A+ Chapter 15 -Working with the Command-Line Interface
Which of these is not a valid Microsoft Office file extension?
".gif"
What switch to the Linux cp command allows it to copy multiple folders and files?
-R
Program filenames use the extension _______________ or _______________.
.exe, .com or .com, .exe
A Windows command switch is expressed by using which character?
/
Use the _______________ switch to get help on the syntax and switches of a Windows command.
/?
Which of these characters gives you all possible switches for a Windows command?
/?
The xcopy command with the _______________ switch is used to copy all subdirectories except for empty ones.
/s
Which wildcard character replaces a single character in the command-line interface?
?
In Windows, what character in a path is used to indicate a subdirectory within a directory?
A backslash (\) is used to indicate a subdirectory within a directory.
How can a user list all the switches for a command?
A user can list all the switches for a command by typing the command followed by a slash and question mark (/?). The /? switch displays a help screen for that particular command.
How can a user view the contents of a Windows directory?
A user can view the contents of a directory by using the dir command.
What is the difference between a folder and a subfolder, or a directory and a subdirectory?
All files are put into groups called folders or directories. Folders within folders are called subfolders. A directory inside another directory is called a subdirectory. Folders and directories refer to the same thing; the words are interchangeable.
How do operating systems view each program and piece of data on a hard drive?
All operating systems see each program and piece of data as an individual file. Each file has a name, which is stored with the file on the drive.
What response is displayed when a command is followed by the /? characters?
Any command followed by the /? switch displays the help screen for that particular command.
In Windows, hard drive partitions are usually start with the letter _______________.
C:
If the TEST directory in the C: drive had a subdirectory called SYSTEM, it would be shown as _______________.
C:\TEST\SYSTEM
In older Windows versions, the filename was restricted to _______________ characters.
Eight
How can you find out what switches are available with the copy command?
Entering copy /? will display additional switches such as /a /v and /y that are available for use with the copy command.
What is a switch?
Extra text typed after a command to modify its operation, such as the /w or /p after dir, is called a switch.
Which key in the Windows command-line interface brings back the previous command, one letter at a time?
F1
The _______________ command will display the name of your computer.
Hostname
What does the term "mounting" mean?
In macOS and Linux, all storage except for the root drive—partitions, optical drives, thumb drives, and so on—must go through a process called mounting to enable the OS to treat them as folders.
What is the "8.3" format for filenames?
In the early days of PCs, each filename in Microsoft systems, was broken down into two parts: the filename and the extension. The filename could not be longer than eight characters. The extension could be up to three characters long. The filename and extension were separated by a period, or "dot." This naming system is thus known as the "8.3" naming system.
How many files with the same name can exist in a single directory?
No two files with the same name can exist in a single directory.
What separates a filename and its extension?
Period
Which Windows command will copy encrypted files?
Robocopy
If you attempt to enter a command and receive the "Windows needs your permission to continue" dialog box, you should right-click a command-prompt shortcut and select _______________.
Run as administrator
A common way to access the command-line interface in Windows is through the _______________.
Start Menu
What Linux command will display the syntax and switch options for the cp command?
The command man cp will display the syntax and switch options for the cp command.
Explain what a shell is.
The command prompt, like a GUI, is just another way to interface with a computer. The command line interprets input and sends it to the OS in a form the OS understands, and then shows the results. The tool that interprets input is called the command-line interpreter, also known as the shell.
What is the correct path for a file named Marks.TXT on the C: drive in a directory called Students, which is residing in a directory called REPORT, which is residing in the root directory?
The correct path is C:\REPORT\Students\Marks.TXT.
What is the exact location of a file called?
The exact location of a file is called a path.
What does the extension part of a filename instruct the computer to do with the file?
The extension part of a filename tells the computer which program to launch when the file is opened.
What does the extension part of a filename indicate?
The extension part of the filename indicates the type or function of the file.
What character represents the root of a Linux file system?
The forward slash, "/" is the root of a Linux file system.
If the Pictures subfolder under /home/sally on a Linux hard drive contains the file selfie.jpg, what is the full path to that file?
The full path is /home/sally/Pictures/selfie.jpg.
What Linux command lists the contents of a directory?
The ls command lists the contents of a directory.
What Linux command lists the current working directory?
The pwd command lists the current working directory.
What does the tilde (~) character represent in macOS and Linux?
The tilde is shorthand for the user's home directory.
How does Windows organize the contents in drives?
Windows uses a hierarchical directory tree system to organize the contents in drives. All files are put into groups called folders. Any folder can have multiple subfolders and files.
