AAC Final

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Which group often takes the right to communication for all people for granted? A. People who are literate B. People who easily speak verbally C. None of the above D. A & B

Unknown (maybe a and b)

According to the textbook, when discussing functional communication training, all of the following are methods to collect information on antecedents, behaviors, and consequences except: a) complete formalized testing b) complete or have a communication partner complete a daily behavior log c) interview the parent or communication partner d) observe the individual engaging in daily activities

All of the following are intervention strategies for emerging AAC communicators EXCEPT: a) teaching storytelling by having the AAC communicator use a pre-stored message in a communication book or high tech AAC device b) teaching referential skills such as pointing to objects c) creating a confirmation signal through vocalizations, nodding, or reaching d) teaching the individual to communicate their choice of activity or item by selecting an object or photo of the object

All of the following are primary configurations for scanning on an AAC device except: A. Directed (Inverse) Scanning B. Linear Scanning C. Group-Item Scanning D. Circular Scanning

All of the following are types of dyskinetic cerebral palsy EXCEPT: a) spastic-athetoid cerebral palsy b) athetoid cerebral palsy c) dystonic cerebral palsy d) choreoathetoid cerebral palsy

All of the following may be helpful behavioral modifications for an assessment except: a. move quickly through transitions b. use a visual schedule c. use motivating materials d. provide frequent breaks

An individual with which diagnosis would most likely be an emerging AAC communicator? A. Global aphasia B. Conduction aphasia C. Anomic aphasia D. Broca's aphasia

During which stage(s) of recovery are individuals with a TBI unable to speak functionally due to cognitive impairments? A. Early stage B. Middle stage C. Late stage D. All of the above

Health care professionals, such as nurses or physicians, can be a communication partner for a person who uses AAC. Which of the following would be an example of knowledge and skills health care professionals need for these interactions? a. use appropriate interaction strategies to understand medical needs of the individual b. utilize effective, evidence-based instruction to teach new skills to individuals who rely on AAC c. ensure proper positioning to support access to AAC d. demonstrate awareness of communication accessibility issues

How many Americans have complex communication needs with limited or no access to conventional channels of communication? A. 5 million B. 2 million C. 10 million D. 500,000 thousand

If a client does not "easily associate photos or line drawings of common objects with their referents", then they would be considered to be in the ____ level within the continuum of support. a. Emerging b. Transitional c. Functional d. Comprehensive

In addition to speech, what additional changes do AAC interventionist have to be aware of for those with ALS? A. Cognitive and behavioral B. Emotional and financial C. Anatomical and physiological D. Behavioral and financial

Navigational strategies such as symbols that direct a communication partner to take an action (e.g. turn the page), pragmatic starters (e.g. I'm asking a question), and symbols for conversational repair (e.g. that's not what I am saying) are characteristic of which grid display system? A. Pragmatic Organization Dynamic Displays (PODD) B. Semantic-Syntactic Displays C. Taxonomic Grid Displays D. Schematic or Activity Grid Displays

The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2019) reported that 47.9% of all TBI-related emergency room visits, hospitalizations, and deaths occurred as a result of... a. falls (primarily in the younger and older age groups) b. being struck by or against objects c. motor vehicle accidents d. blast injuries

The following phases of intervention best describe which acquired condition: Early Phase: Monitor, Prepare, and Support Middle Phase: Assess, Recommend, Implement Late Phase: Adapt and Accommodate a) Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) b) Multiple Sclerosis (MS) c) Parkinson's Disease d) Brainstem Stroke

The practices that "actively involve family members in decision making, utilize existing family strengths, and develop family capabilities to be actively involved" (Beukelman & Light, 2020) are known by the term: a) Participatory practices b) Involvement practices c) Relational practices d) Family capability practices

The technique described as "A communication partner asks a question, models a symbol, or places a desired item in view and then provides an extended wait (i.e., pause), accompanied by an expectant facial expression and eye contact (Halle, Baer, & Spradlin, 1981)" is: a. Expectant time delay b. Incomplete presentation c. Interrupted behavior chain d. Mand model

Until the mid-1990s, AAC interventions were primarily reserved for individuals with... A. Severe articulation issues post TBI B. Severe swallowing issues due to TBI C. Mild-moderate anarthria after multiple seizures D. Intellectual disorders

What is not an intervention to build semantic skills listed in the chapter? A. conversation-based intervention B. fast mapping C. shared book reading D. explicit vocabulary instruction

What is one factor that shows how AAC selection and personalization can differ for acquired medical conditions compared to developmental disabilities? A. The rate at which written and/or spoken communication abilities deteriorate. B. Aided modalities are typically preferred by those with acquired conditions. C. Acquired conditions are more severe than developmental disabilities. D. The amount of time communication partners spend working with the individual.

What is the main goal of middle stage assessment for individuals with TBI? A) identify residual capabilities to achieve communication goals B) identify changes in response patterns C) analyzing participation patterns of individuals with their families D) identify opportunity barriers

What teaching approach includes breaking a target skill into smaller pieces and teaching components of the skill through techniques such as modeling, prompting, feedback, and reinforcement? A. Systematic Instruction B. Assistive Technology C. Curriculum Accommodations D. None of the Above

What type of communication involves discussing past or future events that tends to be more difficulty for AAC users to participate in due to less contextual support and high reliance on primarily language skills? A. Displaced Talk B. Conversational Coaching C. Initiation and Topic- Setting Strategies D. Story Telling

When assessing the level of cognitive functioning and associated language behaviors of those with TBI, if the client inconsistently responds to stimulus by physiologic changes, gross body movements or vocalizations, they would be considered to be in the _____ state. a. Generalized Response b. Localized Response c. Confused-Appropriate d. Automatic-Appropriate

When preparing the vocabulary and messages on an AAC device for an individual who is literate, the AAC team will include types of messages related to all of the following EXCEPT: a) grammatical complexity b) message acceleration c) fatigue reduction d) timing enhancement

When teaching how to initiate requests for objects and activities, which approach teaches learners to exchange symbols for desired items? A. PECS B. Generalized Requesting C. General Case Instruction D. None of the above

When thinking about the continuum of AAC support, which of the following requires the least (i.e., minimal) support? a. specific-need AAC communicators b. transitional AAC communicators c. generative AAC communicators d. emerging AAC communicators

Which format for assessing symbol representation looks at an individual's ability to participate in conversations by them asking meaningful and motivating questions? a: Functional Question-Answer Format b: Yes/No Format c: Functional Requesting Format d: Visual Matching Format e: Receptive Labeling Format

Which of the following are not one of the nine general principles for working with beginning communicators? A. Focus intervention on young communicators B. Start intervention as early as possible C. Involve the client's family D. Ensure all individuals have the right to communicate

Which of the following can be defined as "...prescribes the action(s) and support to be implemented for a patient with a specific medical condition."? a) Standing Order b) Care Map c) Specific Order d) Standing Referral

Which of the following is NOT a key consideration when designing AAC interventions for individuals with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDDs)? A. ensuring access B. eliminating opportunity barriers C. addressing challenging behaviors D. personalizing intervention to meet needs and skills

Which of the following is NOT an incidental teaching procedure? A. explicit instruction B. incomplete presentation C. interrupted behavior chain D. wrong-item format

Which of the following is NOT one of the most important skills for medical professionals to consider when working with individuals with cerebral palsy? A. Memory B. Hearing C. Vision D. Motor skills

Which of the following is an example of a motivation barrier to communication? A. feeling overwhelmed by the demands of communication and forfeiting opportunities B. not feeling comfortable trying new techniques to successfully communicate C. due to outside factors (e.g., bullying), deciding not to continue using AAC to communicate D. None of the above

