A & P 100 - Week 7: Knowledge Check
Which of the following might serve as a secondary pacemaker for the heart? A. AV node B. Neither AV node nor Purkinje fibers C. Purkinje fibers D. Both AV node and Purkinje fibers
A. AV node
Some studies theorize that yawning is a reflex triggered by increased blood pH as carbonic acid is produced to expel CO2 by exhaling. Which structures would be stimulated to induce yawning if this theory is true? A. Aortic bodies and carotid bodies B. Free nerve endings in the blood vessels C. Baroreceptors in the aortic arch D. Arterial baroreceptors
A. Aortic bodies and carotid bodies
Name the layers of the heart from the inside out. A. Endocardium, myocardium, epicardium, pericardial cavity, parietal pericardium, fibrous pericardium B. Epicardium, myocardium, endocardium, pericardial cavity, parietal pericardium, fibrous pericardium C. Fibrous pericardium, parietal pericardium, pericardial cavity, epicardium, myocardium, endocardium D. Myocardium, endocardium, epicardium, fibrous pericardium, pericardial cavity, parietal pericardium
A. Endocardium, myocardium, epicardium, pericardial cavity, parietal pericardium, fibrous pericardium
A patient is in the emergency room for a severe anxiety attack. Their doctor administers a dose of potassium to control their elevated heart rate. Why would potassium potentially be a treatment for the cardiovascular effects of an anxiety attack? A. Excess potassium ion concentration causes decreased rate and decreased force of contraction. B. Excess potassium ion concentration directly signals the sympathetic nervous system to cease signaling to increase heart rate C. Excess potassium ion concentration signals the parasympathetic nervous system directly to lower heart rate D. Excess potassium ion concentration causes decreased rate and increased force of contraction.
A. Excess potassium ion concentration causes decreased rate and decreased force of contraction.
Which of the following is not a normal response to physical exercise? A. Increased blood flow to the abdominal viscera B. Increased blood flow to the skeletal muscles C. Increased ventricular contraction D. Increased heart rate
A. Increased blood flow to the abdominal viscera
Which of the following correctly matches the valve to its function? A. Mitral valve—permits one—way blood flow from the left atrium to the left ventricle B. Tricuspid valve—permits one—way blood flow from the right to the left atrium C. Aortic valve—permits one—way blood flow from the right ventricle to the pulmonary trunk D. Pulmonary valve—permits one—way blood flow from the left ventricle to the aorta
A. Mitral valve—permits one—way blood flow from the left atrium to the left ventricle
Which of the following gases does endothelium release? A. Nitric oxide B. Nitrogen C. Oxygen D. Methane
A. Nitric oxide
Which of the following waves of an ECG pattern is/are correctly described? A. P wave—depolarization of atria B. T wave—depolarization of ventricles C. QRST complex—depolarization of ventricles D. QRS complex—repolarization of ventricles
A. P wave—depolarization of atria
Cells of the conducting system in the heart are more sensitive to which ion? A. Potassium B. Chloride C. Iron D. Sodium
A. Potassium
Which of the following is not a branch of the aorta? A. Pulmonary artery B. Left subclavian artery C. Brachiocephalic artery D. Right coronary artery
A. Pulmonary artery
When a person's pulse is taken by palpation near the thumb on the wrist, which artery is felt? A. Radial artery B. Brachial artery C. Ulnar artery D. Palmar arch arteries
A. Radial artery
A pump is attached to the common carotid artery and red ink is pumped in. Which structures of the body will show the red ink? A. The neck and the head B. The intercostal muscles and chest area C. The large intestine and portions of the small intestine D. The arms and the hands
A. The neck and the head
Which type of blood vessel holds the greatest volume of blood? A. Vein B. Arteriole C. Capillary D. Artery
A. Vein
Once cells in the SA node reach threshold, A. an action potential is triggered. B. nothing happens until the AV node is innervated. C. the heart stops beating. D. a heart attack occurs.
A. an action potential is triggered.
The radial and ulnar veins merge to form the ________ vein. A. brachial B. jugular C. axillary D. cephalic
A. brachial
An abnormally slow heart rate is termed A. bradycardia. B. cardioversion. C. fibrillation. D. tachycardia.
A. bradycardia.
Atrial natriuretic peptide is a hormone that A. inhibits the release of renin and aldosterone. B. is released from the adrenal cortex and stimulates atrial hormones. C. is stimulated to release when blood volume decreases. D. raises blood pressure.