How is the command-line interface accessed in Windows?
You access the command-line interface in Windows by starting the shell program cmd.exe. You may do this through the Start menu or the Start screen's Search bar.
In the Windows command-line syntax, a directory is referred to by which character(s)?
\
The file's _______________ indicates what type of program uses the data by looking at the _______________.
association; extension
On macOS and on most Linux distros, the default shell is called _______________.
bash
Which command will allow you to go up a single directory level at a time?
cd..
Which Windows command always navigates the command-line interface back to the root directory?
cd\
Entering the command _______________ at a Command Prompt will scan, detect, and repair hard drive volume- and sector-related issues.
chkdsk /f /r c:
In Windows, the user should type _______________ in the Start screen's Search bar and press the enter key to access the command-line interface.
cmd
A text-based user interface, in which users type in instructions at a prompt, is also known as a _______________ interface.
command-line
The Linux command _______________ copies a folder and all its subfolders
cp -R
The prompt is pointed at the C: drive on a Windows machine. To change the focus to the D: drive, you would type _______________.
d:
The user can delete all the files in a directory by typing _______________ at the Command Prompt.
del *.*
Which command shows the contents of the current directory in Windows?
dir
The Windows _______________ command shows only filenames and arranges them in five columns across the screen.
dir /w or dir/w
The command to find every file that starts with the letter c is _______________.
dir c*.*
The standard copy/move commands can work on only one _______________ at a time.
directory
macOS and Linux do not use _______________ to move between drives.
drive letters
The _______________ of a filename informs the computer of the type or function of the file.
extension
Because xcopy works on directories, you do not have to specify _______________ as you would in copy.
filenames
Windows uses a _______________ to organize the contents in drives.
hierarchical directory tree
Which Linux command lists the contents of a directory?
ls
What Linux command describes the syntax and options of a specific command?
man
Which command is used to create a new directory in Windows?
md
To make a directory, the command _______________ or _______________ is used.
md, mkdir or mkdir, md
What Linux command is used to create a new directory
mkdir
The _______________ or _______________commands copy one or more files and delete the originals.
move, mv or mv, move
By default, _______________ drives get the next available drive letter after the last hard drive partition in Windows.
optical
The exact location of a file is called its _______________.
path
A(n) _______________, represented in Linux by the | symbol, connects the output of one command to the input of a second command.
pipe
The command-line interface tells a user it is ready to receive commands by displaying a specific set of characters called a(n) _______________.
prompt
The command-line interface tells a user that it's ready to receive commands by displaying a specific set of characters called a(n) _______________.
prompt
The Linux command _______________ displays the current working directory.
pwd
What Linux command displays the current working directory?
pwd
Which command deletes a directory in Windows?
rd
The Windows _______________ command will not delete a directory if it contains files or subdirectories.
rd or rmdir
For removing directories, the _______________ command works in both Windows and Linux, but _______________ works only in Windows.
rmdir, rd
The Windows _______________ can copy files between a local computer and another computer across a network.
robocopy
On a Linux system it is considered bad manners to create files and folders in the _______________ directory.
root
The top level directory is also known as the _______________ directory.
root
A file not within a subfolder is said to be in the _______________.
root directory
In Linux, / represents the _______________.
root directory
The cd \ command in Windows always navigates back to the _______________.
root directory
The Windows System File Checker, or simply _______________.exe, scans, detects, and restores important Windows system files, folders, and paths.
sfc
Entering the command _______________ at a command prompt will scan, detect, and restore important Windows system files, folders, and paths.
sfc /scannow
Which Windows command will power down a local or remote computer?
shutdown
The Linux commands ____________________, and _______________ allow a normal user to execute commands that require advanced, or root, privileges.
su, sudo or sudo, su
A folder inside another folder is called a(n) _______________.
subfolder
Extra text typed after a command to modify its operation, such as /w or /p after dir, is called a(n) _______________.
switch
If you want to go up a single directory level, you can type cd followed immediately by _______________.
two periods or two dots or
In the command-line interface, there are two _______________ characters: the asterisk (*) and question mark (?).
wildcard
What Windows command can be used to copy entire directories, including subdirectories?
xcopy
Windows comes with a tool called _______________ that enables a user to copy multiple folders and subfolders.
xcopy
Which symbol is called a pipe?
|
In macOS and Linux, what is the shorthand character that represents a user's home directory?
~
In macOS and Linux, the _______________ character is shorthand for the user's home directory.
~ or tilde