Which of the following is an expected language behavior of an individual at Rancho's level V? A. receptive processing improved with rate, accuracy, and quality reduced B. no receptive or expressive processing C. expressive syntactic and semantic features within normal limits D. marked disruption in auditory and visual processing

Which of the following is most important in planning AAC interventions for individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)? A. Promoting social interaction B. Promoting individual awareness C. Utilizing numbers in as many contexts as possible D. Providing interventions for tactile aversion

Which of the following is not true about using norm-referenced standardized assessments for a person with complex communication needs? a. Norm-referenced assessments provide a complete and comprehensive assessment of the individual's performance b. Norm-referenced assessments sample an individual's skills and compare them to same-aged peers without disabilities c. Norm-referenced assessments are used to determine whether or not there is some level of impairment or deficit d. Norm-referenced assessments rarely provide sufficient information to guide intervention planning

Which of the following is true when comparing written and spoken language? A. Spoken language typically contains more first- and second- person pronouns (e.g., I, me, you) B. Spoken language is often more lexically diverse than written language C. Written and spoken language are incredibly similar, and are "different, but equivalent" ways of communicating D. Expectations in written communication have remained relatively the same over the years, even with the advent and growth of social media

Which of the following terms is described as, "Producing sounds (grunts, babbling, laughter, crying) directed toward a partner or object"? a) Vocalization b) Facial Orienting c) Jargon d) Physical Actions

Which of the following would NOT be used to build intentional communication? a) Present choices b) Identify potential communication signals c) Pause and wait expectantly d) Establish routines focused on motivating activities

Which selection control technique is often fatiguing as it requires repeated, frequent switch activations? a) Step Scanning b) Directed Scanning c) Automatic Scanning d) Linear Scanning

Which statement is not true about alphabet supplementation? A. Alphabet supplementation aids the speaker to retrieve and say words more quickly, therefore increasing their intelligibility and opportunity for conversation B. When using alphabet supplementation, the speaker identifies the first letter of the word via an alphabet board while saying the word C. Alphabet supplementation helps communication partners restrict their word retrieval to only words with the indicated letter D. There is evidence suggesting that alphabet supplementation may significantly increase intelligibility in individuals with TBI or dysarthria

Writing letters to Congressional leaders, educating your community on policy regarding AAC, and supporting organizations such as Team Gleason are all examples of effective advocacy efforts to improve outcomes for individuals who require AAC. These efforts work towards what type of change specifically? A. systemic change and improving funding options for AAC B. enhancing literacy instruction and patient-provider communication C. providing specific opportunities for individual children and adults D. Both B and C

_________ can assist generative AAC communicators to know when to use various AAC techniques A) a modality instruction card B) role playing C) storytelling D) augmented input

___________ barriers stem from a lack of information that minimizes opportunities for communication. A. Knowledge B. Attitude C. Policy D. Practice

_____________ is an intervention technique whereby parents and other communication partners provide frequent, highly concentrated models of target vocabulary within activities that follow the individual's lead or interest. a. Focused Stimulation b. Explicit Vocabulary Instruction c. Shared Book Reading d. Fast Mapping

Which of these is an example of AAC Aided Input? A. The clinician draws simple pictures while speaking to a person with aphasia to help illustrate what they are talking about. B. The clinician asks for the client's input when choosing vocabulary. C. The clinician uses sign to help convey their message. D. The clinician points to a child's AAC symbols that correspond with what they are saying to help convey their message.

a and d

"Factual information and general, organized knowledge and includes the capacity to recall words, concepts, and numbers": a. Episodic Memory b. Semantic Memory c. Procedural Memory d. Long-Term Memory

----- is an instructional strategy where teachers design materials and activities that provide multiple, flexible methods and options for student participation. A. Curricular accommodations B. A universal design for learning approach C. Systematic instruction D. Assistive technology

Adjusting the amount of personal assistance provided by peers or adults is an example of which educational accommodation? a) Size b) Level of support c) Difficulty d) Output

All of the following are competencies in building reading comprehension skills for those who use AAC EXCEPT: a) fluently decoding and recognizing sight words b) writing or typing what was understood from the text c) using metacognitive skills and comprehension strategies to further one's understanding of the text d) applying world knowledge and domain-specific knowledge to what one understood from the text

All of the following are components of the early phase of AAC intervention for adults EXCEPT: a) family education about the AAC options and timing of intervention b) determining AAC requirements c) monitoring communication performance d) preserving natural speech and language effectiveness as much as possible

All of the following are examples of messages you could program in an AAC to enhance timing EXCEPT: A. Please stop, that hurts! B. Hi, my name is Bob and I work at the University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics. C. I'm not quite finished-before you leave, would you help me with this? D. When will we meet again?

All of the following are potential goals or strategies for generative communicators EXCEPT: A. Initiate introduction of self and communication strategies B. Answer partner's tagged "yes/no" questions with reliable gestures or head nods C. Work with clinician to assemble components of a multimodal system and learn the operational requirements of the AAC device D. Ask questions of others by combining key words, enhanced intonation, and gesturing

All of the following are typically strengths in the early stage of dementia, EXCEPT for: a) Language comprehension, grammar, and syntax b) Word finding ability c) The ability to express needs independently and the ability to hold conversations d) The ability to answer multiple choice and yes/no questions

All of the following conditions should occur to ensure the AAC assessment is both valid and reliable, EXCEPT: a) The assessment must be meaningful for the individual's life experiences b) The sample of behavior must be sufficient to determine only the individual's challenges c) The team conducting the assessment must be skilled and knowledgeable in AAC d) The AAC team must adhere to the principle "the present is observable, the future is unknown"

An increased risk for other medical conditions, challenges with communication across the life span, delayed speech development (in part due to anatomical differences), and improving speech intelligibility with age are characteristics of which developmental disability? a) Cerebral Palsy b) Down Syndrome c) Autism Spectrum Disorder d) Childhood Apraxia of Speech

An unaided representation that uses signs as a way to express a relatively small number of concepts relevant to infants and toddlers is called: a) Gestures b) Baby Signs c) Manual Signs d) Makaton Vocabulary

Communicative competence involves the ability to effectively and efficiently convey messages depending on knowledge and skills in what four domains? a. linguistic, critical, social and technical b. linguistic, operational, social and strategic c. practical, operational, critical and sociorelational d. linguistic, technical, pragmatic and strategic

Daily AAC facilitators support individuals by doing all of the following except: a. Charging the technology b. Coordinating intervention efforts c. Programming new messages/words into their system d. Instructing unfamiliar communication partners

Factors that affect literacy learning include all of the following EXCEPT: A. Orthographic Processing B. Pragmatic Processing C. Phonological Processing D. Context Processing E. Meaning Processing

For adults with ALS, the process of selecting and personalizing appropriate AAC systems usually occurs during which time period? A. Early phase B. Middle phase C. Late phase D. Whenever they can no longer communicate verbally or with gestures

Four factors are required to successfully acquire operational skills for using AAC. All of the following are required factors, EXCEPT: a) Instruction in operational skills b) Integration into highly structured drill based activities c) Instruction to those that communicate with the user of AAC d) Using the individual's strengths, weaknesses, needs, and wants to personalize the access method that will be used

In the study Small et al. (2003), 10 communication strategies were utilized by 18 married couples in which one spouse had Alzheimer's disease. 3 strategies used were found to be effective in decreasing communication breakdowns between the couples. Which of the strategies listed below was NOT a strategy that was found to be effective in decreasing communication breakdowns between an individual with Alzheimer's disease and their spouse? a) speaking in simple sentences b) using a slower rate of speech c) eliminating distractions d) asking yes/no questions

Once symbols are taught, there are many ways to assess the individual's understanding and use of the symbols. Which of the following closely replicates communication and is a functional way to assess this? a) Visual matching format b) Requesting format c) Receptive labeling format d) Yes/no format

Prediction techniques offer numerous benefits to AAC users. Which of the following is NOT a potential benefit of prediction technology? A. Spelling support for those that can recognize words but not spell accurately B. Don't need formal instruction on how to use device as it will predict utterances C. Increase rate of communication D. Reduce the number of selections required to communicate a message

Sensory perceptual capabilities may influence all of the following except: a. Spacing b. Access Technique c. Layout d. Location

Small talk is commonly reported by AAC users to be difficult. Education in generic small talk can be very effective to help ease this difficulty. What is an example of generic small talk that can be programmed in an AAC device? A. She is a great teacher B. How is your family? C. How is your wife? D. What are you doing?