A. inhibits the release of renin and aldosterone.
Plasma proteins in capillaries help to A. maintain the osmotic pressure of the blood. B. maintain the hydrostatic pressure of the blood. C. decrease the hydrostatic pressure of the blood. D. decrease the osmotic pressure of the blood.
A. maintain the osmotic pressure of the blood.
The external carotid arteries branch to supply structures in the A. neck and face. B. eyeballs. C. upper chest. D. shoulders.
A. neck and face.
The systemic circuit A. sends oxygen-rich blood to the tissues. B. sends oxygen-poor blood to the heart. C. brings oxygen-rich blood from the tissues. D. brings oxygen-poor blood from the lungs.
A. sends oxygen-rich blood to the tissues.
Circulation is vital because it A. supplies oxygen and nutrients to and removes wastes from tissues. B. inflates the lungs. C. delivers carbon dioxide to tissues and removes excess oxygen. D. delivers wastes to tissues.
A. supplies oxygen and nutrients to and removes wastes from tissues.
When venous pressure is too low, ________ stimulate smooth muscles in the walls of veins to contract. A. sympathetic reflexes B. parasympathetic reflexes C. carbon dioxide levels D. somatic reflexes
A. sympathetic reflexes
The right atrium receives blood directly from A. the superior vena cava, inferior vena cava, and coronary sinus. B. the pulmonary veins. C. the superior vena cava and inferior vena cava only. D. the superior vena cava, inferior vena cava, and pulmonary veins.
A. the superior vena cava, inferior vena cava, and coronary sinus.
Which of the following layers of the heart and their functions are correctly matched? A. Pericardium—protective inner lining of the heart chambers and valves B. Myocardium—cardiac muscle tissue that pumps blood out of the heart chambers C. Endocardium—protective outer covering D. Epicardium—protective inner lining of the heart chambers and valves
B. Myocardium—cardiac muscle tissue that pumps blood out of the heart chambers
The aortic baroreceptor senses stretching of the aorta. How will the nervous system respond? A. Sympathetic signals will be sent to decrease heart rate. B. Parasympathetic signals will be sent to decrease heart rate. C. Sympathetic signals will be sent to increase heart rate. D. Parasympathetic signals will be sent to increase heart rate.
B. Parasympathetic signals will be sent to decrease heart rate.
A pump is attached to the superior mesenteric artery and blue ink is pumped in. Which structures of the body will show the blue ink? A. The intercostal muscles and chest area B. The small intestine and portions of the large intestine C. The neck and the facial muscles D. The arms and the hands
B. The small intestine and portions of the large intestine
Blood from the face and scalp is drained by the A. superior vena cava. B. external jugular vein. C. cephalic vein. D. subclavian vein.
B. external jugular vein.
The loose-fitting sac around the heart is the A. epicardium. B. fibrous pericardium. C. endocardium. D. visceral pericardium.
B. fibrous pericardium.
The pain of angina pectoris comes from a blockage in an artery that supplies the A. left arm and shoulder. B. heart. C. sternum. D. neck and jaw.
B. heart.
Water and dissolved substances leave the arteriole end of a capillary due to ________, and enter the venule end of a capillary due to ________. A. hydrostatic pressure being higher than osmotic pressure; active transport being greater than osmotic pressure B. hydrostatic pressure being higher than osmotic pressure; osmotic pressure being higher than hydrostatic pressure C. osmotic pressure being higher than hydrostatic pressure; hydrostatic pressure being higher than osmotic pressure D. osmosis; active transport
B. hydrostatic pressure being higher than osmotic pressure; osmotic pressure being higher than hydrostatic pressure
Blood flow to the right side of the heart muscle decreases due to constriction of the ________, and decreased blood flow to the heart tissue can result in ________. A. left coronary vein; myocardial infarction B. right coronary artery; ischemia C. right pulmonary artery; endocarditis D. left coronary artery; mitral valve prolapse
B. right coronary artery; ischemia
The normal pacemaker of the heart is the A. AV bundle. B. sinoatrial node. C. Purkinje fibers. D. atrioventricular node.
B. sinoatrial node.
When the ventricular walls contract, A. the mitral valve opens and the tricuspid valve closes. B. the mitral and tricuspid valves close. C. the tricuspid valve opens and the mitral valve closes. D. the mitral and tricuspid valves open.
