A & P Unit III, Ch 8
C) Release of a neurotransmitter from the axon terminal
"The arrival of an action potential at the end of an axon results in _______. A) Mechanical stimulation of the effector cell B) The release of ions from the axon terminal C) Release of a neurotransmitter from the axon terminal D) Generation of the new action potential"
c) Somatic nervous system
"Which of the following provides control over skeletal muscles? a) Parasympathetic nervous system b) Afferent division c) Somatic nervous system d) Autonomic nervous system"
C) 4, 1, 3, 2
"Which of the following is the correct order of events that occur at a cholinergic synapse? 1. Extracellular calcium enters the axon terminal, triggering the exocytosis of acetylcholine 2. Acetylcholine is removed by acetylcholinesterase. 3. Acetylcholine binds receptors and depolarizes the postsynaptic membrane 4. axon terminal depolarizes A) 1,4, 3, 2 B) 2, 3, 1, 4 C) 4, 1, 3, 2 D) 3, 4, 1, 2 E) 4, 1, 2, 3"
D) All are matched correctly
"Which of the following tears are mismatched? A) Dendrites: receive messages B) Axons: send messages C) Cell body: nucleus D) All are matched correctly"
B) Na+ is pumped out of the cell and K+ is pumped into the cell
"Which statement accurately describes the action of Na+ -K+ pump? A) Both NA + and K+ are pumped into the cell B) Na+ is pumped out of the cell and K+ is pumped into the cell C) Both Na+ and K+ are pumped out of the cell D) K+ is pumped of the cell and Na+ is pumped into the cell"
B) Collaterals
"Branches that sometimes occur along the length of an axon are called: A) Action potentials B) Collaterals C) Hillocks D) Synaptic knobs E) Synapse"
b) Is not usually under conscious control
The autonomic nervous system: a) Innervate skeletal muscle b) Is not usually under conscious control c) Is always excitatory d) Has a single nerve extending from the spinal cord
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The division of the autonomic nervous system that maintains homeostasis during stressful conditions is the: a) Sympathetic division b) Parasympathetic division c) Sauro how one column bar division d) Sora how lumbar division e) Arachnoid division Somatic motor division Answer sympathetic division
Cholinergic Synapse sequence of events
Cholinergic Synapse sequence of events
Label the structural classification of neurons
Label the structural classification of neurons
c) Preganglionic neuron
An autonomic motor neuron whose cell body lies in the CNS is called a: a) Lower motor neuron b) Postganglionic neuron c) Preganglionic neuron d) Upper motor neuron e) Somatic motor neurons Answer pre-ganglionic neuron
b) Skeletal muscle
Autonomic motor nerves do not innovate: a) Smooth muscle b) Skeletal muscle c) Cardiac muscle d) Glands
e) all of the above
Preganglionic fibers of parasympathetic neurons can be found in cranial nerves: a) III b) VII c) IX d) X e) all of the above
D) Depolarization
"The shift of positively charged ions into the cell is called ________. A) Repolarization B) Polarized C) Hyperpolarization D) Depolarization"
A) A large, myelinated axon
"The velocity of the action potential is fastest in which of the following axons? A) A large, myelinated axon B) A large, unmyelinated axon C) A small, unmyelinated axon"
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The limbic system The blank establishes emotional states McBrain Ponds Cerebellum Limbic system Basil nuclei
D) Schwann cells
"Oligodendrocytes are to CNS as _______ are to PNS A) Microglia B) Astrocytes C) Satellite cells D) Schwann cells"
B) Depolarization
"Opening of voltage - gated sodium channels in the membrane of the neuron result in: A) Increased negative charge inside the membrane B) Depolarization C) Myelination D) Repolarization E) Hyperpolarization"
A) Is faster than conduction on an unmyelinated axon
"Saltatory conduction: A) Is faster than conduction on an unmyelinated axon B) Occurs only if the myelin sheath is continuous C) Occurs at the synapse D) Is slower than conduction on an unmyelinated axon E) Occurs only if nodes of Ranvier are lacking"
e) autonomic
"The _______ nervous system provides involuntary regulation of smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and glandular activity. a) Central b) Collateral c) Somatic d) Ganglionic e) autonomic"
d) Motor, from
1. The structure labeled D carries ______ information _____ the spinal cord Photo of the spinal cord sagittal view a) Motor, to b) Sensory, from c) Sensory, to d) Motor, from
d) Sympathetic postganglionic fibers
The effects of neurotransmitters released by the modified neurons of the adrenal medullae resemble those produced by the stimulation of _______: a) Sympathetic preganglionic fibers b) pelvic nerves c) Parasympathetic postganglionic fibers d) Sympathetic postganglionic fibers e) Parasympathetic preganlionic fibers