The central goals of AAC include the following except... a. to establish and maintain social roles b. to learn how to orally produce language c. to learn native language d. to meet personal needs

The process of learning to read and write: A. begins when a child begins formal schooling with emerging literacy skills B. transitions to the acquisition of basic conventional reading and writing skills, typically through the first 3 to 4 years of formal schooling C. never fully reaches culmination as it is an ever ongoing process across the lifespan D. None of the above

To answer an opinion question such as, "How much should we spend on your birthday present", which of the following would be the most efficient for a contextual choice communicator to use? a) Gesturing b) Using a rating scale c) Answering communication partner's yes/no questions with head nods d) Use referential pointing

What is the first step in developing and using a service plan? A. Inform the individual using AAC that they need a service plan B. Identify important contexts C. Review performance in current communication routine D. Use a service plan in role play and modify as needed

What is true about the middle phase of Multiple Sclerosis? A. intelligibility of connected speech is improved by 50% B. writing and letter-by-letter spelling is frequently used to resolve communication breakdowns C. intelligibility of single word is improved by 25% D. photographic support is not often used to maintain communication topics

What syndrome results from progressive destruction and subsequent regeneration of the myelin sheath of peripheral nerve axons and is characterized by flaccid dysarthria and severe weakness? A. Parkinson's Disease B. Guillain-Barre Syndrome C. Multiple Sclerosis D. Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis

What type of scanning is happening when a cursor light or an arrow moves across each item in the first row, each item in the second row, and each item in the subsequent row, until an item is selected? a. Circular Scanning b. Linear Scanning c. Group-Item Scanning d. Random Scanning

What was the key component of the 2006 United Nations conference? A) making AAC available for everyone B) recognition of the right of communication for all individuals C) making AAC covered through insurance D) reducing policy, knowledge and attitude barriers towards AAC users

When completing an AAC assessment with an aided AAC system, all of the following are types of cognitive/linguistic organizations that can be trialed except: a) schematic b) acoustic c) semantic-syntactic d) taxonomic

When individuals change their tone and behavior around someone with a disability, this is an example of what type of barrier? A. Knowledge barrier B. Attitude barrier C. Practice barrier D. Skill barrier

When selecting a modality, the AAC team needs to consider that the modes are all of the following except: a. Efficient b. Dynamic c. Effective d. Socially Appropriate

When supporting individuals who use AAC and are learning how to resolve conflict, the following strategies should be implemented except: a) State what happened b) Explain the impact using "you statements" c) Wait and listen d) Describe a concrete step(s) to resolve the problem

Which is not a principle in a universal design for learning approach: a. Use multiple methods of presentation b. Transition slowly between tasks c. Support various methods of expression or student responses d. Provide flexible options for engagement for other students

Which memory domain is often the best preserved domain in people with degenerative cognitive diseases? A. Episodic Memory B. Procedural Memory C. Semantic Memory D. All memory domains are equally affected

Which of the following best describes the role of a communication partner: a. Communication partners are only family and friends of the individual who uses AAC. They serve as a liaison with other AAC personnel. b. Communication partners are those listeners who interact with people who use AAC. Communication partners can be familiar or unfamiliar with the individual and their communication supports. c. Communication partners are always familiar with the individuals AAC and any communication supports they might need. d. Communication partners work with the individual using AAC and their family to find them the appropriate resources and AAC services.

Which of the following individuals is someone who: supports the communication of specific patients on a daily basis by ensuring that appropriate messages are represented in communication materials, the AAC materials and technology are maintained, and that unfamiliar communication partners are appropriately instructed (when necessary)? a) A patient-provider communication coordinator b) A daily communication facilitator c) A legal communication intermediary d) A volunteer

Which of the following instructional approaches is generally not used within a naturally occurring interaction? A. Milieu/Incidental Teaching B. Explicit Instruction C. AAC Modeling D. Responsive Intervention

Which of the following is NOT a commonly used curriculum adaptation for educational settings (Cole et al., 2000)? a. Time - adjust amount of time allotted for learning, task completion, or testing b. Environment - adjust location of instruction to outside of general education classroom c. Input - adjust how instruction is delivered d. Difficulty - adjust skill level, problem type, or rules about how to approach activities

Which of the following is NOT a sociorelational skill? a) participating actively in interactions b) providing information c) demonstrating interest in partners d) projecting a positive self-image

Which of the following is NOT a way to increase community support for people with complex communication needs? A. teaching staff at community businesses how to assist in communication exchanges B. educating lay-people on how to communicate with exclusively people who are deaf/hard of hearing C. monitoring standards of customer service for appropriate communication access D. ensuring that businesses have signage stating that multiple methods of communication are supported

Which of the following is NOT a way to teach how to initiate and sustain social interactions? a) Initiation and Topic-Setting Strategies b) Explicit Vocabulary Instruction c) Conversational Coaching d) Story Telling

Which of the following is NOT an advantage of visual scene displays? a) They capture the social interactions that are the contexts in which language is learned and used b) They support advanced morphosyntacic development c) They preserve the visual and functional relationships between people and objects as experienced in the real word d) They support children in expressing first words and early semantic relations

Which of the following is NOT considered a sociolinguistic skill? a) Turn taking b) Putting partners at ease in the interaction c) Maintaining topics d) Requesting clarification

Which of the following is NOT one of the principles for intervention for individuals with challenging behaviors? a. Functional equivalence b. Environmental control c. Goodness of fit d. Efficiency and response effectiveness

Which of the following is NOT one of the three essential components of AAC intervention as listed in Beukelman and Light (2020)? a) Selection and personalization of an AAC device b) Detailed documentation of vocabulary and strategies used regularly c) Providing family and communication partners information on how to ensure meaningful opportunities and the necessary supports to facilitate the AAC user's success d) Instruction given to the AAC user on necessary strategies and skills that would assist them in effectively communicating

Which of the following is a potential communication partner whose knowledge and skills may require using appropriate strategies to have a brief, successful interaction with the individual relying on AAC to meet a specific goal, such as completing a purchase? a) Health care professionals b) Community members c) Friends d) Educational/vocational personnel

Which of the following is false about providing input using speech and AAC when working with individuals considered "beginning communicators". a. Similar to young children with typical development, beginning communicators who rely on AAC benefit when their communication partners provide input using speech and AAC. b. It can be overwhelming for beginning communicators to be bombarded by frequent language input; it is best to limit AAC input to daily routines. c. Beginning communicators may need numerous exposures to symbols before they understand their meaning or are able to use them expressively. d. Anyone (e.g., parents, communication partners, SLPs) can provide AAC input.

