A&P

The diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane is

Osmosis

Diffusion

The movement of a solute from an area of higher solute concentration to an area of lower concentration

Voltage-gated ion channels respond to changes in ______ across the plasma membrane.

electrical charge

When a molecule diffuses across a membrane via a transporter protein and metabolic energy is not expended

facilitated diffusion

The measurement of a fluid's resistance to flow is referred to as its

viscosity

uniport

A membrane transport process that carries a single substance.

Antiport (countertransport)

A membrane transport process that carries one substance in one direction and another in the opposite direction across the plasma membrane

recepter-mediated endocytosis

A type of endocytosis where a particle bonds to a receptor before entering the cell.

the factors that determine the rate of active transport.

ATP availibility The number of ATP-powered pumps

Identify the methods of active membrane transport that require both a carrier protein and ATP.

Active transport Secondary active transport

Functions of membrane proteins

Allow for molecules and ions to pass through the cell membrane Anchor one cell to another Catalyze chemical reactions Allows cells to identify other cells or molecules Serve as a binding site for chemical signals

Oxygen levels in inhaled air in the lungs is much higher than oxygen levels in the capillary blood. Capillary blood has a much higher concentration of carbon dioxide than air in the lungs. Predict what will happen?

Carbon dioxide will diffuse into the lung. Oxygen will diffuse into the capillaries.

Integral proteins can arrange themselves in a membrane to create a passageway from one side of the membrane to the other without the need for a specific binding site. This type of protein is called

Channel proteins

Identify the characteristics of transport proteins

Closely related substances may bind to the same transport protein. Each protein will transport only a certain type of substance.

active transport

Energy-requiring process that moves material across a cell membrane against a concentration difference -The sodium-potassium pump

properties of a receptor protein

It attaches to chemical signals. It is made up of glycoproteins. It is made up of proteins.

Large molecules move across cell membrane with the help or assistance of protein carriers.

Mediated transport

secondary active transport

Movement of a substance from areas of lower to higher concentration along with an ion that moves from an area of higher to lower concentration. Both substances pass through the same carrier protein at the same time. ATP is required.

vesicular transport

Movement of material into or out of a cell using a vesicle and ATP

facilitated diffusion

Movement of specific molecules across cell membranes through protein channels

active transport

Movement of substances from areas of lower to higher concentration with the use of an ATP-powered pump.

the types of substances that require vesicles for transport across the cell membrane

Non-lipid soluble molecules Small pieces of matter Large molecules

How does passive transport compare to active transport with regard to energy expenditure?

Passive transport does not require ATP; active transport does

Osmosis

The diffusion of water across a semi-permeable membrane

osmotic pressure

The force needed to keep water from moving by osmosis across a selectively permeable membrane

facilitated diffusion

The process of using a carrier to passively transport a substance through a membrane down its concentration gradient

vesicular transport

Transport of large particles and macromolecules across plasma membranes though the formation or release of vesicles . require ATP

Lipid soluble molecules easily pass through the plasma membrane.

True

the movement of ions or molecules by carrier protein can be classified into 3 ways

Uniport symport antiport

Identify the function of a marker protein.

allow cellular identification

Channels of membrane proteins specialized for the passage of water are called

aquaporins

One cell can stick to another by using specialized proteins known as

attachment protiens

Integral proteins, called ____ proteins that bind glucose, electrolytes, and other solutes and transfer them to the other side of the membrane.

carrier

Secondary active transport in the intestine works by

carrier mediated transport of sodium into the cell active transport of sodium out of the cell carrier mediated transport of glucose into the cells

Proteins that move substances across the membrane are called

carrier protein

Identify functions of attachment proteins. They attach

cells to extracellular material one cell to another cell

identify functions of attachment proteins. They attach

cells to extracellular material one cell to another cell

Transmembrane proteins with pores that allow ions and small molecules to pass through the membrane are referred to as

channel protein

Ions typically cross the plasma membrane through tube-like passageways called

channels

the different types of transport proteins.

channels, carriers, ATP power pumps

Ligand-gated ion channels respond to

chemical signals

Ligand-regulated gates respond to

chemical signals

he sugar concentration in your glass of ice tea is very high at the bottom and low at the top. This concentration distribution is an example of

concentration gradient

Mitochondria are in the space between the they cell membrane and nucleus; therefore, they are in the

cytoplasm

As the concentration gradient of a diffusing substance decreases, the rate of diffusion

decreases

Diffusion rate will increase as the size of the molecule

decreases

concentration gradient

difference in the concentration of a substance from one location to another

The movement of solutes from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration is known as

diffusion

A protein on the cell surface in the small intestine breaks the peptide bonds found in dietary proteins to release amino acids. This membrane protein is an example of a (an) ______.

enzyme

identify the passive transport mechanism that requires a carrier protein that exhibits specificity, saturation and competition

facilitated diffusion

A selectively permeable membrane is able to allow all substances to pass only some of the time

false

When the concentration of a substance gradually changes from one point to the next, we say it exhibits a concentration

gradient

Cytoplasm and nucleoplasm are fluids found inside the cell. These are called

intracellular or cytosol

When a lipid soluble molecule encounters the lipid bilayer

it dissolves into the membrane

The transmembrane proteins with pores without gates that allow ions to pass through the membrane are called ion

leak channels

A plasma membrane protein is involved in helping to identify its cell to other cells. This protein is acting as a(n)

marker protein

endocytosis

material moves through plasma membrane into cytoplasm by formation of a vesicles 1- phagocytosis (cell eating) 2-pinocytosis (cell drinking

Viscosity

measure of fluid resistance to flowing

mediated transport

movement of molecules across membrane from higher to lower concentration, by binding to protein transporter; characterized by specificity, competition, and saturation; includes facilitated diffusion and active transport

soluble molecules can only pass through the membrane by utilizing transport proteins.

non-lipid

Facilitated diffusion can best be described as

passive transport mechanism moving substances through a carrier from high concentration to low concentration

Hypercholesterolemia

reaction or absence of low density lipoprotein LDL

Cells communicate via chemical signals which bind to specialized molecules on the plasma membrane surface. These molecules are called

receptor proteins

The movement of sodium and glucose from the lumen of the intestine into epithelial cells is an example

secondary active transport

Exocytosis example

secretions of digestive enzyme by the pancreas secretion mucus by salivary glands

A membrane that only allows some substances to pass through it but restricts other substances is known as

selectively permeable

symport (contransport)

the movement of two different substance move in same direction across the plasma membrane

Carrier proteins, channel proteins and ATP-powered pumps are all types integral proteins of the plasma membrane that are

transport

ntegral proteins that allow the movement of ions or molecules across the plasma membrane are called ______ proteins.

transport

Large, non-lipid-soluble molecules and small pieces of matter are transported across the cell membrane by

vesicles

A channel opened when the voltage across a membrane changed; therefore, it is a(n

voltage-gated