A & P chapter 16

Hearing and Equilibrium are transmitted along which cranial nerve? VII IX X VIII VI

VIII

What type of papillae is largest and least numerous? Folliate Vallate Filliform

Vallate

What is the correct chronological sequence of events for hearing? a: The tympanic membrane vibrates. b: Ossicles vibrate. c: Spiral organ hair cells convert stimulus to nerve impulse. d: Pressure waves from oval window travel through the scala vestibuli.

a, b, d, c

Which sequence correctly traces the visual pathway followed by the majority of axons? a: Optic nerve b: Optic chiasm c: Occipital lobe d: Lateral geniculate nucleus of thalamus

a, b, d, c

The eye measures about ________ in diameter. 2.5 mm 12.5 mm 2.5 cm 12.5 cm 22.5 cm

2.5 cm

Gustatory cells within a taste bud are specialized neuroepithelial cells that have a _________ life span.

7-10 day

There are five basic taste sensations. Select the one mismatched with its stimulating agent.

Bitter; acids such as those in toxins or poisons

Receptors initiate sensory input to the ______.

Central Nervous System

Which of the following are part of the fibrous tunic? Cornea Sclera Iris

Cornea Sclera

The battery of your electric toothbrush is running down and so you feel a low-frequency vibration in your oral cavity. Which receptors detect this stimulus? Root hair plexus Free nerve ending Bulbous corpuscle End bulbs All of the choices are correct.

End bulbs

Which of the following correct names for the tube that connects the middle ear to the nasopharynx?

Eustachian tube auditory tube pharyngotympanic tube

Our body responds to the osmolarity of our blood plasma, but we are not consciously aware of it. Because we respond but are not aware, this is an example of a sensation, but not of a stimulus. True False

False

The otolithic membrane functions in hearing and in maintaining equilibrium. True False

False

The retina is composed of two layers: an inner pigmented layer and an outer neural layer. True False

False

Which papillae, distributed on the anterior two-thirds of the tongue surface, lack taste buds? Papiform Filiform Fungiform Vallate Foliate

Filiform

Which statement accurately describes the merits of different receptive field properties? Having small receptive fields allows for more precision, but because more receptors are needed it increases overall energy costs. Having large receptive fields allows for more precision, but because the area of responsiveness is larger, it increases the body's energy costs. Having small receptive fields allows for more precision, smaller body surfaces, and decreased energy costs overall. Having large receptive fields allows for more precision, larger body surfaces, and decreased energy costs overall.

Having small receptive fields allows for more precision, but because more receptors are needed it increases overall energy costs.

Which term best describes receptors that detect stimuli from internal organs?

Interoceptors

Place the structures of the vascular tunic in order from anterior to posterior. Choroid Iris Ciliary body

Iris Ciliary Body Choroid

Which are true fo the conjunctiva? It is vascular It does not contain nerve endings it does not cover the cornea it contains goblet cells

It is vascular it does not cover the cornea it contains goblet cell

place the auditory ossicles in the order that they occur from lateral to medial.

Malleus, Incus, Stapes

These receptors respond to pain caused by external and internal stimuli.

Nociceptors

These receptors respond to pain caused by external and internal stimuli. Chemoreceptors Thermoreceptors Photoreceptors Mechanoreceptors Nociceptors

Nociceptors

Which eye feature provides vitamin A for photoreceptor cells?

Pigmented layer of the retina

Which term best describes receptors that detect body and limb movements, skeletal muscle contraction and stretch, and joint capsule structure?

Proprioceptors

Which photoreceptor cells are more numerous? Rods or Cones

Rods

This receptor detects continuous deep pressure and distortion of the skin.

Ruffini corpuscles

Which structure is not considered to be part of the membranous labyrinth?

Scala vestibuli

Order these structures from superficial to deep: sclera pigmented layer fo retina choroid neural layer of retina

Sclera, choroid, pigmented layer of retina, neural layer of retina

Which are tru of cornea? Opaque Transparent Vascular Avascular

Transparent Avascular

Receptors contain modality-gated channels within their plasma membranes. (T or F)

True

Stimulation of olfactory receptor cells involves activation of G-protein molecules inside them. True False

True

T or F. The primary purpose of the eyebrows is to keep sweat to out of the eyes.

True

Which are the basic taste sensations?

Umami Sweet Sour

Which sequence correctly traces the visual pathway followed by the majority of axons? a: Optic nerve b: Optic chiasm c: Occipital lobe d: Lateral geniculate nucleus of thalamus

a, b, d, c

Caffeine and unsweetened chocolate both taste bitter, as they are alkaloids. acids. amino acids. ions of heavy molecular weight. carbohydrates.

alkaloids.