Which of the following is not a consideration when designing visual scene displays? a. using personalized photographs b. using generic photographs c. including relevant people d. including shared activities

Which of the following is not a psychosocial factors that influences communicative competence? A. Motivation B. Hope C. Attitude D. Resilience

Which of the following is not an example of unaided AAC? a. Vocalizations b. Speech-generating Technologies c. Gestures d. Signs

Which of the following is not part of Phase 1 of intervention for individuals with a brainstem stroke? A. Establish a reliable yes/no B. Intense instruction on operational competences C. Begins when a referral is received D. Access to low-tech systems

Which of the following is the typical order for how literacy instruction of basic reading skills is carried out? a. Teach decoding skills and sight word recognition skills, then phonological awareness skills, and finally independent reading and reading comprehension skills b. Teach phonological awareness skills, then decoding skills and sight word recognition skills, and finally independent reading and reading comprehension skills c. Teach independent reading and reading comprehension skills, then decoding skills and sight word recognition skills, and finally phonological awareness skills d. None of the above

Which of the following is true regarding AAC intervention with individuals with childhood apraxia of speech (CAS)? A. Providing an AAC may hinder oral speech development B. AAC intervention is typically secondary and in conjunction with a focus on natural speech C. An AAC device may help improve the quantity of speech output but not its complexity D. Early intervention is not as critical with this population

Which of the following statements is NOT true about feedback: A. Activation feedback informs the user that an activation has occurred B. Activation feedback informs the user which specific symbol or message has been selected C. Message feedback can be useful to the communication partner as well D. Message feedback and activation feedback are available through auditory, visual, tactile, or proprioceptive modalities

Which type of cerebral palsy can be associated with either increased or decreased muscle tone, can cause problems with balance, coordination, and positioning the trunk and limbs in space? a. Spastic cerebral palsy b. Ataxic cerebral palsy c. Dyskinetic cerebral palsy d. Mixed cerebral palsy

Which vocabulary selection tool uses resources such as social media accounts, journals, blogs, etc. to determine preferred words and messages of an individual? A. Blank Sheet B. Autobiographical Materials C. Environmental or Ecological Inventories D. Vocabulary Checklists

While there is significant variability regarding the AAC needs of individuals with developmental disabilities, what is beneficial for all individuals in this population? A. Providing visual scene displays B. Implementing AAC as early as possible C. Using topic supplementation D. Focusing on the communication of wants and needs

___________ is a collaborative process that involves the application on AAC expertise to match AAC options that offer the required features to meet the individuals needs. A. Summarizing assessment results B. Feature matching C. Trialing AAC devices D. Personalizing AAC

___________ supplementation is a strategy that requires the speaker to identify the first letter of each word on an alphabet board (or other type of AAC display), while saying the word. a. Topic b. Alphabet c. Contextual d. None of the above

A piece of spandex material used as an association to represent a bathing suit is an example of what type of representation? A. Associated object B. Partial object C. Textured symbol D. Tangible symbol

AAC intervention specialists differ from AAC experts in all of the following ways except: a) AAC intervention specialists focus on providing intervention services to children and adults with complex communication needs; whereas, AAC experts focus on providing instruction to AAC finders or those providing AAC intervention. b) AAC experts are the individuals who are called to provide testimony for legal or policy proceedings as opposed to AAC intervention specialists. c) AAC intervention specialists prepare preprofessional students as compared to AAC experts. d)AAC experts conduct AAC research and prepare related policies as compared to AAC intervention specialists.

AAC interventions are typically divided into three phases for adults with ALS. Which of the following is an example of how the AAC team supports an individual with ALS in the late phase? a. Providing education about AAC options b. Personalizing AAC to optimize system use c. Helping with the changing capabilities of the individual who relies on AAC d. Making efforts to preserve natural speech and language effectiveness

According to Light (1988), the independence of the communicator is an important factor for success for which of the following social purposes of an interaction? a. Expression of needs/wants, information transfer, social closeness, and social etiquette b. Expression of needs/wants, information transfer, and social closeness c. Expression of needs/wants, information transfer, and social etiquette d. Information transfer, social closeness, and social etiquette

According to parents, ease of use is the factor that influences them the most when selecting AAC technologies for their child (Meder & Wegner, 2015). A device being easy to use substantially reduces the presence of a ___________ barrier. A. Practice B. Policy C. Knowledge D. Attitude

According to studies that have explored the effects of various aided AAC modeling techniques to support the expression of multisymbol messages, which of the following was a noted consistent benefit regardless the technique used? a. rich vocabulary b. improved literacy skills c. increased length of messages (especially from one-symbol to two- or three- symbol messages) d. faster navigation of AAC

According to the text, which of the following is not a use of visual schedules with beginning communicators? A. communicating main activities in a person's daily life B. communicating specific steps within an activity C. communicate consequences for specific behaviors D. aid with transitions between activities

All of the following are selection control techniques for individuals using auditory or electronic visual scanning except: a) Directed Scanning b) Automatic Scanning c) Activation Scanning d) Step Scanning

All of the following are sets of line drawings except: a) SymbolStix b) Picture Communication Symbols c) Pictosymbols d) Imagine Symbols

All of the following are true for AAC intervention in the late stage of dementia EXCEPT: A. The communication partner is assuming a very large part in interactions B. The person with dementia may still use materials from the early and middle stages C. The person with dementia is involved in designing memory tools to support communication D. The person with dementia needs limited choices, such as key words, to communicate wants and needs

Direct selection and scanning are the two main approaches for selecting items from an aided AAC display. In general, direct selection is preferred over scanning for all of the following reasons except being: A. More socially acceptable B. More efficient C. Less tiring D. Easier to learn

How many individuals worldwide have complex communication needs, meaning they have limited or no access to conventional channels of communication? a. 10 million b. 64 million c. 97 million d. 200 million

In what year did the UN ratify an international convention to uphold the dignity and rights of persons with disabilities? A. 2009 B. 2018 C. 2006 D. 1998

Many adults with acquired disabilities use this interaction to place fewer demands on partners to scaffold the interaction. a) One-on-one interaction b) Group interaction c) Digital communication platforms d) Phone calls

Providing instruction in the operational skills required to use the AAC system is included in which step of the selecting and personalizing process? a) Personalizing AAC b) Determining AAC assessment results c) Trialing potential AAC systems d) Determining AAC system requirements

Select which stage of communication the following key goals for intervention are best for: Asking simple questions, making comments about ongoing activities, developing diverse vocabulary, and initiating requests for objects and activities. a) Beginning communicators who are preintentional b) Beginning communicators who are intentional but presymbolic c) Beginning communicators who are developing early symbolic communication d) Beginning communicators who are learning to combine symbols

Storytelling is especially important for older adults as they shift to communicating with friends more than family, however, _________ stories are more commonly told by younger children. A. First-person B. Second-person C. Fantasy D. Official

The following is the definition of which term: "...an individualized document that contains relevant medical history (e.g., age, current medications, past medical procedures). This information...can be used to respond to common intake questions, and thereby ensure that the health care history is communicated accurately and that the interview time can focus on current health concerns." (Blackstone and Pressman, 2016; Beukelman & Light, 2020). a) health inventory b) medical background form c) health passport d) medical passport

The three variants 1) non-fluent/agrammatic, 2) semantic, and 3) logopenic are characteristic of which type of dementia? a. Lewy Body Dementia b. Frontotemporal Dementia c. Primary Progressive Aphasia d. Huntington's Disease

The ultimate goal of AAC intervention is... a. to solve the presenting problem/communication deficit b. to find a device that is beneficial for the client c. to enable users to efficiently and effectively engage in a variety of activities and interactions d. to empower users to use their device as frequently as possible

This professional identifies persons with complex communication needs, is aware of AAC services and resources, and can make referrals for individuals and their families to appropriate AAC service providers. a) Daily AAC Facilitator b) AAC Intervention Specialist c) AAC Finder d) AAC Expert

