A + P Ch. 4 (Cellular Metabolism)
What is true about the TCA cycle?
begins with the formation of a molecule of citric acid.
The initial phase of fatty acid oxidation is called...
beta oxidation.
What acts as an intermediary that accepts electrons from one molecule and transfers them to another molecule?
coenzyme.
Lipogenesis generally begins with which of the following?
acetyl-coa.
The oxidative deamination and energy use of amino acids are promoted by which of the following?
excessive amounts of dietary proteins.
Fats yield approximately 4 kcal of energy during catabolism.
false.
What is true about metabolism of lipids?
fats yield approximately 9 kcal of energy per gram. digested fats are transported in lymph. fats have approximately twice the yield of carbs. fats have approximately twice the yield of proteins.
If ketone bodies are present in large quantities in the urine and blood, there is usually increased metabolism of:
fatty acids.
What molecule serves as the primary source of readily available fuel for neurons and blood cells?
glucose.
Glycerol is easily converted to act as an intermediate substance during glycolysis. What is the intermediate substance?
glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate.
Cellular respiration requires three types of reactions:
glycolysis, citric acid cycle, election transport chain.
The synthesis of larger molecules from smaller ones is called:
anabolism.
When simpler sugar molecules make up molecules in glycogen, the process is referred to as:
anabolism.
Cytochromes contain which of the following metal atoms:
iron.
A person who consumes many complex carbohydrates has more glycogen stored in which of the following organs?
muscles.
Gluconeogenesis is is especially important for the protection of which body system?
nervous system.
What occurs during glycolysis?
one molecule of glucose is converted into two molecules of pyruvic acid.
What mechanism produces the most app during cellular respiration?
oxidative phosphorylation.
What produces a significant amount of energy in cellular respiration?
oxygen.
In the process of glycolysis, glucose is broken down to yield:
pyretic acid and lactic acid.
In the process of cellular respiration, each molecule of glucose that is metabolized releases enough energy to form how many molecules of ATP?
36.
The target of enzyme action is called the:
substrate.
The part of an enzyme molecule that binds a substrate is called...
the active site.
In transamination, the amino group of an amino acid is...
transferred to a keto acid.
Pyruvic acid combines with a coenzyme to form which of the following?
acetyl coa.
What occurs during the process of gluconeogenesis?
glucose is formed from non carbohydrate precursors.
What causes lipogenesis to become the primary activity in the adipose tissue?
high blood sugar.
An electrochemical proton (H+) gradient is created across the:
inner mitochondrial membrane.
Glucose enters cells via facilitated diffusion, which is largely enhanced by which of the following?
insulin.
The electron transport chain converts energy via release of electron energy to pump protons.
true.
The liver converts Acetyl-CoA molecules to ketones.
true.
The carbon dioxide of respiration is formed during:
the tca cycle.
In glycolysis, each molecule of glucose metabolized releases enough energy to form how many molecules of ATP?
2.
What are features of beta oxidation?
it occurs in the mitochondria. all second carbons are reduced. fatty acids are broken into acetic fragments.
Glycolosis is a process of breaking down glucose to yield pyruvic acid and what?
lactic acid.
Polypeptide is formed:
many amino acids.
What is the result of ketosis?
metabolic acidosis.
What occurs during Lypolysis?
triglycerides are broken down into glycerol and fatty acids.
A dipeptide is formed from two amino acids bound together.
true.
Anabolism is the process of building complex molecules in the body from simple materials.
true.
Anasthesia gains more heat than the body is able to lose, causing hyperthermia.
true.
Catabolism and Anabolism both begin with glucose-6-phosphate.
true.
Deaminated amino acids converted to pyruvic acid can be reconverted to glucose.
true.
Each ATP molecule has a chain of three groups of phosphates.
true.
Excess proteins cannot be stored by the body.
true.
Glucose and oxygen are required for cellular respiration.
true.
Glucose is stored as glycogen.
true.
High blood sugar causes lipogenesis to become a primary activity in the adipose tissues.
true.
Protein synthesis occurs on ribosomes, where enzymes control formation of peptide bonds.
true.
The pathways of aerobic respiration are located inside the cell.
true.
When glycogen is stored, the liver cells are at their most active states.
true.
Along with water, which of the following is the end product of the combination of ammonia and carbon dioxide?
urea.