D) 5,7,1,4,3,6,2
"1. Sodium enters the cell 2. Cell is repolarized 3. Voltage gated sodium channels close as voltage-gated potassium channels open 4. Cell is depolarized 5. A stimulus arrives 6. Potassium leaves the cell 7. Voltage-gated sodium channels open A) 5,1,3,2,4,7,6 B) 5,3,6,7,1,4,2 C) 5,7,1,2,3,6,4 D) 5,7,1,4,3,6,2"
D) Calcium
"39. Which I am as needed to trigger the release of acetylcholine, via exocytosis, into the synaptic cleft? A) Sodium B) Potassium C) Zinc D) Calcium E) Chloride"
D) Sensory neuron
"A neuron that sends messages to the CNS, and is composed of one or more dendrites and single axon, is functionally classified as a _______. A) Efferent neuron B) multineuron C) Interneurons D) Sensory neuron"
C) From the axon hillock down the axon away from the cell body
"Action potentials move in which direction? A) From the axon hillock toward the cell body B) In both directions from the axon hillock, toward the cell body and down the axon C) From the axon hillock down the axon away from the cell body"
d) Peripheral
"All of the nervous tissue outside of the central nervous system comprises the _______ nervous system. a) Sympathetic b) Somatic c) Autonomic d) Peripheral e) Central"
D) Tracts
"Bundles of CNS axons that share a common origin, destination, and function are called _______. A) Centers B) The cortex C) Nuclei D) Tracts E) Ganglia"
D) Nissl bodies
"Clusters of rough endoplasmic reticulum and free ribosomes are known as: A) Neurofilaments B) Synapses C) Microglia D) Nissl bodies E) Neurofibrils"
C) Na+ and Cl-
"Concentrations of which two ions or highest outside the cell? A) Na+ and A- (negatively charged proteins) B) K + and A- (negatively charged proteins) C) Na+ and Cl- D) K + and Cl-"
A) An influx of sodium ions from the current action potential depolarizes the adjacent areas
"How is an action potential propagated along an axon? A) An influx of sodium ions from the current action potential depolarizes the adjacent areas B) And efflux of potassium from the current action potential depolarizes the adjacent area C) Stimuli from the graded (local) potentials from the soma and dendrites depolarizing the entire axon"
C) Slow closing of K+ channels
"Hyperpolarization results from ________. A) Fast closing of K+ channels B) Slow closing of Na+ channels C) Slow closing of K+ channels"
D) 3,1,2,4
"Identify the correct sequence of steps in the generation of an action potential. 1. Activation of sodium channels and rapid depolarization 2. Inactivation of sodium channels and activation of potassium channels 3. Depolarization to threshold 4. Closing of potassium channels A) 4,3,2,1 B) 3,1,4,2 C) 1,3,2,4 D) 3,1,2,4 E) 1,3,4,2""
B) Bipolar
"Neurons that have one axon and one dendrite with a soma between them are called: A) Unipolar B) Bipolar C) Tripolar D) Polypolar E) multipolar"
A) Microglia
"Small phagocytic glial cells, which are derived from white blood cells, are called: A) Microglia B) Astrocytes C) Ependymal cells D) Schwann cells E) Oligodendrocytes"
e) Afferent
"The _______ division of the nervous system brings sensory information to the central nervous system. a) Efferent b) Spinal c) Motor d) Descending e) Afferent"
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Label the parts of the neuron:
c) Constriction of the pupils
Which of the following is not an affect of activation of the sympathetic division? a) Release of stored lipids from adipose tissue b) peripheral vasoconstriction c) Constriction of the pupils d) Sweating
c) Sympathetic nervous system
Which of the following systems is responsible for the "fight or flight" response? Choose the most precise answer: a) Parasympathetic nervous system b) Central nervous system c) Sympathetic nervous system d) Autonomic nervous system
A) Capable of cell division
"Unlike neurons, the neuroglia are _______. A) Capable of cell division B) Very large cells C) Not very numerous D) Only found in the CNS"
C) Maintain the resting membrane potential
"What is the function of the Na+ -K+ pump? A) Establishing the resting membrane potential B) to decrease the resting membrane potential C) Maintain the resting membrane potential D) To make sure there are more positively charged particles inside the cell than outside the cell"
Structure of typical synapse
Structure of typical synapse
A) All stimuli great enough to bring the membrane to threshold will produce identical action potentials
"The all - or - none principle states that: A) All stimuli great enough to bring the membrane to threshold will produce identical action potentials B) Only sensory stimuli can activate action potentials C) All stimuli will produce identical action potentials D) Only motor stimuli can activate action potentials E) The greater the magnitude of the stimuli, the greater the intensity of the action potential"