Using appropriate intonation to communicate affect and intent would fall under which capability/skill area in an assessment summary: a) Expressive communication b) Receptive language skills c) Natural speech d) Motor

What approach is described as "the employment team first determines an individual's skills and interests, and then identifies a portion of duties in an existing job that is a good match for those capabilities"? A. individualized employment B. job specialization C. job carving D. skills assessment

What is not true about schematic grid displays? A. communication partners can easily develop new displays for new activities B. symbols are arranged according to the schema of a person's day C. it is easy for individuals to develop automaticity because words will only show up on one display D. this approach supports learning to combine vocabulary concepts to communicate more complex messages

What is the most common type of cerebral palsy that is characterized by hypertonia (e.g. increased muscle tone) resulting in muscle stiffness/tightness? A. Dyskinetic cerebral palsy B. Ataxic cerebral palsy C. Spastic cerebral palsy D. Mixed cerebral palsy

What is the most common type of dysarthria among those with ALS? A. Flaccid B. Ataxic C. Mixed Flaccid-Spastic D. Hypokinetic

Which direct selection activation strategy is similar to texting in that the item/letter is only activated when the finger is lifted from the screen? A. Filtered Activation B. Timed Activation C. Release Activation D. Averaged Activation

Which is not a step in the process of selecting and personalizing an AAC system? A. Trialing potential systems B. Matching features C. Communication partner training for all family members and friends D. Identifying AAC system requirements based on needs and capabilities

Which memory domain refers to the type of memory that is used to complete common routines (e.g. driving)? A) Semantic Memory B) Episodic Memory C) Procedural Memory D) Narrative Memory

Which of the following best define the stage of emergent literacy? A. Early years of written language development. B. Time prior to learning conventional spelling. C. Developing language skills and creating a connection between written and spoken language. D. Creating a link between the sounds and words to form orthographic representations

Which of the following groups do not benefit from AAC interventions? a. Individuals that require supports for their communication partner's comprehension b. Individuals with temporary conditions that impede speech and/or writing abilities c. Individuals with severe glossophobia d. Infants and toddlers at risk for speech development e. None of the above

Which of the following is NOT a communication partner role for stored-message, generative, and specific-need communicators? a. Select and confirm topics to be stored in notebooks and AAC devices b. Assist in learning, maintaining, and updating AAC devices and everyday technology tools c. Practice accessing vocabulary with individuals with aphasia by engaging in role play d. Co-construct messages with individuals with aphasia who access letters, words, or symbols in partial messages

Which of the following is NOT a natural communication signal? A. Closing the eyes to signal being tired B. Licking the lips when thirsty C. Moving the eyes up for yes and down for no D. Stroking an arm when needing lotion

Which of the following is NOT a typical part of the three-phase intervention model? A. An early phase of monitoring and supporting existing communication capabilities B. A middle phase of evaluating, recommending, and introducing an AAC intervention C. A late phase of testing out several different AAC interventions for investigative purposes D. None of the above

Which of the following is NOT an instructional format used with communication partners: A. Online Instruction B. Face-to-Face Instruction C. Video Response Instruction D. Just-in-Time Instruction

Which of the following is NOT true about assistive technologies? a. They provide access to literacy instruction. b. They provide supports to compensate for reading and writing difficulties. c. They reduce demands in all skill areas equally. d. They can be customized to address individual needs and goals.

Which of the following is a part of Giles & colleagues' communication accommodation theory? A. People change the position of their body to make eye contact with their communication partner. B. The adjustments communication partners make have no impact. C. People change their behavior to support their conversation partner. D. Hospitable communication must include longer wait times between conversation partners.

Which of the following is an example of a knowledge barrier? a. negative attitude towards the use of AAC b. hospital policy regarding the type of equipment patients can have access to c. lack of information about AAC intervention, technology, and strategies by the user or communication partner d. restriction of a school-funded device to only school hours

Which of the following is an example of information transfer? a. A child ordering chocolate ice cream at a restaurant. b. A child saying thank you to the waiter at a restaurant. c. A child telling her teacher about her weekend. d. A child saying hello to her classmates in the hallway.

Which of the following is not a key goal of intervention during the stage of communication in which beginning communicators are developing early symbolic communication? A. Develop a robust vocabulary to express a wide range of concepts B. Initiate requests for objects and activities C. Combine symbols to communicate D. Make simple comments about ongoing activities

Which of the following is not a practice or knowledge barrier to effective communication with those that are medically/communicatively impaired in a medical setting? A. Medical providers that do not refer patients for AAC services B. Personnel that prefer not to be burdened with additional work C. Patients that prefer not to use aided communication D. SLP's who are less familiar with AAC interventions

Which of the following is not a strategy for assessing a client's symbol representation? A. Yes/No B. Visual matching C. Single word reading D. Functional requesting

Which of the following is not an evidence-based treatment approach to organization for individuals with mild cognitive impairment? A. Visual cues to increase use of designated locations B. Environmental modifications C. Electronic memory aids D. Vanishing cues to increase use of designated locations

Which of the following is not an example of a representational gesture? A. Wrapping hand into a "C" shape and bringing it to the lips (for "drink" or "thirsty") B. Folding arms and rocking (for "baby") C. Pointing to a desired item D. Making hands into "O"s and holding them up to the eyes (for "look")

Which of the following is the last step of developing and using service plans? A. Identify important contexts. B.Develop detailed service plans. C. Use service plans in daily interactions; modify as needed D. Observe their current communication routine.

Which of the following is true of early stage assessment and intervention for individuals with TBI? A. Formal assessments can be very helpful and should be promoted to describe deficits B. Assessment should be attempted repeatedly to establish stable baselines C. It is important to identify changes in response pattern and possible functional movements to be utilized for a future AAC method D. Family member involvement and training are less important due to limited patient speech output

Which of the following is true of personalized vocabulary? A. the vocabulary that is used every day to carry meaning B. consists of a large number of content words C. words and messages that are specific to the individual D. necessary type of vocabulary to support syntactic development

Which of the following procedures is NOT a way SLPs evaluate communication needs for individual's with severe aphasia's needs in real-life contexts? A) Needs Assessment Interview B) Social Networks C) Standardized Tests D) Peer Participation Patterns

Which of the following statements is NOT true about medical referrals for scope of treatment? a. They identify the type of patient-provider communication support needed (e.g., AAC). b. They must be reviewed annually. c. They are often not made until communication breakdowns occur. d. They are increasingly used for people who rely on AAC that live far away from family, on a college campus, in an independent living situation, etc.

Which of the following statements is true regarding Guillain-Barré Syndrome? a. It is often associated with spastic dysarthria. b. Many individuals will recover, but more often than not, they will need ongoing natural speech intervention and AAC support. c. Little time usually passes between diagnosis and onset of severe speech impairment. d. Spontaneous recovery occurs during the late phase.

Which of the following would not be an appropriate partner strategy when communicating with an emerging communicator? A. Develop contextualized routines in which the individual can practice turn-taking, making choices, etc. B. Include a humorous, non-preferred choice in choice making routines C. Encourage elaboration of utterances (e.g., "tell me more") D. Point to important elements of a picture or within the personal space

Which of these is not typically a focus of intervention targeting peer interactions for those with AAC? A. Teaching social skills to children who use AAC B. Teaching peers to support interactions with children who require AAC C. Teaching parents of children with AAC how to facilitate and lead interactions for their children D. Arranging the environment to support peer interactions

Which scanning pattern is often introduced to children or beginning AAC communicators due to its relatively easy cognitive demands? A. Circular scanning B. Linear scanning C. Group-item scanning D. Directed scanning

Which strategy/scenario would fall under "Incomplete Presentation"? A. When playing Yahtzee with the client, the dice are missing (requiring the client to ask for them) B. While playing Yahtzee, the client asks for the dice. Instead of handing them the dice, you hand them your pen C. While playing Yahtzee, the client asks for the dice. You hand them only one of the die. D. While playing Yahtzee, it is the client's turn to roll the dice. The dice are out of reach of the client. You look at the dice, look back at the client, and raise your eyebrows.