B. the mitral and tricuspid valves close.
Which of the following is the correct sequence of parts through which blood moves from the vena cava to the lungs? A. Right atrium, pulmonary valve, right ventricle, tricuspid valve B. Right ventricle, pulmonary valve, right atrium, tricuspid valve, right ventricle C. Right atrium, tricuspid valve, right ventricle, pulmonary valve D. Right ventricle, tricuspid valve, right atrium, pulmonary valve
C. Right atrium, tricuspid valve, right ventricle, pulmonary valve
In an ECG pattern, the PQ interval indicates how long it takes for the cardiac impulse to travel from the A. SA node to the atrial muscle fibers. B. AV node to the atrial muscle fibers. C. SA node through the AV node. D. SA node to the Purkinje fibers.
C. SA node through the AV node.
Which artery is incorrectly matched to its location? A. Inferior mesenteric artery; colon and rectum B. Popliteal; behind the knee C. Thyrocervical arteries; thymus D. Celiac arteries; liver, spleen, and upper gastrointestinal tract
C. Thyrocervical arteries; thymus
The celiac artery provides blood to the A. kidneys. B. adrenal glands. C. liver and spleen. D. large intestine.
C. liver and spleen.
The blood pressure in the large systemic arteries is greatest during A. atrial diastole. B. atrial systole. C. ventricular systole. D. ventricular diastole.
C. ventricular systole.
Histamine increases capillary membrane permeability, which can result in an edematous and painful condition. T or F
True
Metarterioles connect arterioles and venules, and allow blood to bypass the capillaries. T or F
True
When the atria's contract the _______________. a. the ventricles fill b. the ventricles contract c. the ventricles empty d. the ventricles relax
a. the ventricles fill
Atrial depolarization directly leads to _________. a. Ventricular depolarization b. Atrial depolarization c. Atrial contraction d. Ventricular contraction e. Atrial repolarization f. Ventricular repolarization g. Atrial filling h. Ventricular filling i. Atrial emptying j. Ventricular emptying k. Atrial relaxation l. Ventricular relaxation
c. Atrial contraction
Ventricular depolarization directly leads to _________. a. Ventricular depolarization b. Atrial depolarization c. Atrial contraction d. Ventricular contraction e. Atrial repolarization f. Ventricular repolarization g. Atrial filling h. Ventricular filling i. Atrial emptying j. Ventricular emptying k. Atrial relaxation l. Ventricular relaxation
d. Ventricular contraction
When the ventricles contract the _______________. a. the atria contract b. the ventricles relax c. the ventricles fill d. the ventricles empty
d. the ventricles empty
Atrial relaxation directly leads to _________. a. Ventricular depolarization b. Atrial depolarization c. Atrial contraction d. Ventricular contraction e. Atrial repolarization f. Ventricular repolarization g. Atrial filling h. Ventricular filling i. Atrial emptying j. Ventricular emptying k. Atrial relaxation l. Ventricular relaxation
g. Atrial filling
Atrial emtyping directly leads to _________. a. Ventricular depolarization b. Atrial depolarization c. Atrial contraction d. Ventricular contraction e. Atrial repolarization f. Ventricular repolarization g. Atrial filling h. Ventricular filling i. Atrial emptying j. Ventricular emptying k. Atrial relaxation l. Ventricular relaxation
h. Ventricular filling
Ventricular relaxation directly leads to _________. a. Ventricular depolarization b. Atrial depolarization c. Atrial contraction d. Ventricular contraction e. Atrial repolarization f. Ventricular repolarization g. Atrial filling h. Ventricular filling i. Atrial emptying j. Ventricular emptying k. Atrial relaxation l. Ventricular relaxation
h. Ventricular filling
Atrial contraction directly leads to _________. a. Ventricular depolarization b. Atrial depolarization c. Atrial contraction d. Ventricular contraction e. Atrial repolarization f. Ventricular repolarization g. Atrial filling h. Ventricular filling i. Atrial emptying j. Ventricular emptying k. Atrial relaxation l. Ventricular relaxation
i. Atrial emptying
Ventricular contraction directly leads to _________. a. Ventricular depolarization b. Atrial depolarization c. Atrial contraction d. Ventricular contraction e. Atrial repolarization f. Ventricular repolarization g. Atrial filling h. Ventricular filling i. Atrial emptying j. Ventricular emptying k. Atrial relaxation l. Ventricular relaxation
j. Ventricular emptying
Atrial repolarization directly leads to _________. a. Ventricular depolarization b. Atrial depolarization c. Atrial contraction d. Ventricular contraction e. Atrial repolarization f. Ventricular repolarization g. Atrial filling h. Ventricular filling i. Atrial emptying j. Ventricular emptying k. Atrial relaxation l. Ventricular relaxation
k. Atrial relaxation
Ventricular repolarization directly leads to _________. a. Ventricular depolarization b. Atrial depolarization c. Atrial contraction d. Ventricular contraction e. Atrial repolarization f. Ventricular repolarization g. Atrial filling h. Ventricular filling i. Atrial emptying j. Ventricular emptying k. Atrial relaxation l. Ventricular relaxation
l. Ventricular relaxation
Lipid-soluble substances diffuse through channels in cell membranes of cells forming the capillary wall, whereas lipid-insoluble substances diffuse through most areas of the capillary cell membranes. T or F
False
Osmotic pressure forces molecules in the blood out through capillary walls. T or F
False
The coronary sinus drains blood from the wall of the heart into the left atrium. T of F
False
Sympathetic stimulation increases A. blood vessel volume. B. end-diastolic volume. C. end-systolic volume. D. stroke volume.