The function of the ossicles is to

amplify sound waves and transmit them to the inner ear

The function of the ossicles is to detect acceleration of the head. amplify sound waves and transmit them to the inner ear. determine static head position. support the tympanic membrane and protect hair cells of the inner ear. initiate action potentials that propagate to the inner ear.

amplify sound waves and transmit them to the inner ear.

Gustatory cells are found in taste ______

buds

Arrange the middle ear bones from lateral to medial. a: Stapes b: Incus c: Malleus

c, b, a

_________ are receptors that detect chemicals.

chemoreceptors

The lens of the eye flattens when ciliary muscles contract. ciliary muscles relax. extrinsic eye muscles contract. extrinsic eye muscles relax. intrinsic muscles of the iris contract.

ciliary muscles relax

What is the name of the "snail-shaped" structure?

cochlea

If you were to cut a cross section of the retina and examine it under a microscope, what would be the order of features from the choroid to the posterior cavity? a: Rods and cones b: Ganglionic axons progressing to the optic nerve c: Bipolar cells d: Ganglion cells' bodies e: Pigmented retina

e, a, c, d, b

The auricle has ______ cartilage that supports its structure.

elastic

The auricle direct sound waves into the the bony tube called the ______ _______ ________ .

external acoustic meatus

Cutaneous receptors are a type of _______ proprioceptors interoceptors exteroceptors

exteroceptors

What type of receptors are found in the mucous membranes? proprioceptors interoceptors extraceptors

extraceptors

In a taste bud the basal cells replace the ______ cells.

gustatory

Some odors cause visceral reactions, such as a gagging response to the smell of rotten food. Such responses are a result of olfactory pathways through the

hypothalamus.

Some odors cause visceral reactions, such as a gagging response to the smell of rotten food. Such responses are a result of olfactory pathways through the cerebellum. amygdala. thalamus. hypothalamus. cerebrum.

hypothalamus.

Specific types of receptors called _______ detect stimuli in the internal organs.

interoceptors

What type of receptor is found in smooth muscle of organs? proprioceptors interoceptors extraceptors

interoceptors

The ______ controls the size or diameter of the ______ and thus the amount of light entering the eye.

iris, pupil

A flattened lens

is necessary for distant vision.

Where are the tears created?

lacrimal apparatus

The receptors responsible for detecting deep pressure and high-frequency vibration are

lamellated corpuscles.

What structure focuses incoming light onto the retina? lens pupil

lens

The vestibular nuclei are located within the _______ and project directly to the _______.

medulla, cerebellum

the stimulating agent is also called a ____ of stimulus.

modality

The fat surrounding the eye is called _______ fat.

orbital

The eyelids are also called _______.

palpabrae

Portion of conjunctiva on the inside of the eyelid is called the:

palpebral conjunctiva

The type of receptor that readily adapts to a stimulus is known as a ________ receptor. phasic tonic transducer multimodal

phasic

What type of receptors make you aware of your body positioning? proprioceptors interoceptors extraceptors

proprioceptors

The sclera

provides for eye shape is made of dense connective tissue

A person having a heart attack may feel pain along the medial side of the left arm. This pain is known as

referred pain.

The lens is ________ when we are viewing close-up objects.

round

Receptors for general senses are usually simple in structure complex in structure

simple in structure

Where are mechanoreceptors found? skin retina ear

skin, retina

We use the sense of _______ to sample our environment for information about the food we will eat, the presence of individuals in the room, or potential danger

smell

Phasic receptors for light touch and texture are Krause bulbs. lamellated corpuscles. arrector pili corpuscles. Ruffini corpuscles. tactile corpuscles.

tactile corpuscles

Because numerous cutaneous and visceral sensory neurons conduct signals on _______ ascending tracts of the spinal cord, the brain sometimes falsely localizes the location of a pain stimulus. the same very different

the same

Certain odors can initiate behavioral and emotional reactions because

there are widespread olfactory associations within the hypothalamus and limbic system.

We have the ability to distinguish one odor among ______ of different ones. thousands hundreds millions

thousands

Which of the following would stimulate somatic nociceptors?

touching a hot pan sprained ankle exposure acid to the skin

What is the function of auditory ossicles?

transmit sound waves to inner ear amplify sound

The external acoustic meatus terminates at the _______ ______ most commonly called the ________.

tympanic membrane, eardrum.

When you travel on a moving walkway or an elevator, the linear acceleration of your body is sensed by the

utricle and saccule

The conjunctiva is : avascular vascular

vascular

What is the space behind the lens called?

vitreous chamber

The gelatinous mass inside of the eye is called the lacrimal secretion. mucoid body. vitreous humor. hyaloid mass. scleroid humor.

vitreous humor