___________ is when the instructor shows a picture and the individual chooses the written word from an array of written words? A. Spoken Word-text choices B.Text-spoken choices C. Picture-text choices D. Picture-spelling choices

AAC services are not always available but even when they are some professionals may still withhold them due to what reasons? a) Lack of knowledge about AAC intervention b) Belief that patient is too young or old c) Patient's family refuses technology usage for religious reasons d) Both A & B

AAC teams could include which of the following individuals: a. communication partners b. AAC experts c. AAC intervention specialists d. all of the above

According Oommen and McCarthy (2015) which of the following are thought to be important benefits of integration of AAC when treating children diagnosed with childhood apraxia of speech? a. AAC complements natural speech skills b. provides children with access to language and prevention of further language delays c. reduction of stress and negative behaviors d. all of the above

According to the text, which of the following is not true: a. Gestures do not require equipment b. Gestures are relatively quick and easy to produce c. Gestures are typically understood by a wide range of communication partner d. There is an unlimited range of messages that can be expressed via gestures

All of the following are areas of impairment that result in communication disorders associated with TBI EXCEPT: a) damage that occurs to specific language processing areas of the brain b) diffuse damage resulting in a cognitive impairment c) damage to the motor control networks and pathways of the brain d) damage due to demyelinating axons of neurons

All of the following are relational practices for family-centered services EXCEPT: A. demonstrating compassion B. active listening C. holding positive beliefs about family strengths and capabilities D. actively involving family members in decision making

All of the following are true of digitized speech EXCEPT: A. It is often used with those with ALS. B. It primarily uses natural speech that is recorded, stored, and reproduced. C. It can help reduce burden for the communication partner. D. It can be used to convert text to speech.

An individual's communicative competence may vary across contexts depending on: a) Communication partners b) Environments c) Communication goals d) All of the above

As defined by the textbook, which strategy is being described in the following definition: "If the individual asks a question or makes a comment, respond by answering the question or expanding on the individual's comment by adding more information" a) Use recast b) Use time delay c) Introduce new vocabulary as required d) Respond to communicative attempts

As stated in the text, the cognitive and linguistic profile of an individual may impact which of the following personalization considerations: a. Type of representation (e.g., line drawings, photographs, orthography, etc.) b. Layout (e.g., visual scene display, grid display, etc.) c. Organization (e.g., alphabetical, semantic-syntactic, schematic, etc.) d. All of the above

Because they are decontextualized, grid displays may not be appropriate for: A. Early language learners (e.g. around 0-5 years) B. Clients with acquired conditions (e.g. aphasia, etc.) C. School-age children with complex communication needs D. A & B

Communication in medical settings may be impacted by complex medical situations. What pre-existing communication conditions can cause speech and language differences? A. Acquired medical conditions (e.g., ALS, Parkinson's) B. Developmental conditions (e.g., cerebral palsy, ASD) C. Progressive hearing loss D. All of the above

Current interventions for people with TBI use an approach that: a) Provides patient-provider communication assistance so those with TBI can communicate as accurately as possible in their medical care and rehabilitation programs b) Provides AAC support throughout the various transitions that they and their families face related to personal care, medical care, residential living, and community participation c) The AAC support provided depends on their cognitive and physical capabilities, as well as their life choices d) All of the above

Describing the recipe for your favorite chocolate chip cookies to someone else is an example of: a) small talk b) narratives, storytelling, and public speaking c) content-specific conversations d) procedural descriptions

Direct instruction is typically used initially to teach key literacy skills in a most-to-least prompting hierarchy. Which of the following is a direct instruction procedure for these basic literacy skills? A. Guided Practice B. Feedback C. Model D. All of the above

During an AAC assessment it is important to interview the individual, family, and key communication partners. Which of the following is TRUE about conducting interviews? a. It is important to identify the individual's current unmet needs. b. It is important to take into consideration the person's capabilities, strengths, and gifts. c. It is important to weigh the family's preferences over the individual's since they will be the primary communication partners. d. a & b only

Example(s) of central goals of AAC are to provide individuals with the opportunity and capability to... a. Meet their personal needs b. Learn their native language c. Establish and maintain their social roles d. All of the above

For an individual with a visual impairment, which of the following should be considered? a) Array of the symbols b) Distance between the individual and the display c) Size of the symbols d) All of the above

Learning syntax and morphology is challenging for AAC users due to: A. The overemphasis of nouns on AAC devices B. Potential reliance on multiple communication modalities C. Few models demonstrating competency in these language areas via AAC D. All of the above

Longer, complete, preprogrammed messages are advantages for all of the following reasons EXCEPT: a) Commenting on an ongoing event b) Communicating frequently used messages c) Communicating in emergency situations d) Communicating with a family member who is familiar with AAC

Performance measures for an AAC trial may include all of the following EXCEPT: A. Fatigue/Workload during communicative interactions B. Effectiveness of communication C. Level of participation D. Accuracy of picture matching

Providing effective, evidence-based AAC intervention requires: a) significant knowledge and skills on the part of the AAC team b) the individual with complex communication needs and their family c) professionals from a wide range of disciplines d) all of the above

Recent-onset communication conditions may result from a variety of different medical conditions including... a. motor speech impairment resulting from myasthenia gravis b. loss of respiratory support for speech due to high-level spinal cord injury c. language disorders (aphasia) d. all of the above

Siblings and extended family fall in which part of the "family and ecological systems that impact children who rely on AAC" model? a. Macrosystem b. Exosystem c. Mesosystem d. Microsystem

Some patients experience communication differences that results from medical interventions including... a) Surgery to remove cancerous tumors in areas of the brain that control cognitive, language, or motor function b) Surgery to treat laryngeal, oral, or respiratory cancer c) Intubation or tracheostomy to support respiratory function d) All of the above

The linguistic domain of communicative competency includes: A. knowing when and how to code switch B. receptive and expressive language skills C. participating in conversations D. A and B only

There are a several different ways to determine the priorities of individuals with complex communication needs. These include which of the following? A. Talking mats B. Rating scales C. Forced choices D. All of the above

This is described as, "a series of orders that designate the patient journey for a special medical condition in a particular medical setting." a. Referral b. Scope of Treatment c. Standing Order d. Care Map

What barriers do people who use AAC face? a) Policy barriers b) Attitude barriers c) Knowledge barriers d) All of the above

What components of communication can be interrupted due to aphasia? A. Language comprehension B. Language formulation C. Word retrieval D. All of the above

What is NOT an effective strategy for encouraging intentional communication? A. Incorporating communication into daily routines B. Using expectant delays C. Providing context dependent communication opportunities D. Ignoring the individual's signals

What is not one of the key ideas to consider when working with individuals with Down Syndrome? A. providing early intervention B. setting appropriate expectations C. providing AAC supports to meet changing needs throughout the lifespan D. ensuring access

What professionals are a part of the the patient-provider communication effort for a medical facility? A) patient-provider communication coordinators B) daily communication facilitators C) legal communication intermediary D) all of the above

What should be considered in preparing for successful employment and volunteer activities for AAC users with cognitive or physical challenges? A. developing knowledge and skills that are valued in the community B. identifying jobs that are a good match for the skills and interests of the individual C. ensuring that needed supports are available to maintain success D. All of the above

