A&P 2, Chapter 24

Match the gastric phase on the left (1-3) with the correct description on the right (4-6): 1. intestinal phase 4. prepares stomach for arrival of food 2. gastric phase 5. stomach empties and decreases secretions 3. cephalic phase 6. stomach secretes juice and mixes food into chyme

A. 1 and 5, 2 and 6, 3 and 4

Put the following steps of stomach acid production in the correct order starting with the reaction that requires an enzyme 1. H2CO3 dissociates 2. chloride ion combines with H+ in the gastric lumen 3. water and CO2 combine to form carbonic acid 4. H+ and bicarbonate ion are transported out of the cell

A. 3, 1, 2, 4

________ are teeth with flattened crowns and prominent ridges that are adapted for crushing and grinding.

A. Molars

The part of the stomach that functions as a mixing chamber for food and secretion is the

A. body

Which region of the stomach does the esophagus connect to?

A. cardia

_______ are also known as canines.

A. cuspids

An intestinal hormone that stimulates mucus secretion by the submucosal duodenal glands is

A. enterocrinin

The portion of the small intestine that attaches to the cecum is the

A. ileum

Plicae and intestinal villi

A. increase the surface area of the mucosa of the small intestine.

Which layer of the digestive tract directly underlies the epithelium?

A. lamina propria

Digestion refers to the

A. mechanical and chemical breakdown of food

The _______ are double sheets of peritoneal membrane that suspend the visceral organs and carry nerves, lymphatics, and blood vessels.

A. mesenteries

The lamina propria and mucous epithelium are components of the

A. mucosa

Sandwiched between the layer of circular and longitudinal muscle in the muscularis externa is the

A. myenteric plexus

Waves of muscular contractions that propel the contents of the digestive tract are called

A. peristalsis

Mary had her stomach mostly removed to try to overcome obesity. As a result you would expect Mary to be at risk for

A. pernicious anemia

The uvula is located at the

A. posterior margin of the soft palate

All of the following are true of the lining of the stomach, except that it A. recycles bile B. is covered by a thick, viscous mucus C. has a simple columnar epithelium D. contains gastric pits E. is constantly being replaced

A. recycles bile

Which of these descriptions best matches the term submucosal plexus? A. sensory neural network B. component of mucosa C. coordinates activity of muscularis externa D. secretes a watery fluid E. loose connective tissue layer containing blood vessels

A. sensory neural network

Large blood vessels and lymphatics are found in the

A. submucosa

Muscles known as the pharyngeal constrictors function in

A. swallowing

The greater omentum is

B. a fatty sheet that hangs like an apron over the abdominal viscera

The fusion of the hepatic duct and the cystic duct forms the

B. common bile duct

The duodenal ampulla receives secretions from the

B. common bile duct and pancreatic duct

Which of these descriptions best matches the term myenteric plexus? A. component of mucosa B. coordinates activity of muscularis externa C. loose connective tissue layer containing blood vessels D. secretes a watery fluid E. sensory neural network

B. coordinates activity of muscularis externa

The bulk of each tooth consists of a materialized matrix similar to that of bone called

B. dentin

Brunner glands are characteristic of the

B. duodenum

The crown of a tooth is covered by

B. enamel

The gastric phase of gastric secretion is triggered by the

B. entry of food into the stomach

The esophagus has several variations from the standard plan of the gut tube. These include

B. epithelium of mucosa is stratified squamous and simple columnar.

The human liver is composed of _______ lobe(s).

B. four

During deglutition, which of the following phases is not present? A. esophagus B. gastric C. pharyngeal D. buccal E. None of the answers are correct

B. gastric

G cells of the stomach secrete

B. gastrin

The pH of the blood in gastric veins

B. is greater during digestion of a large meal than following a 24-hour fast.

Which organ is responsible for dehydration and compaction of indigestible materials?

B. large intestine

Gastrin secretion in response to elevated luminal pH is an example of

B. local stimulation

The double-layer sheets of serous membrane that support the viscera are called

B. mesenteries

The _______ supports all but 25 cm of the small intestine and provides stability and limited movement.

B. mesentery proper

Contraction of the _______ alters the shape of the intestinal lumen and moves epithelial pleats and folds.

B. muscularis mucosa

In most cases, the mups is a viral infection of the

B. parotid glands

Chief cells secrete

B. pepsinogen

A feature of the digestive tract wall that increases surface area available for absorption is the

B. plicae

The part of a tooth that contains blood vessels and nerves is the

B. pulp cavity

Which of these descriptions best matches the term gastrin? A. causes gallbladder to contract B. stimulates gastric secretion C. stimulates pancreas to secrete bicarbonate-rich fluid D. where pancreatic juice and bile enter duodenum E. carries absorbed sugars and amino acids

B. stimulates gastric secretion

A structure that helps prevent food from entering the pharynx prematurely is the

B. uvula

The functions of the oral cavity include all of the following, except A. mechanical processing of food B. digestion of carbohydrates C. absorption of monosaccharides D. lubrication E. analysis of material before swallowing

C. absorption of monosaccharides

The root of a tooth is covered by

C. cementum

A disease that attacks and disables the myenteric plexus would

C. decrease intestinal motility

Submucosal glands that secrete mucus are characteristic of the

C. duodenum

The portion of the stomach that is superior to the junction between the stomach and the esophagus is the

C. fundus

An intestinal hormone that stimulates the release of insulin from the pancreatic islet cells is

C. gastric inhibitory peptide (GIP)

The hormone that stimulates secretion and contraction by the stomach is

C. gastrin

The middle segment of the small intestine is the

C. jejunum

The villi are most developed in the

C. jejunum

The layer of loose connective tissue that directly supports the digestive epithelium is the

C. lamina propria

What organ is primarily responsible for water absorption?

