A&P 2 Chapter 19
Platelets
All of these choices are correct.
Why would a person have anti-Rh antibodies present in their blood?
An Rh-negative woman is carrying an Rh-positive fetus.
Which of the following is NOT a consequence of sickle-cell anemia?
Sickle-shaped red blood cells are less likely to rupture.
Normocytes are red blood cells with a diameter of approximately 7.5 micrometers.
TRUE
Red blood cells have antigenic markers on their surfaces called:
agglutinogens
A person with type B blood
has anti-A antibodies
The function of plasmin is to
hydrolyze fibrin.
A blood clot attached to a blood vessel wall is called a(an)
thrombus.
What vitamin is necessary to produce many clotting factors in the liver?
vitamin K
Choose the arrangement that lists the chemicals in the order in which they would be used for coagulation. (1) thrombin (2) fibrinogen (3) prothrombinase (4) activated factor XII
4, 3, 1, 2
Which plasma protein is correctly matched to its function?
globulin - transport and immunity
Type AB blood
has both A and B antigens on the red cells.
Erythropoietin
is a product of the kidney.
The smallest leukocytes are the _____ and the largest are the ______.
lymphocytes; monocytes
Bilirubin
may build up in the circulation and cause jaundice.
A white blood cell engulfing a bacterium is an example of blood functioning in
protection.
Functions of plasma proteins include
regulation of osmotic pressure.
Rupture of a red blood cell is called hematopoiesis.
FALSE
The biconcave structure of an erythrocyte is shaped to better accommodate the crystalline structure of hemoglobin.
FALSE
When a blood vessel is damaged, which of the following events occurs last?
Platelets begin to stick to each other and form a plug.
When erythrocytes are destroyed, which of the following events occurs?
The globin portion of the molecule is broken down into amino acids.
. Which blood type is considered the universal recipient?
Type AB
If your son is diagnosed with hemophilia, he would have
a disorder of the clotting process.
The globulins are important plasma proteins that functions primarily in _______.
immunity
A person with an increased eosinophil count might be suffering from
a parasitic worm infection.
Which of the following is NOT a form of hemoglobin found in the developing human?
adolescent
Hemolytic disease of the newborn (HDN) occurs when
an Rh-negative woman is carrying an Rh-positive fetus.
Randolf was suffering from severe hepatitis. His skin appeared to be jaundiced. That color change was due to
increased bilirubin in his circulatory system.
Which of the following cell types is incorrectly matched with its description?
lymphocytes - become macrophages
In adults, red blood cells are made in one place, spend most of their lifespan in another, and most are finally destroyed in yet another place. Which choice lists these locations in the correct chronological order?
bone marrow; blood vessels; spleen
All of the following could be learned from a blood chemistry test except
heart rate and blood pressure.
Which of the following is NOT a method of carbon dioxide transport in the blood?
held in the depression of a red blood cell
A deficiency of which of the following stem cells would result in a marked increase in the clotting time of blood?
megakaryoblast
Neutrophils of the blood are derived from a population of stem cells called
megakaryoblasts
Lymphocytes
migrate to lymphatic tissue.
Which of the following is an agranulocyte?
monocyte
Macrophages are derived from
monocytes.
Which type of material is NOT transported by the blood?
neurotransmitters
Which white blood cells function primarily as phagocytotic cells?
neutrophils and monocytes
What gas is also carried by a beta-globin that may help regulate blood pressure?
nitric oxide
Which of the following phrases is least likely to be used in describing erythrocytes?
nucleus is centrally located
When large quantities of blood are lost, erythrocytes must be replaced to restore
oxygen-carrying capacity.
The oxygenated form of hemoglobin is called
oxyhemoglobin.
Which of the following is mismatched?
pernicious anemia - loss of blood from the body
For a person whose hematocrit is 45%, in which choice below are the components of blood correctly ranked in order of decreasing percent volume?
plasma, RBCs, WBCs
Which blood component is NOT correctly matched with its function?
platelets - phagocytize bacteria
During platelet plug formation,
platelets stick to the exposed collagen fibers of injured vessels.
If a blood buffer is absent, what function of the blood would be compromised?
regulation of pH
Which of the following cell types is an immature red blood cell?
reticulocyte
All of the following describe ways that blood helps maintain homeostasis, except
secretion of neuropeptides.
An increased amount of heparin in the blood might
slow down the clotting process
An increase in hemoglobin increases
the ability of the blood to carry oxygen to various tissues.
The nervous system and certain chemicals can cause the constriction of a blood vessel. This is known as
vascular spasm.
Erythropoiesis does not require
vitamin K.
What protein forms a bridge between exposed vessel wall collagen and platelet surface receptors?
von Willebrand factor
How much oxygen is generally transported in combination with hemoglobin in red blood cells?
98.5%
What is tissue thromboplastin?