D. stroke volume.
Arterial systolic pressure is most closely associated with A. atrial contraction. B. ventricular relaxation. C. atrial relaxation. D. ventricular contraction.
D. ventricular contraction.
Doctors suggest that during long periods of sitting, you should flex and extend your feet at the ankles periodically and squeeze your calf muscles to assist with blood circulation. Why would non-exercise muscle contraction affect blood flow and cardiovascular health? A. Contraction of muscles stimulates the arteries to vasodilate, reducing blood pressure. B. Contraction of muscles itself increases heart rate and burns calories, keeping the heart strong and assisting in maintaining healthy weight. C. Contraction of the leg muscles stimulates baroreceptors to signal the autonomic nervous system and decrease blood pressure and heart rate from multiple fronts. D. Contraction of the leg muscles squeezes leg veins, which functions as a pumping mechanism to return deoxygenated blood to the heart.
D. Contraction of the leg muscles squeezes leg veins, which functions as a pumping mechanism to return deoxygenated blood to the heart.
Which of the following waves of an ECG pattern is/are correctly described? A. T wave—depolarization of ventricles B. QRST complex—depolarization of ventricles C. QRS complex—repolarization of ventricles D. P wave—depolarization of atria
D. P wave—depolarization of atria
In an ECG pattern, the PQ interval indicates how long it takes for the cardiac impulse to travel from the A. SA node to the atrial muscle fibers. B. AV node to the atrial muscle fibers. C. SA node to the Purkinje fibers. D. SA node through the AV node.
D. SA node through the AV node.
The correct sequence of parts that carry cardiac impulses is A. SA node, Purkinje fibers, AV node, AV bundle. B. AV node, SA node, Purkinje fibers, AV bundle. C. AV node, AV bundle, Purkinje fibers, SA node. D. SA node, AV node, AV bundle, Purkinje fibers.
D. SA node, AV node, AV bundle, Purkinje fibers.
The structures that contain chemoreceptors that detect blood levels of oxygen and carbon dioxide are the A. aortic sinuses. B. aortic branches. C. capillary buds. D. aortic bodies.
D. aortic bodies.
Impulses that the vagus nerve carries to the heart A. are sympathetic and increase heart rate. B. are parasympathetic and increase heart rate. C. are sympathetic and decrease heart rate. D. are parasympathetic and decrease heart rate.
D. are parasympathetic and decrease heart rate.
When smooth muscles in the walls of the arteries are stimulated to contract, A. blood pressure decreases. B. peripheral resistance decreases. C. viscosity increases. D. blood pressure increases.
D. blood pressure increases.
The longest vein in the body is the A. hepatic portal vein. B. superior vena cava. C. internal iliac vein. D. great saphenous vein.
D. great saphenous vein.
Angiotensin II increases blood pressure by A. inhibiting the release of aldosterone. B. releasing renin. C. promoting the excretion of sodium. D. increasing peripheral resistance.
D. increasing peripheral resistance.
In the arterial disease atherosclerosis, A. blood leaks from vessels. B. holes slowly appear on the interior walls of arteries. C. misshapen red blood cells become lodged in capillaries. D. risk of a thrombus or embolus forming increases.
D. risk of a thrombus or embolus forming increases.
The pulmonary circuit A. sends oxygen-poor blood to the tissues. B. sends oxygen-poor blood to the heart. C. brings oxygen-rich blood from the tissues. D. sends oxygen-poor blood to the lungs.
D. sends oxygen-poor blood to the lungs.