C. large intestine

Increased secretion by all the salivary glands results from

C. parasympathetic stimulation

The _______ gland empties into the oral cavity at the level of the second upper molar.

C. parotid

Which salivary gland produces a serous secretion containing large amounts of salivary amylase?

C. parotid

The region of the stomach that empties into the duodenum is the

C. pylorus

An enzyme secreted by the gastric mucosa of a newborn that coagulates milk proteins is

C. rennin

The intestinal hormone that stimulates the pancreas to release a watery, bicarbonate-rich fluid is

C. secretin

The stomach secretes the hormone ghrelin which functions to

C. stimulate hunger

The stomach is able to distend a great deal as it receives food because of all of the following, EXCEPT that A. there is a great deal of loose tissue in the form of rugae. B. the gastric smooth muscle is very extensible. C. the hormone gastrin relaxes stomach smooth muscle. D. sympathetic stimulation decreases the tonus of the gastric smooth muscle. E. the smooth muscle of the stomach is very elastic.

C. the hormone gastrin relaxes stomach smooth muscle.

The space between the cheeks or lips and the teeth is called the

C. vestibule

Put the following layers of the digestive tract wall in order from the lumen to the deepest layer: 1. lamina propria 2. muscularis externa 3. submucosa 4. digestive (mucous) epithelium 5. serosa 6. muscularis mucosae

D. 4, 1, 6, 3, 2, 5

_______ crush and grind food.

D. Bicuspids and molars

_______ are pointed teeth that are adapted for tearing and slashing.

D. Cuspids

_______ are blade-shaped teeth that function in cutting or clipping.

D. Incisors

_______ pair(s) of salivary glands secrete into the oral cavity.

D. Three

The digestive tract is also referred to as the

D. alimentary canal and GI tract

Each of the following organs is a component of the digestive tract, except the A. stomach B. esophagus C. pharynx D. bladder E. colon

D. bladder

An intestinal hormone that stimulates the gallbladder to release bile is

D. cholecystokinin

All of the following contain mucous cells in the epithelium, except the A. small intestine B. large intestine C. transverse colon D. esophagus E. stomach

D. esophagus

An intestinal hormone that stimulates gastric secretion is

D. gastrin

The ridge of oral mucosa that surrounds the base of a tooth is the

D. gingiva

Which of the following contains adipose tissue and provides padding for the anterior and lateral portions of the abdomen? A. diaphragm B. lesser omentum C. mesentery proper D. greater omentum E. falciform ligament

D. greater omentum

The stomach is different from other digestive organs in that it

D. has three layers of muscle in the muscularis externa

Peyer patches are characteristic of the

D. ileum

The connection of the anterior portion of the tongue to the underlying epithelium is the

D. lingual frenulum

Which of the following is an accessory organ of digestion? A. spleen B. esophagus C. appendix D. pancreas E. colon

D. pancreas

Functions of the tongue include all of the following except A. mechanical processing of food B. manipulation of food C. sensory analysis of food D. partitioning the oropharynx from the nasopharynx E. aiding in speech

D. partitioning the oropharynx from the nasopharynx

The _______ salivary glands are covered by the mucous membrane in the floor of the mouth.

D. sublingual

Which layer of the digestive tract has a dense irregular connective tissue that surrounds the muscularis mucosae?

D. submucosa

During the cephalic phase of gastric secretion,

D. there is an increased flow of action potentials along the vagus nerve to the stomach.

A drug that blocks the action of carbonic anhydrase in parietal coils would result in

E. a higher pH during gastric digestion

Functions of the stomach include all of the following, except A. storage of ingested food B. denaturation of proteins C. mechanical breakdown of food D. initiation of protein digestion E. absorption of triglycerides

E. absorption of triglycerides

The pylorus empties into the

E. duodenum

Which of the following is not a function of the digestive system? A. mechanical processing B. ingestion C. compaction D. absorption E. filtration

E. filtration

Parietal cells secrete

E. hydrochloric acid

A blockage of the ducts from the parotid glands would

E. interfere with carbohydrate digestion in the mouth

What provides access for blood vessels entering and leaving the liver?

E. lesser omentum

Gastric pits are

E. openings into gastric glands

The prominent ridges in the lining of the empty stomach are called

E. papillae

All of the following are true of the intestinal phase of gastric digestion, except that it A. helps ensure that the functions of the small intestine proceed with relative efficiency B. functions to control the rate of gastric emptying C. begins when chyme enters the small intestine D. involves both neural and endocrine reflexes E. precedes the gastric phase

E. precedes the gastric phase

The enzyme pepsin digests

E. proteins

A stratified squamous epithelial lining can be found in all of the following, except in the A. oropharynx B. anal canal C. esophagus D. oral cavity E. stomach

E. stomach

The oral mucosa has _______ epithelium.

E. stratified squamous

Sensory nerve cells, parasympathetic ganglia, and sympathetic postganglionic fibers can be found in the

E. submucosal plexus

Plicae circulares are

circumferential folds in the mucosa and submucosa of the small intestine.