A compound released by damaged tissue that initiates the extrinsic clotting pathway
Which of the following statements regarding leukocytes is TRUE?
Leukocytes are the largest of the formed elements.
In which of the following situations might Rh incompatibility develop?
Mother is Rh negative; fetus is Rh positive
Which of the following is a stage of hemostasis?
coagulation
What type of gene expression occurs when a person has type AB blood?
codominance
Blood consists of a matrix of plasma and cells; blood is a subtype of ______ tissue.
connective
Blood is a type of __________tissue.
connective
Mature erythrocytes
contain hemoglobin in their cytoplasm.
When the antigens on erythrocytes bind with antibodies in the plasma,
agglutination of erythrocytes occurs.
Which of the following plasma proteins is most abundant?
albumin
Which of the following functions is associated with the blood?
delivery of oxygen to tissue cells
The hematocrit is
the percentage of RBCs in a given volume of blood.
All of the following are potential locations for hematopoiesis in the embryo and fetus, except
the placenta.
Agglutination of red blood cells means
they clump together.
In the extrinsic pathway, damaged tissues release
thromboplastin (tissue factor III)
During platelet plug formation, platelets release _____ and endothelial cells release ____ which lead to vasoconstriction.
thromboxane; endothelin
What may be affected if the enzyme carbonic anhydrase was not made in the body?
conversion of carbon dioxide to bicarbonate ion
Iron
is needed to produce hemoglobin.
What ion is necessary for the coagulation process?
calcium
The ability of white blood cells to leave the circulation and enter tissues is called
diapedesis.
The most numerous of the leukocytes is the
neutrophil.
Red blood cells will develop from
proerythroblasts.
RhoGam injections are given to
. prevent sensitization of the mother.
Arrange the following events of coagulation in proper sequence. (1) prothrombin thrombin (2) fibrinogen fibrin (3) activation of factor XII (4) formation of prothrombinase
3, 4, 1, 2
The total blood volume is ____ plasma.
55%
In the platelet release reaction,
ADP and thromboxanes stimulate other platelets to become activated.
Healing after clot formation involves
All of these choices are correct.
A severely dehydrated patient begins to experience the formation of random blood clots. Why is this happening?
Dehydration leads to a concentration of clotting factors which triggers the intrinsic mechanism of coagulation
An adult patient is brought into the emergency room of a local hospital. The EMTs report the patient lost about 300 cc (cubic centimeters or milliliters) of blood. Is this life-threatening?
No; most adults have 4-6 liters of blood so a loss of 300 cc would not be life threatening
Mike has blood type A. He needs blood, however blood type A is not available. The next best choice would be blood type _______.
O
Which of the following is NOT true of plasma?
Plasma volume can change drastically.
Agglutinins are:
antibodies directed against blood cell antigenic markers.
In hemolytic disease of the newborn,
antibodies from the mother cross the placenta and affect the fetus.
When defective erythrocytes are broken down,
bilirubin is formed from the breakdown of hemoglobin.
Which of the following is mismatched?
blood crossmatch - donor and recipient blood cells are mixed together
Which of the following is (are) associated with decreased hematopoiesis?
both vitamin B12 deficiency and iron deficiency anemia
The combination of hemoglobin and carbon dioxide is
carbaminohemoglobin.
When a person develops a sore throat, white blood cells are drawn to the area of infection by a process called
chemotaxis.
On which chromosome is there a mutation that leads to sickle cell anemia?
chromosome 11
Fibrinolysis is responsible for
clot dissolution.
Which of the following events is one of the three main stages of coagulation
conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin
Which of the following formed elements do not have chromosomes?
erythrocytes and reticulocytes
The condition characterized by overproduction of erythrocytes is called
erythrocytosis.
The cascade of events in the intrinsic pathway can be set into motion when _____ comes into contact with collagen.
factor XII
The plasma component that forms fibrin, the insoluble protein, in a blood clot is
fibrinogen.
Hemocytoblast stem cells
give rise to all formed elements in the blood.
Which of the following would lead to increased erythropoiesis?
increased erythropoietin levels
Aspirin inhibits platelet plug formation by
interfering with the synthesis of prostaglandins.
Coumadin (Warfarin)
is a potent anticoagulant.
Plasma
is the liquid matrix of the blood.
. The only formed elements that possess a nucleus when mature are the
leukocytes.
When a person is transfused with the wrong blood type,
the erythrocytes agglutinate.
Plasma is ____ while formed elements are ____.
the liquid portion of blood; the cells
Mr. Smith moved from a low altitude to a high altitude and experienced an increase in RBCs. Which of the following caused this increase?
the lower oxygen concentration seen at higher altitudes
Each hemoglobin molecule
transports four oxygen molecules.
Hemoglobin
transports oxygen in the blood.
A person with type O blood should receive a blood transfusion from a donor with
type O blood.