What strategies can be used for the recall of functional information for daily interactions for clients with mild cognitive impairments? A) visual/graphic cueing system B) environmental modifications C) spaced-retrieval training and errorless learning D) A & C

When does the text recommend beginning exploration of AAC options for individuals with ALS? A. When they speak at 125 words per minute B. 1 month post-diagnosis C. When intelligibility is inconsistent in less than ideal listening situations D. A & C

Which acquired disability is described as "a cluster of motor symptoms that include tremor at rest, rigidity, paucity, and impaired postural reflexes"? a. Locked-In Syndrome b. ALS c. Multiple Sclerosis d. Parkinson's Disease

Which answer is not a primary reason for measuring outcomes for adults who have acquired disabilities? A. To identify the communication needs that have not been met B. To document overall, general AAC efforts C. To document the effectiveness of the AAC supports D. To determine whether the individual truly needs AAC

Which condition results from either a basilar artery stroke, trauma, or a tumor which caused damage to the upper pons and/or midbrain? a) Parkinson's Disease b) Guillain-Barre Syndrome c) Locked-In Syndrome d) Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis

Which domain is not impacted by receptive and expressive difficulties for children with ASD: a. Gestures b. Pragmatics c. Symbolic Play d. All of the above are are extensions of receptive and expressive difficulties

Which instructional approach is typically used with young children in naturally occurring interactions and incorporates AAC modeling? A. Milieu or Incidental Teaching B. Explicit Instruction C. Strategy Instruction D. Responsive Social Pragmatic Intervention

Which is an example of direct selection? a. Physical Pressure b. Pointing c. Speech Recognition d. all are examples of direct selection

Which is not a factor that contributes to the difficulty of language acquisition through AAC? A. Many AAC systems are not true language systems B. People who use AAC often have limited models of AAC use C. There is a disconnect between language input and output for AAC users (input: hearing spoken language; output: multimodal expression) D. AAC use hinders a person's ability to use and understand spoken language

Which level of Rancho's Levels of Cognitive Functioning is associated with the patient reacting specifically, but inconsistently, to stimuli. A. Level II: Generalized Response B: Level V: Confused, Inappropriate, Nonagitated C. Level VII: Automatic-Appropriate D. Level III: Localized Response

Which of the follow were listed as advantages of synthesized speech? a. may reduce the communication partner's burden b. provides information in a mode that is familiar and nonthreatening to communication partners c. allows the person using AAC to send messages without first obtaining their partner's attention d. all of the above

Which of the following are characteristics of "Just-in-Time" instruction for communication partners? a. Used to teach specialized procedures that may only be required in low-frequency situations b. Video models of procedures are/can be provided c. Research has shown that JIT training is more effective with there is an interactive portion to practice/implement strategies d. All of the above

Which of the following are considerations and key components in providing "person-centered" intervention for people with dementia: a. In order for an individual to sustain mental health, a specific set of physiological needs should be addressed (e.g., comfort, identity, inclusion, occupation, and attachment). b. Enhance residual strengths and deficits that occur with each stage of dementia rather than remediating communication deficits. c. Focus on the person as well as their caregivers. d. all of the above

Which of the following are considered "conventional channels of communication"? a. speech b. writing c. typing d. all of the above

Which of the following are demands that all AAC systems impose on the user? a. cognitive and linguistic b. motor c. visual perceptual d. all of the above

Which of the following are examples of personalization of an AAC system? A. mounting a device on the client's wheelchair B. adding vocabulary specific to the religion of the user C. choosing eye gaze for mouse control D. All of the above

Which of the following are factors that factors that should be considered when determining appropriate AAC symbols? a. neurological status b. cultural linguistic background c. pictorial competence d. all of the above

Which of the following are factors that should be considered when conducting AAC intervention for people with acquired physical impairments? a. medical monitoring (communication with medical personnel) b. mobility and object manipulation c. digital communication options (e.g., email, internet, etc.) d. all of the above

Which of the following are key communication skills that individuals with complex communication needs can use to support more successful patient-provider communication? a) making use of appropriate communication strategies (e.g. pre-prepared messages) b) making use of appropriate vocabulary and language to communicate concerns and needs c) introducing oneself and one's communication system d) all of the above

Which of the following are medical settings that people who are communication vulnerable may require additional communication support in? A. In an outpatient setting B. In an ICU (intensive care unit) C. In hospice D. All of the above

Which of the following are the possible functions of AAC for those with severe aphasia and/or severe apraxia of speech: a) Enhancing the comprehension of individuals with auditory comprehension deficits b) Providing a means of expressing preferences, needs, or basic personal information c) Offering a specific technique to enable some individuals to participate, with more independence, in important life activities d) All of the above

Which of the following are true about family members of individuals with complex communication needs in medical situations? a. They may be actively involved in communication support. b. They can be involved during outpatient medical visits or when the patient is hospitalized. c. They can be involved in financial, legal, and end-of-life decision-making. d. all of the above

Which of the following best describes the main area of impairment in communication disorders associated with TBI? a. Language processing areas in the brain b. Cognitive level c. Motor control pathways at the time of injury d. All of the above

Which of the following capabilities must be considered when determining the orientation of an AAC display? A. Visual capabilities B. Postural capabilities C. Motor capabilities D. All of the above

Which of the following communication systems can help an individual with dementia communicate preferences? a) Memory Book b) VoiceMyChoice c) Talking Mat d) Both b and c

Which of the following does storybook reading help with? A. Building language skills B. Forming connections between written and spoken communication C. Learning the conventions of print D. All of the above

Which of the following factors can influence the types of vocabulary and messages used by communicators? a. age and environment b. social roles and cultural background c. medical conditions and personality d. all of the above

Which of the following factors should be considered when implementing AAC intervention with an individual who has multiple sclerosis? a) Visual impairments are common b) Interventions usually occur in conjunction with other efforts to compensate for the multiple impairments they may experience c) Symptom patterns vary significantly among individuals d) All of the above

Which of the following factors should be considered when making decisions about the size of a visual AAC display? A. Mounting and portability B. The individual's memory capability C. The individual's motor capabilities D. A and C only

Which of the following gives the correct description of characteristics intended for expressing needs and wants in a communicative interaction? a. Low predictability, high importance of rate, lengthy duration, wide scope b. Low predictability, low importance of content, limited duration, limited scope c. High predictability, high importance of rate, limited duration, wide scope d. High predictability, high importance of content, limited duration, limited scope

Which of the following goals are in the linguistic domain? A. Client XX will respond appropriately to complex questions given visual prompts with 80% accuracy. B. Client XX will use tense markers with 80% accuracy across 2 out of 3 consecutive questions given visual prompts. C. Client XX will use the alphabet page to communicate in 4 out of 5 communication breakdowns across 2 sessions given minimal prompting. D. A and B

Which of the following group of individuals may benefit from AAC? a) Individuals with developmental disabilities b) Individuals with acquired conditions c) Individuals with temporary conditions d) All of the above

Which of the following indicators of intentional communication is defined as, "Producing movements of the upper or lower extremities (e.g., reaching for, pushing away) directed toward a partner or object."? a. Eye gaze b. Facial or head orienting c. Body posturing d. Physical actions

Which of the following instructional approaches is NOT typically used with beginning communicators? A. Responsive social pragmatic intervention B. Milieu/ Incidental teaching C. Explicit instruction D. Strategy instruction

Which of the following instructional prompts are correctly paired with their respective description? a. Model: Demonstrate the target strategy or skill b. Physical guidance: Point or gesture toward the individual and/or the AAC system to mark the opportunity to use the strategy or skill c. Time delay: Provide extended wait time to ensure time to use the skill d. a. and c. only

