A & P Chapter 19

The average life span of a red blood cell is

4 months

Formed elements make up about what percentage of blood?

45 percent

________ is a condition in which the oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood is reduced.

Anemia

A person with a type A positive blood can safely receive blood from all of these donors EXCEPT __________.

B positive

________ involves a cascade of reactions leading to the conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin.

Coagulation

How would removal of calcium ions from a blood sample affect coagulation?

Coagulation would be prevented.

The disease sickle cell anemia is an example of what can happen if

a gene for adult hemoglobin is abnormal.

Whole blood for testing in a clinical laboratory is usually collected from

a superficial vein

The common pathway of coagulation begins with the

activation of Factor X, production of prothrombin activator

The intrinsic pathway of coagulation is activated by the

activation of Factor XII by platelet factors

The clumping of red blood cells, when the specific antibody against the antigen on the cells is added, is called

agglutination

Antigens of the surface of red blood cells are also called ________ and antibodies in the blood plasma are also called ________.

agglutinogens; agglutinins

The most abundant plasma protein is

albumin

Which plasma protein transports fatty acids and some hormones?

albumin

The most abundant proteins in blood plasma are

albumins

A digestive disorder that impairs a person's ability to absorb vitamin K will result in

all of the answers are correct

An infected wound contains typically contains

all of the answers are correct

In adults, red bone marrow is located in the

all of the answers are correct

When a person who lives at sea level vacations in the Rocky Mountains, you would expect

all of the answers are correct

Which of the following is a function of the blood?

all of the answers are correct

Which of the following is true of basophils?

all of the answers are correct

Which of the following statements is true about platelets?

all of the answers are correct

The formed elements of blood consist of __________.

all of the listed responses

When checking the efficiency of gas exchange, it may be necessary to draw a blood sample from

an artery

Soon after donating 0.5 liters of blood, one would expect

an increased reticulocyte count.

Type A blood has ________ antibodies in the blood plasma.

anti-B

Which of the following is not one of the formed elements of blood?

antibodies

Jane has been taking the antibiotic chloramphenicol for a few weeks as treatment for a serious bacterial infection. There is a possibility that a future side effect of long-term antibiotic therapy could cause her to develop problems in blood cell counts. The result is

aplastic anemia

Antihistamines would work best against which type of WBC?

basophil

White blood cells that release histamine at the site of an injury are

basophils

Blood type is identified primarily by

both the ABO and Rh blood groups.

The function of red blood cells is to

carry oxygen to the cells and then carry away carbon dioxide.

A substance that activates plasminogen might be useful to

cause clot dissolution to proceed faster

The phase of hemostasis that involved clotting of blood is called

coagulation

Platelets are

cytoplasmic fragments of large cells.

Eosinophils function in

destroying antibody-labeled antigens.

Which of these descriptions best matches the term B lymphocytes?

develop into plasma cells

A moving blood clot is called a(n)

embolus

White blood cells that are increased in allergic individuals are the

eosinophils

The process of red blood cell production is called

erythropoiesis

Red blood cell production is regulated by the hormone

erythropoietin

A plasma protein essential for blood coagulation is

fibrinogen

The plasma protein involved in blood clotting is

fibrinogen

Approximately 45 percent of blood volume is composed of the

formed elements

A hematocrit provides information on

formed elements abundance

Jane has Type A blood; therefore, she

has antibodies to B agglutinogens.

The percent fraction of formed elements relative to whole blood is the

hematocrit

Consider the following results from a blood lab test. Which value is most likely abnormal?

hemoglobin — 10.7 g/100 ml

Some rat poisons contain a toxin that blocks the liver's ability to utilize vitamin K. Animals that consume this poison would die of

hemorrhage

Excess iron is stored in the liver and spleen as

hemosiderin and ferritin.

Which of the following descriptions best matches the term colony stimulating factor?

hormone that regulates white blood cell formation

Thyroid-binding globulin is an example of which kind of plasma protein?

hormone-binding

A person who has a low blood volume is said to be

hypovolemic

Plasma proteins essential in body defense are the

immunoglobulins

Proteins in the blood for defense are called

immunoglobulins

All of the following are true of neutrophils except that they are

important in coagulation

Pernicious anemia caused by a lack of intrinsic factor is specifically treated by

injections of vitamin B12.

Plasma is closest in composition to

interstitial fluid

Each heme ring in hemoglobin encloses an atom of

iron

Which organ secretes most of the plasma proteins?

liver

Platelets are pinched off from giant multinucleated cells in the bone marrow called

megakaryocytes

Transferrin is an example of which kind of plasma protein?

metalloprotein

Which of the following combinations may result in the hemolytic disease of the newborn?

mother Rh negative, baby Rh positive

During a bacterial infection you would expect to see increased numbers of

neutrophils

The most numerous white blood cells in peripheral circulation are the

neutrophils

The white blood cell type that most rapidly increases in number after a bacterial infection is the __________.

neutrophils

Surgical removal of the stomach could cause

pernicious anemia

The enzyme that can digest fibrin and dissolve a clot is

plasmin

The function of platelets is to assist in the

process called hemostasis

The chief difference between plasma and interstitial fluid involves the concentration of

proteins

Granulocytes form in

red bone marrow

In adults, the only site of red blood cell production, and the primary site of white blood cell formation, is the

red bone marrow

The most abundant component of plasma is (are)

water

The combination of plasma and formed elements is called

whole blood

________ are large phagocytic white cells that spend most of their time outside the blood as fixed and free phagocytic cells

Monocytes

The extrinsic pathway of coagulation is initiated by the

release of tissue factor (Factor III) by damaged endothelium.

Aged and damaged erythrocytes are broken down by macrophages in the

spleen, liver, and bone marrow

A bruise appears as a greenish spot in the skin because

the heme group in the hemoglobin has broken down into biliverdin.

People with type O blood are considered "universal donors" for transfusions because __________.

their red blood cells lack A and B surface antigens

The conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin is catalyzed by the enzyme

thrombin