes on a local or remote host

In-place Upgrade

The name of an operating system installation type that preserves system settings, personal files, and applications from the older OS version

Windows Workgroups

Typically consist of no more than 20 computers, logging on to any computer in the workgroup requires an account on that computer, & each computer in the workgroup has its own security policy

3 methods that can be used as an extension of RAM

Virtual memory, paging file, & swap partition

ipconfig

Windows command-line utility that can be used to display TCP/IP configuration settings

Windows Domains

Windows domains are based on the Client-Server networking architecture, security policies and permissions on the Windows domain are administered centrally, & logging on to any computer on the Windows domain requires a single set of credentials

Different methods for organizing Windows-based computers in networks facts

Windows-based computers on a network must be part of a workgroup or a domain, Windows-based computers on workplace networks are usually part of a domain, & Windows-based computers on home networks are usually part of a workgroup

Windows command-line command used for directory traversal

cd (change directory)

Windows command in Windows moves the command-line prompt one folder up in the directory tree

cd..

Windows Command Prompt changes the current directory to the root directory

cd\

Windows Command Prompt commands can be used to list all directory's files and subdirectories contained in the current directory

dir (directory) & dir *.*

Command-line commands in MS Windows are used for resetting the DHCP configuration settings for all adapters (2 answers)

ipconfig /release & ipconfig /renew