Which of the following is NOT likely a potential purpose of AAC for an individual with childhood apraxia of speech? a) Repairing communication breakdowns when the individual relies primarily on natural speech b) Practice speech production c) Alphabet or topic supplementation d) Addressing challenging behavior

Which of the following is NOT listed as an intrinsic factor that impacts an individual's motivation for learning literacy: a. lack of experience and world knowledge that restricts understanding of texts b. visual impairments that limit their perception of printed text c. cognitive impairment that impact working memory and other processing skills d. interaction with literate partners

Which of the following is a benefit of providing opportunities to apply newly acquired key skills during authentic literacy experiences: a) Provides additional opportunities to practice new skills, promoting acquisition and increasing fluency b) Promotes generalization of skills to new materials and contexts c) Increases motivation by demonstrating that reading and writing are meaningful and fun d) All of the above are benefits

Which of the following is a reason literacy skills are important for AAC users? A. AAC systems require users to code spoken language into written form B. Literacy skills provide more generative capacity than AAC systems C. Literacy skills aid in vocabulary access because AAC users can spell words not on their device D. All of the above

Which of the following is a way to support individuals with complex communication needs? a. Obtaining knowledge and skills regarding the use of AAC b. Starting conversations about the positive impacts of AAC c. Recognizing and advocating for the right of communication for all individuals d. All of the above

Which of the following is an AAC stakeholder? a. PT b. SLP c. Educators d. All of the above

Which of the following is an advantage of E-books and digital texts for individuals with complex communication needs? a) definitions and explanations can be provided for new concepts b) text can be easily modified to accommodate visual impairments c) built-in electronic coaching that prompts individuals to use reading comprehension strategies d) All of the above

Which of the following is an effective advocacy effort in our field? a) efforts to effect systemic change b) the hard work of AAC teams c) efforts to enhance literacy instruction d) all of the above

Which of the following is an evidence-based intervention to support the functional task of schedule management for individuals with dementia? a. Creation of a memory book b. Environmental modifications to increase organization c. Drawing and gesturing to augment input d. Spaced retrieval training to reference visual/graphic cueing systems

Which of the following is an example of the educational accommodation: level of support? a. Seamus types using eye tracking and an onscreen keyboard to write. To accommodate his slow rate of text entry, his math test consists of 5 problems rather than 10. b. Mr. Hashman uses an interactive whiteboard to write key words and draw simple pictures during a whole-class discussion of Tom Sawyer. c. In Foods class, Terry cuts out magazine pictures of the four food groups and places them in a concept map to show what he has learned. d. During the Romeo and Juliet unit, a paraprofessional programs the lines spoken by the apothecary into Mitchell's AAC device and helps him practice activating them on cue.

Which of the following is an example of the use of a tangible symbol? A. Pointing to toilet paper in the store representing you need to buy more B. Clorox wipes representing cleaning the house C. Fuzzy fabric representing a blanket D. All of the above

Which of the following is another capability you should assess with a client with aphasia? A. motor abilities, specifically of the left side B. operational skills C. hearing and vision abilities D. all of the above

Which of the following is most important when working with individuals with Individual and Developmental Disability? A. Increasing intelligibility B. Modifying AAC to compensate for motor impairments C. Establishing clear social expectations D. Eliminating opportunity barriers

Which of the following is not a benefit of face-to-face instruction? A. it is highly personalized B. it is paced according to the partners needs C. it provides immediate and specific feedback D. it is highly accessible at any time

Which of the following is not a possible misdiagnosis for Lewy Body Dementia in its early stages? A. Alzheimer's disease B. Parkinson's disease C. Schizophrenia D. Bipolar Disorder

Which of the following is not an example of aided AAC? A. Boogie Board Drawing Pad B. iPad with a communication app C. Letter Board D. Manual hand signs

Which of the following is not an example of potential intentional communication? A. A baby looking at its parent B. A child grunting at their friend C. An adult turning towards their spouse D. None of the above (all could be intentional)

Which of the following is true about theory of mind? a. It is critical to developing sociorelational skills. b. It is the belief that different people have different experiences, perspectives, and beliefs. c. It is the belief that AAC users may lack adequate social experiences. d. A and B

Which of the following is true regarding the idea of "pursuit of ambitious goals"? a. It is only important to have ambitious goals for adults. b. It is the belief that the individual with complex communication needs has the right to pursue ambitious goals. c. Successful intervention requires AAC team members to possess and have high expectations for positive outcomes for people with disabilities. d. both b. and c.

Which of the following memory domains is typically the first affected in dementia? A. Procedural memory B. Rote memory C. Semantic memory D. Episodic memory

Which of the following provides greater access to communication for AAC users? A. Creating a multimodal AAC system B. Considering the current and future needs of the user C. Personalizing their device D. All of the above

Which of the following questions might you ask when assessing AAC tools for people with aphasia who is using a partner-supported technique? a. Does this person benefit from augmented input and written-choice conversation supports? b. Can this person learn to use tangible supports (e.g., pictures or objects) in conversational routines? c. What strategies can the person with aphasia learn to use? Or what strategies do they currently use? d. All of the above

Which of the following should be included in an assessment summary: A. the client's capabilities B. environmental constraints C. unmet communication needs D. All of the above

Which of the following symptoms are characteristic of a person with Parkinson's speech and voice? a. reduced pitch variability b. reduced overall loudness c. decreased use of all vocal parameters for achieving stress and emphasis d. all of the above

Which of the following tasks may be included in a preliminary screening? A. Natural Communication Signals B. Yes/No Signals C. Comprehension and Attention Strategies D. All of The Above

Which of the following tools or resources for vocabulary selection would provide the least salient concepts personalized to an individual relying on AAC (although are still very useful)? A. Blank sheet/categorical framework B. Autobiographical materials C. Environmental or ecological inventories D. Vocabulary checklists

Which statement is true regarding the selection set of an AAC system? a) Typically, the size of selection set increases with the number of messages required because there is a one-to-one correspondence. b) Fixed displays are usually used in low-tech communication boards. c) Most of the physical characteristics are determined largely by the visual, cognitive, and motor control capabilities of the individual. d) All of the above

Who may need access to AAC due to having complex communication needs? A. People of all ages B. People of all races and ethnicities C. People of all socioeconomic statuses D. All of the above

Why are comprehension and attention strategies important to identify and use in medical settings? A. Medical settings are often unfamiliar to people B. Medical settings are typically very noisy with alarms and other technology C. Medical settings are usually busy with many staff members D. All of the above

Why is advocacy for those who use AAC important? A. Allows those individuals to communicate needs and wants B. Helps in their development of social relationships C. Allows them to participate in society (e.g. education, healthcare, employment, family, etc.) D. All of the above

Identify the different forms that information sharing can take during a communicative interaction: A. Telling a story B. Explaining how to do something C. Creating a three-way phone call D. Engaging in a conversation on a specific topic E. A, B, & D F. All of the above

For which of the following domains is dynamic assessment often used to measure capabilities of individuals with complex communication needs? a. expressive communication b. symbol representation c. motor skills d. natural speech e. both a and b f. both b and c

Which individual would NOT be an appropriate candidate for AAC? A. An adult with ALS experiencing a decline in their ability to communicate effectively B. A nonverbal child with ASD C. An infant/toddler at risk for poor speech development D. An individual who has recently been intubated following surgery E. All of the above F. None of the above (all are appropriate)

All of the following are elements included in signal dictionaries except A. a description of the signal B. the selection of the signal C. the meaning of the signal D. the response required from the communication partner

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