c) Central nervous system
"The brain and spinal cord comprise the: a) Efferent nervous system b) Afferent nervous system c) Central nervous system d) Autonomic nervous system e) Peripheral nervous system"
C) Opening of Na+ channels
"The depolarization phase of an action potential results from which of the following? A) Opening of K+ channels B) Closing of Na+ channels C) Opening of Na+ channels D) Closing of K+ channels"
C) Astrocytes
"The glial cells responsible for maintaining the blood - brain barrier are the A) Schwann cells B) Microglia C) Astrocytes D) Ependymal cells E) Satellite cells"
C) K+; Na+
"The membranes of neurons at rest are very permeable to _______ but only slightly permeable to _______. A) Na+; Cl- B) Na+; K+ C) K+; Na+ D) K+; Cl-"
D) Oligodendrocytes
"The myelin sheaths that surround the axons of some of the neurons in the CNS are formed by: A) Ependymal cells B) microglia C) Astrocytes D) Oligodendrocytes E) Schwann cells"
d) Afferent division
"The part of the peripheral nervous system that brings information to the central nervous system is the: a) Efferent division b) Motor division c) Autonomic division d) Afferent division e) Somatic division"
C) The opening of K+ channels
"The repolarization phase of an action potential results from _______. A) The opening of Na+ channels B) The closing of Na+ channels C) The opening of K+ channels D) The closing of K+ channels"
C) -70 mV
"The resting potential of a neuron is _______. A) +10 mV B) 0 mV C) -70 mV D) -10 mV E) +70 mV"
B) Ependymal cells line the central canal and ventricles of the brain and produce cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)
"What do ependymal cells do? A) Ependymal cells serve as electrical insulation and increase the speed of impulses. B) Ependymal cells line the central canal and ventricles of the brain and produce cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) C) Ependymal cells are phagocytic cells derived from white blood cells D) Ependymal cells secrete chemicals vital to the maintenance of the blood-brain barrier (BBB"
A) Saltatory carries impulses at a faster rate than continuous propagation
"What is the difference between saltatory and continuous propagation of nerve impulses? A) Saltatory carries impulses at a faster rate than continuous propagation B) Saltatory occurs in unmyelinated fibers, whereas continuous occurs in myelinated fibers C) Saltatory and continuous carry the impulses at the same rate D) Continuous carries impulses at a faster rate than saltatory propagation"
D) 100 mV
"What is the magnitude (amplitude) of an action potential? A) 30 mV B) 15 mV C) 70 mV D) 100 mV"
B) Dendrite
"What is the structure labeled "A"? A) Cell body B) Dendrite C) Synapse D) Axon"
A)-70 mV
"What is the value for the resting membrane potential for most neurons? A)-70 mV B) + 30 mV C)-90 mV"
C) Potassium
"When a neuron is at rest, which ion passes through its membrane most easily? A) Sulfate B) Sodium C) Potassium D) Chloride E) Proteins"
B) Axon hillock
"Where in the neuron is an action potential initially generated? A) Anywhere on the axon B) Axon hillock C) Dendrites D) cell body"
E) Ependymal cells
"Which neuralgia cells produce CSF in some regions of the brain? A) Microglia B) Schwann Cells C) Astrocyte D) Oligodendrocytes E) Ependymal cells"
Multipolor neuron
"Which neuron structure is depicted here A) Neuroglia B) Bipolar neuron C) Multipolor neuron D) Unipolar neuron"
e) Sending signals to muscles
"Which of the following is a function of the efferent division of the nervous system? a) Providing sensation of the internal and external environments b) Regulating or controlling peripheral structures and systems c) Integrating sensory information d) Coordinating voluntary and involuntary activities e) Sending signals to muscles"
C) Nodes
"Which structure is labeled B this is a photo of a schwann A) Oligodendrocyte B) Schwann cell C) Nodes D) Internodes"
B) Sodium channels are inactive
"Why can't an action potential be generated during the absolute refractory period? A) Calcium channels are inactive B) Sodium channels are inactive C) Sodium channels are active, but potassium channels are inactive"
e) Both sympathetic and parasympathetic nerves
Dual innovation refers to an organ receiving: a) Two nerves from spinal cord b) Both autonomic and somatic motor nerves c) Nerves from both the brain and spinal cord d) Both preganglionic and postganglionic innervation e) Both sympathetic and parasympathetic nerves
a) Increased secretion by digestive glands
Effect produced by the parasympathetic branch of the autonomic nervous system include: a) Increased secretion by digestive glands b) Dilation of respiratory passages c) Increased tissue metabolism d) Increased heart rate e) Dilation of the pupils