A&P 1, The Integumentary System

visceral membrane layer

The visceral layer of the membrane covers the organs (the viscera).

serous membrane (heart)

pericardium

cutaneous membrane (skin) slide

primary organ of the integumentary system

mucous membrane (duodenum - epithelial area)

A mucous membrane or mucosa is a membrane that lines various cavities in the body and covers the surface of internal organs. It consists of one or more layers of epithelial cells overlying a layer of loose connective tissue.

Adipose tissue

Adipose tissue acts as an insulating layer, helping to reduce heat loss through the skin. It also has a protective function, providing mechanical protection ("padding") and support around some of the major organs, e.g. kidneys. Adipose tissue is also a means of energy storage.

Arrector pili muscle

An involuntary muscle fiber attached to the underside & base of the hair follicle. Contracts, pulling on the follicle and forcing the hair to stand erect 1. Emotional states; fear or rage 2. Response to cold; goosebumps

Stratum lucidum (clear layer)

Appears as a clear translucent band just above the stratum granulosum. 2 to 3 rows of flat, dead keratinocytes.

What is the main tissue found in the dermis?

Connective tissue papillary layer is made of loose, areolar connective tissue, Underlying the papillary layer is the much thicker reticular layer, composed of dense, irregular connective tissue.

The "General Layers" of the Integumentary system

Epidermis Dermis Hypodermis

Pleural Membrane/Pleura

Pleural membrane. A thin layer of tissue that lines the pleural cavity, the space that surrounds the lungs and lies underneath the chest wall.

What is the main tissue found in the epidermis?

Stratified Squamous Epithelial Tissue

Dermis

The dermis, the skin's next layer, is a thick layer of fibrous and elastic tissue (made mostly of collagen, with a small but important component of elastin) that gives the skin its flexibility and strength. The dermis contains nerve endings, sweat glands and oil (sebaceous) glands, hair follicles, and blood vessels.

What's the main tissue found in the hypodermis?

The hypodermis consists of well-vascularized, loose, areolar connective tissue and adipose tissue

parietal membrane layer

The parietal layers of the membranes line the walls of the body cavity (pariet- refers to a cavity wall)

Hair root

The part of the hair contained within the follicle, below the surface of the scalp; Senses hair movement and pain

Hair Shaft

The portion of hair that projects above the epidermis; The hair shaft is formed of three layers: The medulla - the deepest layer of the hair shaft, only seen in large and thick hairs. The cortex - the middle layer of the hair shaft which provides the strength, color, and texture of a hair fiber. The cuticle - the outer layer of the hair shaft is thin and colorless.

cutaneous membrane

The skin; composed of epidermal and dermal layers

hair follicle

The tube-like depression or pocket in the skin or scalp that contains the hair root. function: Hair growth

Dermal papillae

a fingerlike projection of the dermis that may contain blood capillaries or Meissner corpuscles (of touch); Found in the upper layers of the dermis, they create your fingerprint pattern

Stratum granulosum

a layer of the epidermis that marks the transition between the deeper, metabolically active strata and the dead cells of the more superficial strata

Stratum spinosum

a layer of the epidermis that provides strength and flexibility to the skin

mucous membrane

an epithelial tissue that secretes mucus and that lines many body cavities and tubular organs including the gut and respiratory passages.

Mediastinum

area between the lungs containing the heart, aorta, venae cavae, esophagus, and trachea

epithelial membranes

cutaneous mucous serous

parts of the fingernail

free edge nail body or plate lanula eponychium or cuticle nail root

peritoneal membrane (peritoneum)

lines much of the abdominal cavity and covers many of the organs located there.

Hypodermis (subcutaneous layer)

lowermost layer of the integumentary system in vertebrates. The types of cells found in the hypodermis are fibroblasts, adipose cells, and macrophages.

Eccrine sweat gland

most numerous sweat-producing exocrine gland in the skin; it produces a hypotonic sweat for thermo-regulation

Sebaceous gland

oil-secreting gland in the dermis that is associated with hair follicles; Sebaceous glands are microscopic exocrine glands in the skin that secrete an oily or waxy matter, called sebum, to lubricate and waterproof the skin and hair of mammals.

Stratum basale

the deepest epidermal layer made of a single row of cells that undergo rapid cell division

Epidermis

the outermost layer of skin and the only layer in direct contact with the outside environment

Stratum corneum

the outermost layer of the epidermis, which consists of flattened, keratinized cells

Pericardial membrane (pericardium)

the serous membrane that encloses the heart and the roots of the aorta and other large blood vessels and lines the mediastinum

Dermis

the thick layer of living tissue below the epidermis that forms the true skin, containing blood capillaries, nerve endings, sweat glands, hair follicles, and other structures.

serous membrane

the thin layer of tissue that covers internal body cavities and secretes a fluid that keeps the membrane moist; also called serosa